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1.
Single node cuttings with one mature leaf were taken from the rose cv. Baroness and rooted in water culture. The rooted plants were grown in nutrient solutions and subjected to two levels of relative air humidity (RH): high (90%) and moderate (70%), in combination with high (12/1), medium (1/1) and low (1/5) K/Ca ratios in the nutrient solution. High RH plants accumulated less Ca in leaves and flowers than moderate RH plants. Roses grown at moderate RH had a longer postharvest life than high RH roses, irrespective of the K/Ca ratio of the nutrient solution. In general, a high K/Ca ratio had a negative impact on postharvest life. When grown at a high K/Ca ratio the ornamental value declined rapidly, mainly due to the appearance of necrotic petals as well as chlorotic and necrotic areas on the leaves. Bent neck occurred only with high RH plants but changes in the K/Ca ratio had no differential effect. Dry spots and brittle leaves were observed on high RH roses, and the occurrence increased with increased K/Ca ratio in the nutrient solution. Stomatal conductance increased in parallel with increases in RH and K/Ca ratio when measured on intact roses placed in dry air (40% RH). 相似文献
2.
空气湿度对东方百合生长和切花品质的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以东方百合(Lilium spp. ) 品种‘凝视星空’和‘巴希亚布兰卡’为材料, 种植于温室进行不同湿度栽培试验, 设置60%、75%和90%相对湿度水平。结果表明: 湿度对两个东方百合品种的植株生长和发育有显著影响, 高湿度增加了叶面积, 但是推迟了开花期, 缩短了切花瓶插寿命, 加速了叶片衰老。高湿度下气孔增大, 密度减小, 叶片气孔导度和蒸腾速率提高, 气孔在叶片失水后的反应迟钝, 关闭速度慢于低湿度下生长的叶片。高湿度下植株茎流也慢, 水分吸收少于低湿度植株。高湿度下生长的百合切花在瓶插期发生了纸叶病。 相似文献
3.
纳米银对瓶插月季切花乙烯作用的拮抗效应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以月季‘影星’（Rosa hybrida‘Movie Star’）切花为试材,用5、10和30 mg · L-1纳米银（nano-silver,NS）溶液,0.5 mmol · L-1硫代硫酸银（silver thiosulfate,STS）溶液和去离子水（对照）分别预处理花枝（长为25 cm）基端2 h后再移至去离子水中瓶插,之后用10 μL · L-1外源乙烯处理24 h,观测切花瓶插期间的观赏品质,瓶插寿命,花径和花枝鲜样质量等指标的变化。结果表明：乙烯处理可加快切花失水凋萎及叶片脱落,并抑制花朵开放,而NS处理可显著减轻乙烯处理的不利影响,其中以30 mg · L-1 NS处理效果最佳,该处理月季切花的瓶插寿命比乙烯处理延长7 d。另外,取月季切花的花朵（带5 cm花茎,无叶）进行上述试验,进一步证实乙烯处理可抑制花朵开放,而NS处理可显著减轻乙烯对花朵开放的抑制作用。 相似文献
4.
切花月季‘萨蔓莎’和‘加布里拉’失水胁迫耐性的差异 总被引：10，自引：4，他引：10
不同失水胁迫条件下的研究结果表明: 切花月季耐失水胁迫品种‘萨蔓莎’和不耐失水胁迫品种‘加布里拉’的瓶插寿命缩短百分比、鲜样质量损失率、相对电导率、花朵乙烯生成量都随胁迫程度的增加而增加, 叶片、花朵水势随胁迫程度的增加而下降, 萨蔓莎的变化幅度比加布里拉小。中度失水胁迫的叶片和花瓣SOD、POD 活性高于轻度和重度胁迫。两个品种的叶片气孔阻力没有明显区别。瓶插期间,相同失水胁迫时间, 萨蔓莎复水恢复能力比加布里拉强。讨论了月季切花上述参数与失水胁迫耐性之间的关系。 相似文献
5.
