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西北半干旱地区玉米土壤养分丰缺指标研究 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
对会宁县全膜双垄沟播玉米2007~2010年开展的"3414"田间肥效试验结果进行统计分析,研究了土壤有效养分含量与玉米相对产量之间的相关性,初步建立半干旱地区全膜双垄沟播玉米的土壤养分丰缺指标。结果表明,会宁县土壤碱解氮含量分3个等级,分别为低(43mg·kg~(-1))、较低(43~73mg·kg~(-1))和中(73~125mg·kg~(-1));土壤有效磷含量分5个等级,分别为低(7mg·kg~(-1))、较低(7~15mg·kg~(-1))、中(15~28mg·kg~(-1))、较高(28~35mg·kg~(-1))和高(35mg·kg~(-1));土壤速效钾含量分4个等级,分别为较低(119~172mg·kg~(-1))、中(172~250mg·kg~(-1))、较高(250~283mg·kg~(-1))、高(283mg·kg~(-1))。利用肥料效应函数,结合目标产量计算出不同肥力水平区间的推荐施肥量,每公顷半干旱区全膜双垄沟播玉米随地力等级从低到高以施N 266.1~185.1kg、P_2O_5132.2~95.1kg、K_2O 70~47.7kg,氮:磷:钾=1:0.62~0.43:0.38~0.25为宜。 相似文献
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腐植酸与氮肥互作对烤烟生长和氮素吸收的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用盆栽试验,研究了腐植酸的三个水平(H1:0 mg kg~(-1)、H2:300 mg kg~(-1)、H3:900 mg kg~(-1))与氮肥三个水平(N1:0mg kg~(-1)、N2:40 mg kg~(-1)、N3:120 mg kg~(-1))互作对烤烟品种中烟100生长和氮素吸收的影响。结果表明,腐植酸与氮肥互作对烤烟干物质和氮素积累的影响达到极显著水平(P0.01)。其中腐植酸用量H2、H3与氮肥N2、N3互作时,与H1N1(CK,不施肥)相比,H2N2、H2N3、H3N2、H3N3处理的烤烟干物质积累量分别提高了97.6%、89.7%、77.7%和114.4%,氮素积累量提高了1.7、1.2、1.1和2.0倍;H3(900 mg kg~(-1))与N3(120 mg kg~(-1))二者互作效果较好。 相似文献
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为探明干旱处理与氮磷肥合用后小麦产量和养分积累及分配的变化,在盆栽条件下,以中麦8为试材,在设置3个氮磷肥施用量的基础上,每施肥处理下于开花期再利用称重法设置水分适宜(W1,SRWC=75%)、轻度亏水(W2,SRWC=60%)和重度亏水(W3,SRWC=45%)3个土壤水分水平,研究了肥水调控对冬小麦产量、养分积累及籽粒蛋白质组分的影响。结果表明,与花后土壤水分适宜相比,花后轻度亏水与重度亏水产量分别降低9.73%和15.55%,籽粒氮素积累量降低了3.41%和13.64%,醇溶蛋白含量降低了0.1%和1.1%,穗粒数、千粒重、籽粒磷素积累量、养分收获指数、氮素利用效率、清蛋白含量亦有不同程度的降低,但磷素利用效率、球蛋白含量及谷/醇比呈相反的趋势变化,其中,磷素利用效率以W3最高,达81.76 g·g~(-1),显著高于W1和W2。增施氮磷肥,穗数、千粒重降低,籽粒养分积累量及其蛋白质组分含量增加,但养分利用效率及氮素收获指数降低,其中,与F1(N 120kg·hm~(-2),P_2O_596 kg·hm~(-2))相比,F2(N 180 kg·hm~(-2),P_2O_5144 kg·hm~(-2))和F3(N 240 kg·hm~(-2),P_2O_5192 kg·hm~(-2))产量分别降低了7.23%和7.69%。土壤适度亏水,增施氮磷肥降低了产量、籽粒氮素分配比例及养分利用效率和氮素收获指数,籽粒蛋白质组分含量及谷/醇比提高;土壤重度亏水,增施氮磷肥降低了磷素利用效率、氮素收获指数和清蛋白含量及谷/醇比,提高了产量、籽粒磷素分配比例及球蛋白和醇溶蛋白含量。本研究结果为小麦产量和品质领域研究奠定了一定的理论基础。 相似文献
