共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 468 毫秒
1.
《农产品质量与安全》2017,(1)
分析了松茸与姬松茸烘干前后矿质元素和氨基酸组成,采用国际通用的评价方法对其蛋白质营养价值进行评价比较。结果显示,松茸与姬松茸富含钾、钙、铁等矿质元素及优质蛋白,新鲜松茸中硒含量高达8.577 mg/kg,新鲜姬松茸粗蛋白含量高达54.32%(以干重计)。松茸与姬松茸均含有17种常见的氨基酸,且必需氨基酸占总氨基酸比例为42.5%~48.0%。姬松茸中各氨基酸含量均高于松茸,但是干制前后其氨基酸评分、化学评分、必需氨基酸指数、生物价均与松茸无显著差异,整体上高于FAO标准模式蛋白接近鸡蛋蛋白。烘干过程主要影响二者磷、钠、钙及粗蛋白、蛋氨酸、谷氨酸等含量,以及营养指数与氨基酸比值系数分。 相似文献
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为研究马铃薯全粉理化特性的品种间差异,本研究以14种马铃薯全粉为材料,测定了马铃薯全粉的粘度特性、质构特性、糊化特性和回生特性等理化特性指标,并进行相关性分析、主成分分析和聚类分析。结果表明,4个中薯系列品种的淀粉含量较高,均高于70%。不同品种马铃薯全粉的理化特性存在较大差异,威芋5号(PT10)、中薯3号(PT34)和中薯5号(PT35)的粘度较大;PT34的硬度最高,中薯13号(PT38)的粘聚性最低,而红色马铃薯PT14的硬度最低,粘聚性最高;PT34的糊化温度较低,糊化焓最高。相关性分析表明,淀粉含量与多数性状间存在显著的相关性,粘度特性的各指标间均存在正相关性,硬度和粘聚性存在显著负相关性,糊化温度(To、Tp和Tc)与糊化焓值(ΔHg和ΔHr)之间存在显著负相关性。主成分分析表明,马铃薯全粉的理化特性评价可以综合成4个主成分因子。聚类分析表明,14个品种根据理化特性主要可分为两大类。本研究为马铃薯全粉加工和品种遴选提供了一定数据支持,也为马铃薯品质育种中的亲本选择提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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为了对马铃薯食品进行有效的鉴别,本研究参照马铃薯龙葵素鼠李糖基转移酶基因的部分序列,设计了马铃薯的特异性引物Sgt3,建立了食品中马铃薯成分的PCR检测方法,并研究了加热过程中其基因的降解情况。通过对比4对引物StLs、scuF、UGPase、Sgt3在荧光定量PCR试验中的扩增效果,最终确定引物Sgt3可以特异性扩增马铃薯DNA,且能得到线性关系显著的标准曲线。结果表明,采用实时荧光PCR方法,马铃薯质量浓度低至2%时仍呈阳性反应;对于马铃薯熟全粉-小麦粉复配粉,得到R~2=0.9834的线性方程,马铃薯熟全粉含量为50%的待测样品检测结果为50.75%;对于马铃薯生全粉-小麦粉复配粉,得到R~2=0.9945的线性方程,马铃薯生全粉含量为45%的待测样品检测结果为44.42%;将马铃薯生粉100℃加热10 h以上,DNA会严重降解,不利于PCR检测。本研究通过荧光定量PCR技术可以实现马铃薯成分的鉴别,对于成分单一且已知的样品,可以实现量化分析,该方法的建立为马铃薯主食产品品质监管提供了一定的技术支持。 相似文献
4.