M. Kazemi S. Kalateh Jari A. R. Ladan Moghadam 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2018,93(1):81-90
With the aim of extending the vase life of cut rose flowers, we investigated whether the application of salicylic acid (SA), pre- and postharvest, could improve this. For this purpose, two individual trials were conducted, using a completely randomised design, with three replications. In the first trial, aqueous solutions of 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mM SA were sprayed on roses grown in a controlled greenhouse once the flower buds had appeared, and the second stage was performed two weeks before harvest. The preharvest SA application at 1.5 mM concentration prolonged the vase life of cut roses by improving membrane stability, and decreasing the lipid peroxidation properties. In the second trial, continuous exposure to (0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mM), and pulses of (0, 5, 10 and 15 mM), SA significantly extended the vase life. Flowers treated with 1.5 (continuous exposure) and 15 mM (pulse) SA showed a significant decrease in weight loss, and antioxidant activity increased, compared to the control solution, but the flowers in the control solution indicated an increase in weight loss. The results show that pre- and postharvest SA application prolonged the vase life of cut roses through improving CAT and POD activity, and decreasing lipid peroxidation. 相似文献
6.
《Scientia Horticulturae》2005,104(1):49-55
Vase life, flower opening and development of mildew were studied in six cut rose cultivars grown at daily periods of 0, 6, 12, 18 and 24 h at 90% and 75% relative air humidity (RH) was determined. Air humidities corresponded to vapour pressure deficits (vpd) of 220 and 550 Pa, respectively. Treatment with drought stress was included at the constant high RH treatment. On increasing RH from constant 75% to constant 90%, vase life decreased by between 15% and 70% in the different cultivars. High RH for up to 18 h generally had only a minor effect on vase life, but there was a significant deterioration between 18 and 24 h (continuous). On increasing the daily period of 90% RH from 0 to 12 h, the percentage of flowers opening during vase life in one of the cultivars decreased; a further increase to 18 and 24 h significantly reduced flower opening in five of the six cultivars. As a mean of all cultivars, 71% and 27% of the flowers opened when grown at 75% and 90% RH, respectively. The development of mildew was much greater at 12 h 90% RH combined with 12 h 75% RH compared with all other treatments. Constant 90% RH eliminated all mildew development, while at constant 75% RH, only minor infections were observed. Drought stress at constant 90% RH increased the vase life of five cultivars and stimulated the flowers to open in three; no mildew development was observed in any of the cultivars. 相似文献
7.
Anastasios I. Darras Anastasia Akoumianaki-Ioannidou Nektarios E. Pompodakis 《Scientia Horticulturae》2010
Post-harvest performance of cut viburnum inflorescences was examined in the present study. Harvesting viburnum at three developmental stages resulted in significant differences on flower opening rate (FOR) and flower abscission rate (FAR), but not on vase life. Harvesting at Stage III (>50% open flowers) resulted in highest flower opening percentage, whereas harvesting at Stage I (10–30% open flowers) in significantly lower flower abscission percentage. Pulsing with 20 or 40 mg/l AgNO3 for 24 h extended vase life by 1.6 and 1.9 days, respectively, compared to the controls. Furthermore, flower abscission was significantly reduced after 20 or 40 mg/l AgNO3 treatments by 51 and 62%, respectively, compared to the controls. In contrast, vase solutions containing 100 mg/l DICA or 100 and 200 mg/l methanol did not extend vase life of cut viburnum inflorescences, but significantly reduced flower abscission. Vase solutions containing 1 or 2% (w/v) sucrose negatively affected vase life, flower opening and flower abscission of viburnum inflorescence. Post-harvest treatments with 1-MCP at 10 μl/l in an ethylene-free environment resulted in extension of vase life and in significant reduction of FAR and respiration rates compared to the controls. Vase life of 1-MCP treated inflorescences was increased by 4.2 days compared to the controls. FAR of 1-MCP treated inflorescences remained significantly lower from the second to the eighth day of the vase life period. 相似文献
8.