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为探讨高蛋白大豆最佳水肥耦合模式,本研究以高蛋白大豆齐黄34为试验材料,采用均匀设计试验法,设置水分、氮、磷、钾4因素6组合处理,研究不同水肥耦合效应对高蛋白大豆生长发育、干物质积累及产量品质的影响,并以产量为结果,4个因素为反应因子,结合偏最小二乘回归(PLS)分析法对数据进行建模分析。结果表明,在水分过低(20%、36%)或过高(100%)下植株生育期均较长,在适宜水分(52%、64%)下生育期较短。主茎节数受水肥影响较小,有效荚数、荚长和有效分枝数在水分过高(100%)或过低(20%,36%)下均表现较低。不同水肥耦合效应对根、茎、叶片、叶柄、豆荚等器官中干物质积累量、籽粒中蛋白质及脂肪含量分配均有影响,过高或过低水肥处理(T1、T2、T6)均对干物质积累不利,适宜水肥处理(T3、T4)下,干物质积累明显增加,蛋白质和脂肪的含量相关系数为-0.93**,呈显著负相关。适宜水肥耦合(T3)下单株粒重、百粒重和单株籽粒数均表现最高,且单株粒重、百粒重和单株籽粒数与籽粒产量相关系数分别达到1.00**、0.98**、0.89**,均呈极显著正相关,表明良好的水肥条件会加速营养物质向籽粒的转移,进而增加粒数和粒重,提高籽粒产量。PLS建模分析表明,水分对大豆的生长影响大于施肥的影响,水分充足时增加施肥可提高大豆产量和株高,在水分含量为47.60%,施氮70 mg·kg~(-1),施磷100 mg·kg~(-1),施钾111.57 mg·kg~(-1)时,大豆最优产量为5 121.26 kg·hm~(-2),这与实测产量值大致相近,表明由模型优化出的预测值2符合实际生产要求。本研究为高蛋白大豆的优质高效生产提供了理论指导和技术支撑,也为均匀设计在农业领域的应用提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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减量施氮与间作大豆对华南地区甜玉米农田氮平衡的影响 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
本文在广东广州华南农业大学试验中心,通过大田定位试验(2015—2016年两年4季)对比了两种施氮水平[减量施氮(300 kg·hm~(-2),N1)和常规施氮(360 kg·hm~(-2),N2)]、3种种植模式[甜玉米单作(SS)、甜玉米//大豆2∶3间作(S2B3)、甜玉米//大豆2∶4间作(S2B4)]农田生态系统的氮素输入、输出和平衡状况,旨在为减少化学氮肥投入水平,提高氮素利用效率,在华南地区发展环境友好型的玉米可持续生产模式提供科学依据。结果表明:1)减量施氮与甜玉米//大豆间作降低了系统氮素总输入量,大豆固氮和秸秆还田降低了化肥氮输入的比重,与常规施氮相比,减量施氮下SS、S2B3和S2B4的化肥氮输入占年均氮素总输入的比例分别下降3.24%、3.64%和3.77%。2)间作大豆增加了系统籽粒氮素累积量,N1和N2处理甜玉米//大豆间作的年均籽粒氮素累积量分别是单作甜玉米的2.43倍和2.18倍;减量施氮与甜玉米//大豆间作能降低甜玉米农田氮素损失,N1和N2处理甜玉米//大豆间作的年均氨挥发量分别比单作甜玉米低39.02%和27.26%;间作甜玉米的氮淋溶量比单作低13.85%。3)减量施氮与间作大豆显著降低了系统氮素盈余量,S2B3-N1、S2B3-N2和S2B4-N1、S2B4-N2年均氮素盈余量分别为71.03 kg·hm~(-2)、133.7 kg·hm~(-2)和42.87 kg·hm~(-2)、100.64 kg·hm~(-2),分别比SS处理N1和N2的平均值减少81.27%、64.75%和88.69%、73.47%。因此,减量施氮甜玉米//大豆间作模式能维持系统作物产量、减少生产成本、降低环境污染风险,具有较高的经济和生态效益。 相似文献
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氮肥底追比例及施硫对小麦氮素吸收利用的调控 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为明确氮肥底追比例与施硫间的互作效应,采用盆栽方式,以京冬8号和济麦20为供试材料,设置氮肥底追比例为3∶7(N_1)、5∶5(N_2)和7∶3(N_3)3个处理水平,每个底追比例下设置2个硫肥施用量:0kg·hm~(-2)(S0)和45kg·hm~(-2)(S_1),运用15N示踪技术研究开花期、成熟期营养器官及籽粒中氮素积累、分配以及对不同来源氮素利用的情况,同时对花后营养器官贮藏氮素的转运、对籽粒的贡献率及氮素利用效率进行分析比较。结果表明,2个小麦品种植株中积累氮素主要来自肥料氮,京冬8号成熟期来自肥料氮的积累量达60%~70%,而济麦20则达70%~80%。氮肥底追比例及硫肥互作对2个品种氮素吸收、转运和分配的影响存在差异,其中京冬8号成熟期籽粒氮素积累量、营养器官贮藏氮素花后的转运量、转运率、对籽粒的贡献率、籽粒产量以及氮肥的利用效率均在N_1S_0时较高;济麦20营养器官贮藏氮素花后的转运量、转运率、对籽粒的贡献率在N1S0时较高,而在N3S1时,成熟期籽粒氮素积累量、籽粒产量、氮肥的利用效率均较高。综上所述,本试验栽培环境下,氮肥底追比例为N1时能够提高花前贮藏氮素的转运量、转运率、对籽粒的贡献率、籽粒蛋白质含量及氮素收获指数;氮肥底追比例为N3时有利于提高籽粒产量、氮肥生产效率。综合考虑籽粒产量、氮肥生产效率、氮肥利用效率和氮素收获指数,京冬8号最优肥料组合为N_1S_0,济麦20最优肥料组合为N_3S_1。本研究结果为冬小麦大田生产中合理的肥料运筹提供了理论参考。 相似文献