《核农学报》2017,(12)
为揭示模拟微重力对秀珍菇栽培的影响,利用三维旋转式植物栽培装置栽培秀珍菇,分析模拟微重力和静止2种栽培条件下秀珍菇子实体中蛋白质营养评价的效应。结果表明,模拟微重力栽培的秀珍菇子实体中有14种氨基酸含量高于静止栽培处理,氨基酸总量达114.0 g·kg~(-1),必需氨基酸总量为53.5g·kg-1,与静止栽培处理相比,依次提高了26.2%、28.3%;且必需氨基酸比值含量比静止栽培处理和FAO/WHO的参照标准分别提高了1.62%和32.57%,略低于鸡蛋白的必需氨基酸比值含量(49.7%)。模拟微重力栽培的秀珍菇中蛋白质营养价值评价的化学评分、氨基酸评分、氨基酸比值系数分、必需氨基酸指数、生物价及营养指数6项指标均高于静止栽培处理,表明模拟微重力栽培秀珍菇有利于氨基酸的形成,且氨基酸的组成更合理。本研究为揭示微重力对食用菌生长发育机理和空间育种提供了理论参考。 相似文献
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热风干燥条件对马铃薯全粉糊化品质的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为了改善马铃薯脱水制品的干燥工艺,该文以薄层干燥试验为基础,研究了不同热风温度(40、50、60、70、80、90℃)、风速(0.5、1.0、1.5、2.5、3.5 m/s)和切丁长度(2.5、5、10、15 mm)对马铃薯全粉的糊化特性的影响。采用扫描电子显微镜和差示扫描量热仪对马铃薯全粉的微观结构和糊化特性进行分析,并测定了其吸水性。研究表明,糊化焓值可以表征马铃薯全粉的糊化水平,焓值越高,糊化水平越低;糊化起始温度的范围为62.31~64.96℃,终止温度的范围为70.16~74.19℃,比纯淀粉制品糊化温度高;高于糊化温度进行干燥时,淀粉不会完全糊化;0.5~2.5 m/s风速干燥的样品糊化焓值没有显著差异(P0.05),3.5 m/s干燥的样品焓值显著小于其他风速干燥样品;马铃薯全粉焓值随切丁长度增大而显著减小(P0.05);不糊化样品吸水性没有显著差异(P0.05),吸水性随糊化程度的增强而显著增强;热风干燥条件为温度70℃,风速1.0 m/s和切丁长度10 mm时,马铃薯全粉的糊化程度较低。研究可为热风干燥制备未糊化的马铃薯全粉提供理论基础。 相似文献
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为评价天薯12号、定薯4号、庄薯3号、希森6号和青薯10号5个马铃薯品种的综合品质,以同一条件下生产的品种为试材,采用分级指数法对参试品种的单株块茎数、单株质量、单薯质量、商品薯率等经济性状和干物质、淀粉、蛋白质、维生素C、还原糖进行综合分级评价。结果表明,同一条件生长的不同马铃薯品种其田间表现和采后营养品质均存在较大差异,参试的5个品种中,青薯10号的综合评价指数最高,说明其综合品质最好;其余品种按综合评价指数由高到低依次为定薯4号、天薯12号、庄薯3号、希森6号。研究结果可为马铃薯的贮藏加工提供参考依据。 相似文献
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~(60)Coγ射线诱变姬松茸突变株J_5子实体蛋白质营养价值的评价研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
对姬松茸突变株J5子实体蛋白质营养价值进行评价研究。结果表明 ,姬松茸突变株J5子实体蛋白质所含 9种人体必需氨基酸占氨基酸总量的 48 2 0 % ,其化学评分为 5 8 1 0 ,氨基酸评分为 88 60 ,必需氨基酸指数为 89 94,生物价为 86 2 9,营养指数为 2 9 1 5 ,均高于姬松茸原菌株J1子实体相对应的评价值 ,但氨基酸比值系数分 ( 39 48)则低于原菌株J1的相应值。整体评价证实 ,经60 Coγ射线辐射诱变后的姬松茸突变株J5子实体的蛋白质营养价值比原菌株J1高。 相似文献
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不同品种樱桃番茄氨基酸组成及风味分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为评价不同品种樱桃番茄的风味及营养价值,比较分析了8个品种樱桃番茄的可溶性固形物含量、总糖含量、有机酸含量、糖酸比、Vc含量、氨基酸含量和氨基酸组成。结果表明,红果樱桃番茄品种的部分风味指标(可溶性固形物、总糖、有机酸、Vc)、氨基酸组成及营养价值(总氨基酸、必需氨基酸含量及氨基酸模式谱)优于黄果品种,尤其是红果品种浙樱粉1号和浙樱红1号,其中,浙樱粉1号樱桃番茄可溶性固形物含量、总糖含量、有机酸含量、Vc含量、呈味类氨基酸(鲜味、甜味、芳香类)含量及氨基酸营养价值均处于较高水平。红果樱桃番茄品种之间的总糖含量、Vc含量,以及黄果樱桃番茄品种之间的有机酸含量、总氨基酸含量、必需氨基酸含量和甜味类氨基酸含量等指标均呈现出较低的变异系数。氨基酸营养价值分析表明,缬氨酸和亮氨酸是樱桃番茄的2个主要限制氨基酸。本研究结果为高品质樱桃番茄的品种选育提供了理论指导。 相似文献
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采用国际上通用的非生物学评价方法,研究了不同供锌水平对猪肚菇子实体蛋白质营养价值的影响,以期为猪肚菇栽培技术的改善和完善提供科学依据。结果表明,氨基酸总量以40mg·kg^-1处理的最高,其与对照差异达到显著（P〈0.05）,但与其他处理差异不显著（P〉0.05）;而Zn含量以10mg·kg^-1处理最高。营养综合评价结果显示,以浓度为30mg·kg^-1Zn处理的培养料栽培的猪肚菇子实体蛋白质营养价值评价的6项指标中氨基酸评分、必需氨基酸指数、氨基酸比值系数分和生物价分别为95.33、91.70、82.52和88.50,均居6种Zn处理之首,化学评分和营养指数分别为73.22和25.49,均居第3位。综合评价的结果显示,以浓度为30mg·kg^-1Zn处理的蛋白质营养价值最高。 相似文献