抗坏血酸提高月季切花失水胁迫耐性与增加APX活性的关系 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以‘Samantha’品种为试材, 确定了适宜的抗坏血酸(AsA) 预处理浓度, 探讨了AsA和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX) 抑制剂(对氨基酚, β-aminophenol) 预处理对花瓣中相对电导率、AsA含量以及APX活性的影响。与未经失水胁迫的切花月季相比较, 失水胁迫处理抑制切花的开放进程, 缩短了瓶插寿命。AsA 1 000 mg·L - 1预处理可有效地改善花朵的开放状况, 显著降低花瓣中相对电导率的增加, 明显提高花瓣中AsA的含量和APX活性。500 mg·L - 1 β-aminophenol预处理则起到相反的效应。结果说明,AsA对‘Samantha’月季切花失水胁迫耐性的改善与花瓣中APX活性的提高相联系。 相似文献
9.
Fernando Luiz Finger Paulo José De Moraes Ana Maria Mapeli José Geraldo Barbosa Paulo Roberto Cecon 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(2):144-147
SummaryPost-harvest longevity of Epidendrum ibaguense cut flowers was maximum when treated for 6 h with 1 g m–3 Ethylbloc® [0.14% 1-methylcyclopropene; 1-MCP] followed, or not, by pulsing with 200 g l–1 sucrose for 12 h. This extended the vase-life from 5.5 d to at least 11 d. Cut inflorescences pulsed with 2.0 mM silver thiosulphate (STS) had reduced abscission of flowers, similar to the effect of 1-MCP. When inflorescences were pulsed with 200 g l–1 sucrose alone for 12 h, no effect was observed on the vase-life of the flowers. Flowers kept in a vase solution containing 20 g l–1 sucrose, 150 mg l–1 citric acid, and 200 mg l–1 8-hydroxyquinoline citrate did not influence the longevity of 1-MCP or STS pre-treated flowers, but the vase solution had a small influence on retarding abscission compared with flowers kept in distilled water. Adding 0.2 mM STS to the vase solution improved vase-life 1.74- and 1.45-fold compared with the longevity of flowers kept in distilled water or in vase solution alone, respectively. The presence of 0.3 mM AgNO3 alone, or mixed into the vase solution, had no affect on the vase-life of the flowers. 相似文献
10.
谷胱甘肽对切花月季‘Samantha’失水胁迫耐性的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用外源谷胱甘肽（GSH）及其生物合成关键酶γ–谷氨酰半胱氨肽合成酶（γ-ECS）的专一抑制剂丁胱亚磺酰胺（BSO）分别处理切花月季‘Samantha’花枝基部,以提高或降低花瓣中的GSH含量,研究GSH对月季切花失水胁迫耐性的影响,以及花瓣中抗坏血酸–谷胱甘肽（AsA-GSH）循环对失水胁迫的响应。结果表明：提高花瓣中GSH的含量,明显提高了失水胁迫24 h后切花的复水率,延长了瓶插寿命;相反,BSO预处理降低了花瓣中的GSH含量,从而降低了切花的失水胁迫耐性。GSH预处理在明显提高失水胁迫和复水期间花瓣中GSH总含量和还原型GSH含量的同时也提高了抗坏血酸（AsA）的含量;AsA-GSH循环中两个关键酶抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）和谷胱甘肽还原酶（GR）的活性也明显高于胁迫对照,并且MDA的含量明显降低。BSO预处理则产生相反的效果。这些结果表明,GSH能够通过提高AsA-GSH循环的抗氧化能力来增强月季切花的失水胁迫耐性。 相似文献
11.