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施硫对不同筋力型品种小麦碳氮运转和产量的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在大田条件下,研究了不同施硫水平对不同筋力类型品种植株C-N积累与转运规律和籽粒产量及蛋白质、淀粉含量的影响.结果表明,施硫处理提高了两品种成熟期单茎籽粒重和籽粒氮素的积累量和开花前营养器官贮存干物质和氮素的转运量以及转运干物质和氮素对籽粒重和籽粒氮素积累的贡献率,与不施硫对照(S0)相比,每1 hm2施20 kg纯S(S1)处理能明显提高两品种的产量构成因素,显著提高籽粒产量,两品种分别增产10.69%和9.78%,同时极显著地提高了籽粒蛋白质和淀粉含量.大量施用硫肥(100 kg/hm2)处理的效果小于适量施用(20 kg/hm2)处理.试验结果表明,施用适量硫肥可以明显调节小麦植株C-N积累与运转,进而促进较高的籽粒产量和蛋白质、淀粉的积累. 相似文献
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为探究生物糖氮肥和尿素2种类型氮肥对大豆根瘤的调控效应,以合丰55为试验材料,设置4个处理,即:生物糖氮肥150 kg·hm-2(N1)、生物糖氮肥225 kg·hm-2(N2)、尿素150 kg·hm-2(N3)、尿素75 kg·hm-2(N4),采用随机区组设计,研究不同类型氮肥对大豆根瘤数量、根瘤干重、根系干重、地上部干物重和有效根瘤的影响。结果表明,不同处理对大豆籽粒产量的影响依次为N1N2N4N3,且各处理间差异达到极显著水平。N1的大豆籽粒产量比N2、N3、N4分别高6.24%、21.57%、9.39%。N1的根瘤数量、根瘤干重、根系干重、地上部干物重以及有效根瘤最高,最终籽粒产量最高。因此,生物糖氮肥对大豆根瘤生长发育起促进作用,进而提高大豆产量。本研究为大豆氮素营养调控和高产施肥提供了理论参考。 相似文献
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为探明山西省红芸豆的氮素需求规律与分配特征,并明确其适宜施氮量,以‘英国红’为试验材料,通过田间试验,系统监测了不同生育时期红芸豆干物质和养分的累积与分配特征,并研究了氮肥施用水平对红芸豆产量、氮素利用效率的影响。分别在山西省中部农业科学院东阳试验基地和西部地区岢岚县曹家沟村进行试验。东阳试验基地设置了4个氮水平(kg·hm~(-2))处理,分别为0(N1)、60(N2)、120(N3)和180 (N4);岢岚县曹家沟村设置5个氮水平(kg·hm~(-2))处理,分别为0 (N1)、60 (N2)、120 (N3)、180 (N4)和240 (N5)。结果表明,红芸豆在不同氮肥处理间籽粒产量、生物量和氮素累积量均表现出显著差异:籽粒产量随氮肥施用量的增加呈单峰曲线变化,两个试验点均表现为N3处理产量最高,分别为2 359.89 kg·hm~(-2)和2 452.26 kg·hm~(-2),产量差异主要来自百粒重;干物质累积随生育进程呈现"慢—快—慢"的增长趋势,两个试验点均表现出N3处理单株籽粒所占总干物质比重最高,分别为49.97%与47.65%;植株氮素累积与分配与干物质累积的变化趋势大致相同,两个试验点单株籽粒最高含氮量分别在N4(东阳)和N3(岢岚)处理,分别为每株0.72 g和0.99 g。说明合理的氮肥施用可以提高籽粒的干物质累积量和氮素的转运效率,显著提高了红芸豆植株干物质向籽粒中的转移率,增加了植株对氮素的吸收和转运能力。山西省中部地区红芸豆推荐氮肥施用量为110.36kg·hm~(-2),西部地区为126.31 kg·hm~(-2)。 相似文献
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【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
13.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
14.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
15.