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Starch and gluten were isolated from 10 wheat cultivars or lines with varied amylose content. The rheological properties of 30% wheat flour gel, starch gel, and the gel of isolated gluten mixed with common starch were determined in dynamic mechanical testing under shear deformation, creep‐recovery, and compression tests under uniaxial compression. Variation of wheat samples measured as storage shear modulus (G′), loss shear modulus (G″), and loss tangent (tan δ = G″/G′) was similar between flour and starch gels and correlated significantly between flour and starch gel. The proportion of acetic acid soluble glutenin exhibited a significant relationship with tan δ of gluten‐starch mixture gel. The small difference in amylose content strongly affected the rheological parameters of flour gels in creep‐recovery measurement. Wheat flour gel with lower amylose content showed higher creep and recovery compliance that corresponded to the trend in starch gel. Compressive force of flour gel at 50 and 95% strain correlated significantly with that of starch gel. Gel mixed with the isolated gluten from waxy wheat lines appeared to have a weaker gel structure in dynamic viscoelasticity, creep‐recovery, and compression tests. Starch properties of were primarily responsible for rheological changes in wheat flour gel. 相似文献
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为探索不同虫态米象侵害对小麦蛋白品质的影响，该研究以米象侵害后的小麦为研究对象，对米象不同虫态（卵期、幼虫期、蛹期、成虫期）侵害后的小麦粗蛋白、尿酸、蛋白组分、湿面筋、面筋吸水量、乳酸溶剂保持力（solvent retention capacity，SRC）、蔗糖SRC、巯基（-SH）、二硫键（-S-S-）、蛋白质二级结构、面筋蛋白显微结构以及制成全麦面条的色泽和质构特性等进行测定与分析。结果表明，米象的侵害会使小麦蛋白的理化特性和形态结构变差。随着米象的生长发育，小麦籽粒中粗蛋白的含量显著上升，湿面筋、面筋吸水量，乳酸SRC、蔗糖SRC，- SH和- SS -的含量下降，小麦蛋白组分和二级结构比例发生显著变化(P<0.05)，小麦的食用品质和营养价值降低。面筋蛋白显微结构显示：随着米象在小麦籽粒内部生长发育，面筋表面粗糙程度加重，断裂面和毛刺增多，到达成虫期后，部分面筋结构已经严重断裂，无法识别。制成全麦面条后，面条的色泽加深，L*值、蒸煮损失率增大，a*值、b*值、硬度、黏附性、弹性、内聚性、咀嚼性和回复性降低。该试验结果进一步阐明了米象侵害后小麦品质的劣变机制，为小麦贮藏期间及虫蚀小麦的品质改良提供了一定的理论基础。 相似文献
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In some wheat‐growing countries, considerable quantities of commercial wheat are rendered unusable in standard baking because of preharvest damage of the grain by protease‐injecting bugs. In the present study, we studied the ability of transglutaminase (TG) treatment of damaged wheat flour to return the functionality of the gluten network. To confirm the TG cross‐linking, the degree of protein hydrolysis, the amount of free thiol groups, and the electrophoresis properties of glutenin subunits were determined. The effectiveness of the TG treatment on insect‐damaged wheat was analyzed by measuring the dough mixing behavior and the gluten quality. A decrease in the degree of hydrolysis (or free amino groups), a reduction in thiol group concentration, and a decrease of extractable high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW‐GS) (measured by high‐performance capillary electrophoresis) confirmed the protein cross‐linking catalyzed by TG, the simultaneous formation of disulfide bonds by the proximity of the cross‐linked polypeptide chains, and the formation of aggregates of high molecular weight. The TG treatment of the damaged wheat flour led to a recovery of the consistograph parameters and gluten index value, and the covalent nature of the bonds ensured the stability of the protein changes. 相似文献
14.