SummaryTo analyse quantitatively the relationships between cut rose (Rosa hybrida L. ‘Pascha’) vase-life, the onset of cavitation, plant water potential, and bacterial concentrations in the vase water, rose stems were placed in water containing different concentrations of Pseudomonas fluorescens 2892 tetr rif r. There was a significant correlation (P = 0.0009) between cut rose vase-life and the concentration of bacteria in the vase water. As the number of bacteria in the vase water increased, the rate of senescence also increased. The water potential for roses in the bacterial suspension (at 8.50 log10 CFU ml–1) proceeded to drop constantly after 5.17 h in the vase solution, with the water potential falling to as low as -2.35 MPa by the end of the experiment (at 117 h). In contrast, the water potential of roses in deionised water dropped from -0.419 MPa at 5.17 h, to only –0.663 MPa after 117 h. When roses were stood in a bacterial suspension (at 8.5 log10 CFU ml–1) for 30 h, 63.8% of the total cumulative cavitation events were seen, while roses stood in deionised water exhibited only 26.8% of the total cavitation events. Uptake of acid fuchsin and the movement of tagged P. fluorescens 2892 in the xylem indicated that bacteria did not travel beyond the open-ended xylem vessels and were generally restricted to the first 50 mm from the cut end of the stem. 相似文献
12.
《Scientia Horticulturae》2001,88(4):257-276
Low matric and to a lesser extent osmotic potential reduce significantly leaf area and rose yield. Net assimilation rate and transpiration are also negatively affected although less dramatically. Low water potential causes an increase in the water use efficiency of greenhouse roses when tested in closed, no-discharge systems. When a stable osmotic potential is maintained in open systems, using increased leaching fraction (LF), low osmotic potential results in lower water use efficiency. Osmotic potential in porous media serving for greenhouse cut-rose production is usually lower than the matric potential. However, low matric potential in porous media is usually accompanied by very low unsaturated hydraulic conductivity, causing localized zones of very low matric potential adjacent to the root–medium interface. This phenomenon, that cannot be measured using tensiometers, is the main limiting factor to water uptake by plant roots. Restricted water uptake results in low leaf water potential and cessation of leaf and shoot expansive growth.Combined effects of drought and salinity on photosynthesis have been studied for a number of agronomic crops but studies on roses have been limited. In most greenhouse crops a close relationship between total water potential in the root zone (Ψtsoil) and in the shoot (Ψtshoot) is found and there are good indications about the plant’s ability to make osmotic adjustments in order to lower Ψtshoot and prevent excessive water losses from the leaves thus maintaining the plant’s turgidity. Future studies conducted with roses can provide a better insight into the adaptive processes within the plants when exposed to salt or water stresses. 相似文献
13.
以切花菊‘神马’为试材,探索了远距离运输导致其花朵开放过速的原因,并通过改良切
花菊预处理液配方,延长其远距离运输后的瓶插寿命。对经模拟远距离运输又复水后的切花菊花朵和叶
片水势测定的结果表明,长时间2 ℃冷链运输后,切花菊花朵和叶片水势下降可达10 × 105 Pa。花朵的
过速开放是由瓶插复水时水势骤变导致,单位时间内水势差越大花朵开放速度越快。花枝在长途运输时
逐渐失水,增加了复水时花枝内外的水势差,致使复水时水分供应快速,促进花头花瓣快速扩展。在传
统配方基础上添加适量的N–苯基–N’–1,2,3–噻二唑–5–脲（TDZ）可减缓花朵花冠直径增长速度、
延缓叶片衰老,改良后的最佳预处液配方为：200 mg · L-1 8–羟基喹啉（8-HQ）+ 200 mg · L-1 柠檬酸（CA）+
2 mL · L-1 聚氧乙烯–8–辛基苯基醚（Triton X-100）+ 100 mg · L-1 维生素C + 0.05 mg · L-1 TDZ + 1%
蔗糖,在实践操作中该配方使切花菊瓶插寿命比对照延长了3 d。 相似文献
14.