Grete Skrede Berit Karoline Martinsen Anne-Berit Wold Stein-Erik Birkeland Kjersti Aaby 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):193-208
Abstract A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species. 相似文献
16.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7):865-877
Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L?1 nitric acid (HNO3) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L?1 ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) and 1.0 mol L?1 HNO3 extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils. 相似文献
17.
Electron donor and pH relationships for biologically enhanced dissolution of chlorinated solvent DNAPL in groundwater 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Biologically enhanced dissolution offers a method to speed removal of chlorinated solvent dense non-aqueous-phase liquid (DNAPL) sources such as tetrachloroethene (PCE) and trichoroethene (TCE) from aquifers. Bioremediation is accomplished by adding an electron donor to the source zone where fermentation to intermediates leading to acetic acid and hydrogen results. The hydrogen and possibly acetic acid are used by dehalogenating bacteria to convert PCE and TCE to ethene and hydrochloric acid. Reductive dehalogenation is thus an acid forming process, and sufficient alkalinity must be present to maintain a near neutral pH. The bicarbonate alkalinity required to maintain pH above 6.5 is a function of the electron donor: 800 mg/L of bicarbonate alkalinity is sufficient to achieve about 1.2 mM TCE dechlorination with glucose, 1.7 mM with lactate, and a much higher 3.3 mM with formate. Laboratory studies indicate that in mixed culture, formate can be used as an electron donor for complete conversion to ethene, contrary to pure cultures studies indicating it cannot. Various strategies can be used to add electron donor to an aquifer for DNAPL dehalogenation while minimizing pH problems and excessive electron donor usage, including use of injection-extraction wells, dual recirculation wells, and nested injection-extraction wells. 相似文献
18.
Aleš Lebeda Ivana Doležalová Eva Křístková Barbora Mieslerová 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(2):153-164
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions. 相似文献
19.
Y. Bashan J. J. Bustillos L. A. Leyva J.-P. Hernandez M. Bacilio 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2006,42(4):279-285
Inoculation of wheat seedlings with the plant growth-promoting bacterium Azospirillum brasilense Cd was immobilized in alginate microbeads and, without applying any stress, significantly increased the quantity of several
photosynthetic pigments, such as chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and the auxiliary photoprotective pigments violaxanthin, zeaxanthin, antheroxanthin, lutein, neoxanthin, and β-carotene.
This resulted in greener plants with no apparent visible stress. After monitoring the quantity of photosynthetic pigments
for 4 weeks, we observed that inoculated plants had higher quantities of pigments in shoot and stem. The greatest difference
in the quantity of all pigments between inoculated and noninoculated plants occurred in the first week of growth. Regardless
of treatment, the quantity of pigments in stems was three to four times less than the quantity of these pigments in shoots.
Application of Azospirillum, either as liquid inoculant or as alginate microbeads, did not alter the positive effect of the bacteria on pigment production
or the positive response of the plants towards A. brasilense Cd inoculation. 相似文献
20.
Three slow-growing legume trees used for desert reforestation and urban gardening in the Sonoran Desert of Northwestern Mexico
and the Southwestern USA were evaluated whether their growth can be promoted by inoculation with plant growth-promoting bacteria
(Azospirillum brasilense and Bacillus pumilus), unidentified arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi (mainly Glomus sp.), and supplementation with common compost under regular screenhouse cultivation common to these trees in nurseries. Mesquite
amargo (Prosopis articulata) and yellow palo verde (Parkinsonia microphylla) had different positive responses to several of the parameters tested while blue palo verde (Parkinsonia florida) did not respond. Survival of all tree species was over 80% and survival of mesquite was almost 100% after 10 months of cultivation.
Inoculation with growth-promoting microorganisms induced significant effects on the leaf gas exchange of these trees, measured
as transpiration and diffusive resistance, when these trees were cultivated without water restrictions. 相似文献