Alessandra Marti Xiaoxue Qiu Tonya C. Schoenfuss Koushik Seetharaman 《Cereal Chemistry》2015,92(5):434-440
Intermediate wheatgrass (IWG) (Thinopyrum intermedium) is a perennial grass with desirable agronomic traits and positive effects on the environment. It has high fiber and protein contents, which increase the interest in using IWG for human consumption. In this study, IWG flour was blended with refined wheat at four IWG‐to‐wheat ratios (0:100, 50:50, 75:25, and 100:0). Samples were analyzed for proximate composition, microstructure features, pasting properties (Micro Visco‐Amylo‐Graph device), protein solubility, and total and accessible thiols. Gluten aggregation properties (GlutoPeak tester) and mixing profile (Farinograph‐AT device) were also evaluated. IWG flour enrichment increased the pasting temperature and decreased the peak viscosity of blended flours. IWG proteins exhibited higher solubility than wheat, with a high amount of accessible and total thiols. The GlutoPeak tester highlighted the ability of IWG proteins to aggregate and generate torque. Higher IWG flour enrichment resulted in faster gluten aggregation with lower peak torque, suggesting weakening of wheat gluten strength. Finally, the addition of IWG to refined wheat flour resulted in a decrease in dough development time and an increase in consistency, likely because of the higher levels of fiber in IWG. The 50% IWG flour enrichment represents a good compromise between nutritional improvement and maintenance of the pasting properties, protein characteristics, and gluten aggregation kinetics. 相似文献
15.
Michelle M. Moore Tilman J. Schober Peter Dockery Elke K. Arendt 《Cereal Chemistry》2004,81(5):567-575
Studies were conducted with two newly developed gluten‐free bread recipes. One was based on corn starch (relative amount 54), brown rice (25), soya (12.5), and buckwheat flour (8.5), while the other contained brown rice flour (50), skim milk powder (37.5), whole egg (30), potato (25), and corn starch (12.5), and soya flour (12.5). The hydrocolloids used were xanthan gum (1.25) and xanthan (0.9) plus konjac gum (1.5), respectively. Wheat bread and gluten‐free bread made from commercial flour mix were included for comparison. Baking tests showed that wheat and the bread made from the commercial flour mix yielded significantly higher loaf volumes (P < 0.01). All the gluten‐free breads were brittle after two days of storage, detectable by the occurrence of fracture, and the decrease in springiness (P < 0.01), cohesiveness (P < 0.01), and resilience (P < 0.01) derived from texture profile analysis. However, these changes were generally less pronounced for the dairy‐based gluten‐free bread, indicating a better keeping quality. Confocal laser‐scanning microscopy showed that the dairy‐based gluten‐free bread crumb contained network‐like structures resembling the gluten network in wheat bread crumb. It was concluded that the formation of a continuous protein phase is critical for an improved keeping quality of gluten‐free bread. 相似文献
16.
为提高甘薯淀粉加工副产物的高值化利用水平,本试验以植物乳杆菌(Lp)、干酪乳杆菌(Lc)、保加利亚乳杆菌(Lb)、戊糖片球菌(Pp)、嗜热链球菌(St)、商业植物乳杆菌(SZ)6种乳酸菌分别对甘薯渣进行发酵,系统分析不同发酵产物的pH值、总酸含量及营养功能成分,并采用灰色理论加权关联度对甘薯渣发酵产物进行综合营养评价,筛选适宜发酵甘薯渣的乳酸菌菌种。结果表明,6种乳酸菌的发酵能力存在显著差异,其中Lb组pH值最低(3.15),Lc组总酸含量最高(27.90);同时,不同乳酸菌对发酵产物中营养功能成分的影响存在显著差异,其中Lb组乳酸含量最高(11.60 mg·mL-1),SZ组乙酸含量最高(66.99μg·mL-1),Lb组可溶性膳食纤维含量最高(0.74 g·100 mL-1),St组总酚含量最高(146.87μg GAE·mL-1)。与未发酵样品相比,Lc组游离氨基酸总量提高了3.71倍;所有发酵产物中的Mg、Ca、Fe、Zn、Se等矿物质元素含量均显著提高。进一步通过灰色理论加权关联度分析发现... 相似文献
17.