Margarita Ramos-García Salvador Ortega-Centeno Ana N. Hernández-Lauzardo Irán Alia-Tejacal Elsa Bosquez-Molina Silvia Bautista-Baños 《Scientia Horticulturae》2009
The state of Morelos, Mexico has gradually become an important producer of gladiolus. Some preconditioning treatments of corms are empirically done causing uneven emergence and low quality of flowers. In this investigation, before planting, gladiolus corms var. ‘Blanca Borrego’ were dipped in chitosan (chitosan reagent and commercial chitosan Biorend®), in hot water at various temperatures and in treatments combined with Biorend® at 1.5% and hot water. Results indicated that the most influenced variables were corm germination, number of flowers per spike, number of cormlets and vase life. Overall, the commercial product Biorend® at 1.5% accelerated corm emergence in approximately 4 days, the number of flowers increased by 2–7 and the vase life extended for 3 days. The number of cormlets was also duplicated. Corms dipped in the commercial chitosan Biorend® at 1.5% at different intervals of time were not greatly affected except for the emergence and number of cormlets. However, for this experiment there were significant effects on the number of leaves and flowers because of the interactions between chitosan and the immersion time. The temperature of 55 °C affected plant development because emergence was delayed by 6 days; and there were less number of leaves, flowers and cormlets. On the other hand, the incidence of Fusarium oxysporum in naturally infected corms was 0% at temperatures of 55 °C and 50 °C. Immersion times (0, 10, 15 and 20 min) in hot water at 50 °C did not show significant effects on plant development and vase life. Corms dipped in Biorend® at 1.5% and hot water at 50 °C accelerated their emergence for about 1–7 days, the number of flowers increased by two, extended the storage life for 1–3 days and increased the number of cormlets. The integration of these two treatments -Biorend® and hot water- might be a good option for increasing the gladiolus plant quality and vase life. 相似文献
15.
S. A. Trout 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(1):78-90
SummaryCut scapes of the four gerbera cvs Campitano, Dino, Sangria and Testarossa were preharvest sprayed and postharvest dipped or injected with 0 (control), 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5% CaCl2. Vase life and bending incidence were determined during storage at 258C. Scape calcium content was determined at the end of vase life. Significant extension of vase life and decrease in bending incidence was observed in blooms of `Campitano', `Dino' and `Testarossa' gerberas injected with 1.0% CaCl2, followed by dipping in 1.0% CaCl2 postharvest compared with the control. `Sangria' gerbera scapes preharvest sprayed with 1.0–1.5% CaCl2 had the longest flower longevity and the lowest bending incidence. Scape calcium concentration of `Campitano', `Sangria' and `Testarossa' increased by 250, 130 and 370%, respectively, compared with the control; calcium treatments resulted in a 3–4 d increase in vase life and a 3-5 d delay in bending incidence relative to the control; treatments with 1.5% CaCl2 considerably increased scape calcium content but did not contribute any additional increase in the vase life of the flowers. Although postharvest dipping with 1.0% CaCl2 had moderate results compared with the other treatments it can be considered as a promising postharvest treatment to extend vase life of cut gerberas due to the ease of application. 相似文献
16.
纳米银预处理对麝香百合切花的保鲜效应研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
以麝香百合‘白天堂’为试材,研究了新型抗菌剂纳米银(Nano-silver,NS)处理对麝香百合(Lilium longiflorum)切花的保鲜效应。结果表明:用5～20mg/L NS溶液预处理麝香百合切花茎基端24h后再瓶插于去离子水中,可延长切花的瓶插寿命,并延缓花瓣和叶片的失水萎蔫、改善花枝的水分吸收和延缓花枝的鲜重损失,其中以10mg/L NS预处理效果最佳。进一步试验表明,10～20mg/L NS溶液对麝香百合切花采后易于滋生的假单孢菌属菌(Pseudomonassp.)、肠杆菌属菌(Enterobacter sp.)、鲍氏不动杆菌(Acinetobacter baumannii)和木糖氧化产碱菌(Achromobacter xylosoxidans)等4种主要病原菌生长有显著的抑制作用。 相似文献
17.