脱酰胺与双酶协同作用提高小麦面筋蛋白酶解效率 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
为了探讨了不同脱酰胺处理和双酶协同作用方式对小麦面筋蛋白酶解效率及其产物抗氧化活性的影响,该文研究了小麦面筋蛋白在各种预处理方式和酶解条件下的蛋白回收率、水解度、抗氧化性能及肽分子量分布情况。结果显示,单独热处理(90℃,30 min)小麦面筋蛋白对其酶解效率无显著影响,而采用添加0.5 mol/L柠檬酸溶液进行热处理(质量分数为5%,90℃,30 min)可显著(P0.05)提高其蛋白回收率。此外,酶制剂添加顺序及双酶共同水解作用时间对酶解效率均具有较大影响:加入谷氨酰胺酶预先水解对小麦面筋蛋白的深度水解有促进作用;一定时间内的双酶协同作用有利于酶解的进行,但较长时间的双酶作用反而会抑制酶解效率。采用谷氨酰胺酶(质量分数为0.2%)对经柠檬酸加热处理的小麦面筋蛋白作用12 h后再加入胰酶(质量分数为0.6%)共同作用7 h可使蛋白回收率达70.74%,水解度达到9.88%;另外,酶解产物的自由基清除能力ABTS+(2,2’-Azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate)+)值与氧化自由基吸收能力(ORAC,oxygen radical absorbance capacity)值分别达到478.95 mmol/g和213.85μmol/g,提示该酶解产物是一种潜在优秀食品抗氧化剂。研究结果可为拓宽小麦面筋蛋白的应用领域,以及高效制备抗氧化活性肽提供方法和理论指导。 相似文献
18.
The enzyme transglutaminase (TG) is known to have beneficial effects on breadmaking. However, only limited information is available on the structural changes of gluten proteins caused by TG treatment. The effect of TG has, therefore, been systematically studied by means of model peptides, suspensions of wheat flours and doughs. The treatment of synthetic peptides mimicking amino acid sequences of HMW subunits of glutenin with TG results in isopeptide bonds between glutamine and lysine residues. To study the effect on gluten proteins, different amounts of TG (0 to 900 mg enzyme protein per kg) were dissolved in a buffer and added to wheat flour. The flour suspensions were incubated and centrifuged and the residues were successively extracted with water, a salt solution, 60% aqueous ethanol (gliadin fraction) and SDS solution including a reducing agent (glutenin fraction). The characterization of the fractions by amino acid analysis, SDS‐PAGE, gel permeation HPLC and reversed‐phase HPLC has indicated that the quantity of extractable gliadins decreases by increasing TG amounts. Among gliadins, the ω5‐type was affected to the greatest extent by the reduction of extractability, followed by the ω1,2‐, α‐ and γ‐types. The oligomeric portion of the gliadin fractions (HMW gliadin) was strongly reduced when flour was treated with 450 and 900 mg TG per kg of flour, respectively. In the first instance, the quantity of the glutenin fractions increased by the treatment of flour with 90 and 450 mg TG per kg of flour, and significantly decreased by the treatment of flour with 900 mg TG per kg of flour. Parallel to an increase in TG concentration, the amounts of glutenin‐bound ω‐gliadins and HMW subunits were strongly reduced, whereas the LMW subunits reached a maximal amount after treatment with 450 mg TG per kg of flour. The insoluble residue was almost free of protein when flour was treated with lower amounts of TG. Higher amounts led to a great increase of protein in the residues. The effects of TG on doughs were similar to those of flour suspensions, but less strongly pronounced probably due to the lower water content of the dough system. Sequence analysis of peptides from a thermolytic digest of the insoluble residue revealed that HMW subunits of glutenin and α‐gliadins were predominantly involved in cross‐links formed by TG treatment. 相似文献
19.
Solvent retention capacity (SRC) technology, its history, principles, and applications are reviewed. Originally, SRC testing was created and developed for evaluating soft wheat flour functionality, but it has also been shown to be applicable to evaluating flour functionality for hard wheat products. SRC is a solvation test for flours that is based on the exaggerated swelling behavior of component polymer networks in selected individual diagnostic solvents. SRC provides a measure of solvent compatibility for the three functional polymeric components of flour—gluten, damaged starch, and pentosans—which in turn enables prediction of the functional contribution of each of these flour components to overall flour functionality and resulting finished‐product quality. The pattern of flour SRC values for the four diagnostic SRC solvents (water, dilute aqueous lactic acid, dilute aqueous sodium carbonate, and concentrated aqueous sucrose solutions), rather than any single individual SRC value, has been shown to be critical to various successful end‐use applications. Moreover, a new predictive SRC parameter, the gluten performance index (GPI), defined as GPI = lactic acid/(sodium carbonate + sucrose) SRC values, has been found to be an even better predictor of the overall performance of flour glutenin in the environment of other modulating networks of flour polymers. SRC technology is a unique diagnostic tool for predicting flour functionality, and its applications in soft wheat breeding, milling, and baking are increasing markedly as a consequence of many successful, recently published demonstrations of its extraordinary power and scope. 相似文献