Julita Rabiza-Świder Ewa Skutnik Agata Jędrzejuk 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2017,92(3):270-278
A positive water balance is crucial for longevity of cut shoots. When water loss by transpiration exceeds water uptake by cut flowers, wilting symptoms appear. Clematis is a very attractive plant which can be used as a cut flower provided that suitable cultivars are chosen. The vase life of four cultivars tested ranged between 6.7 days and 9.0 days and the standard preservative – 200 mg·dm?3 8-hydroxyquinoline citrate (8HQC) plus 2% sucrose – prolonged it significantly in two cultivars, while 8HQC alone was efficient in only one. The preservatives delayed reduction in fresh weight. An enhancement of water uptake by the preservatives resulted in prolonged vase life of flowers in two cultivars. However, the effect of preservatives on transpiration was not related to longevity. In addition, longevity did not depend on the xylem vessel size: the cultivar with the longest vase life had the lowest average xylem vessel diameter while the cultivar with the largest vessels had an intermediate vase life. Preservatives did not always affect the number of blockages in xylem appearing during vase life. Generally, the effects of preservatives on the elements of water balance in cut shoots of clematis were not directly related to the postharvest longevity. 相似文献
18.
J.D. Faragher A. Borochov V. Keren-Paz Z. Adam A.H. Halevy 《Scientia Horticulturae》1984,22(3):295-302
The effects of cold storage on vase life, ethylene (C2H4) production, and parameters of cell senescence, were measured in flowers of spray carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.), cultivar ‘Pink Royalette’. Storage for 6 or 12 days at 2°C led to a reduction in the subsequent vase life at 20°C. In addition, storage caused a reduction in the time between the rise in ethylene production and the end of vase life. That is, cold storage increased the sensitivity of the petal cells to endogenous C2H4.Normal aging of flowers for 6 days at 20°C led to decreased capacity of petals to take up [14C] sucrose, decreased activity of membrane ATPase, increased membrane microviscosity and decreased membrane phospholipid content, relative to the levels in fresh flowers. However, cold storage of flowers for 6 days at 2°C caused opposite changes in the levels of these senescence parameters (measured at constant temperature). It was concluded that cold storage does not simply lead to a slow rate of senescence, but has other effects on cell properties. 相似文献
19.
香菇大分子碳源代谢的研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
本文采用三种不同的培养基配方对香菇Cr-02菌株大分子碳源的代谢进行了探讨,结果认为淀粉是最先被香菇菌丝分解利用的多糖。在纤维素、半纤维素和木质素三类大分子聚合物中,香菇发菌初期优先利用半纤维素,其次是木质素,纤维素利用较少。由于纤维素的降解受小分子碳源的诱导,同时又受小分子碳源的抑制,还受氮素营养的影响,木质素的降解也受培养基中碳、氮营养的影响,香菇在整个发菌过程中降解木质素、纤维素和半纤维素三类大分子聚合物的规律,于不同配方培养基中有差异。 相似文献
20.
二氯异氰脲酸钠处理对香石竹切花的保鲜效应 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
就杀菌剂二氯异氰脲酸钠（Sodium dichloroisocyanurate,DICA）处理对瓶插香石竹(Dianthus caryphyllus L.) 切花的保鲜效应进行了初步探讨。结果表明：与对照（蒸馏水）相比,15.4和77.0 mg·L-1 DICA处理可使香石竹切花的瓶插寿命分别延长6.0 d和6.8 d,但后者对观赏品质有不利影响;DICA处理有利于减缓切花茎基部水分导度下降, 维持花枝的水分吸收和鲜重,尤以15.4 mg·L-1 DICA处理为佳;细菌计数试验和抑菌圈试验表明DICA处理可有效抑制瓶插液中微生物的生长。 相似文献