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1.
为培育耐草甘膦水稻新品种,本研究以5份辐射和化学诱变育成的耐草甘膦水稻种质为试验材料,进行草甘膦耐性浓度筛选和抗性生理指标测定。结果表明,通过对5份耐草甘膦水稻种质喷施不同浓度(1、2、3和4 g·L-1)的草甘膦,发现喷施4 g·L-1草甘膦可使敏感材料P1003全部死亡,能较好地区分草甘膦耐性和敏感材料;CA21是其中草甘膦耐性最强的水稻种质;随着草甘膦浓度的增加,CA21的莽草酸含量呈下降趋势,丙二醛(MDA)和叶绿素含量则无显著变化,但谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GSTs)活性显著增加;随着3 g·L-1草甘膦处理时间的延长,CA21的莽草酸含量无明显变化,MDA和叶绿素含量均呈下降趋势,GSTs活性显著增加。而敏感材料P1003,无论是随着草甘膦浓度的增加,或是随着3g·L-1草甘膦处理时间的延长,其莽草酸和MDA含量均明显增加,叶绿素含量明显下降,GSTs活性则无明显变化。综上,CA21具有耐草甘膦的生理特性,可用于草甘膦耐性分子机制或育种方面的研究。本研究为进一步解析水稻耐草甘膦的分子机理及耐草甘膦水稻育种提供了理论依据。 相似文献
2.
为筛选耐草甘膦野生大豆种质并了解其耐性机制,本试验对采集于冀东地区的862份野生大豆进行了草甘膦的耐性鉴定。在草甘膦处理后,测定了高耐和敏感材料的莽草酸、丙二醛和叶绿素含量,过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,以及草甘膦相关基因EPSPS表达量。结果显示,喷施草甘膦后,862份野生大豆材料中,药害等级在4级以上的材料占82.84%,3级占9.51%,2级占4.87%,1级占2.78%。筛选到高耐草甘膦的野生大豆材料Yong-33,其在1.125 kg a.i·hm-2 草甘膦处理后植株存活率达到96.67%。经草甘膦处理后,与对照相比,高耐材料的叶绿素、丙二醛和莽草酸含量在检测的各时间点均无显著差异,敏感材料叶绿素含量显著降低,丙二醛和莽草酸含量显著升高;高耐材料POD、CAT和SOD活性以及EPSPS基因表达量均显著升高,而敏感材料酶活性及EPSPS基因表达量无显著差异。以上结果表明,野生大豆中存在高耐草甘膦的种质资源,在草甘膦处理后其植株内活性氧清除酶系活性升高,EPSPE基因上调表达,推测这是野生大豆对草甘膦耐性较好的原因。本研究筛选到的耐草甘膦野生大豆材料可为培育耐草甘膦栽培大豆新品种提供种质资源。 相似文献
3.
不同锌水平对低剂量镉在水稻中迁移能力的影响 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
本研究利用水稻作为供试植物,在轻度镉(Cd)污染[镉浓度分别为0 mg·L~(-1)、0.01 mg·L~(-1)(低剂量)、0.03 mg·L~(-1)(中剂量)、0.09 mg·L~(-1)(高剂量)]水培条件下,通过外源添加不同剂量锌(Zn,浓度分别为0 mg·L~(-1)、0.025 mg·L~(-1)、0.05 mg·L~(-1)、0.1 mg·L~(-1)、0.2 mg·L~(-1))研究水稻生物量变化及Cd在水稻体内分布和迁移,探索Zn、Cd间的相互关系,并筛选治理水稻Cd污染的最适外源Zn浓度。结果表明,施加外源Zn水稻根茎叶的生物量均有所增加,且Zn浓度为0.05 mg·L~(-1)效果最显著。缺Zn条件(0 mg·L~(-1))下,水稻根细胞质和细胞壁中的Cd含量比值随外源Cd浓度增加而降低;加入外源Zn后,细胞质与细胞壁中Cd含量比值有上升趋势,0.03 mg·L~(-1) Cd水平下变化显著。中低剂量(0.01~0.03 mg·L~(-1))Cd水平下,施加Zn可降低水稻根部对Cd的吸收和转运。其中Zn浓度为0.05 mg·L~(-1)时,水稻根、茎、叶中的Cd含量下降最为显著,分别下降38%、71%、65%(低剂量Cd)和44%、79%、69%(中剂量Cd),且水稻根与茎、根与叶的转移系数分别降低53%和44%(低剂量Cd)、62%和40%(中剂量Cd);而后随Zn浓度增加水稻各部位Cd含量及转移系数无显著变化。在高剂量Cd环境下,施加外源Zn对水稻根、茎、叶Cd含量没有显著的抑制作用。因此,在中低剂量的Cd污染条件下,Zn、Cd间存在明显的拮抗作用,且外源添加0.05 mg·L~(-1) Zn是降低水稻Cd吸收迁移及增加水稻产量的最适浓度。 相似文献
4.
肌原纤维蛋白浓度对风味物质吸附能力的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探究肌原纤维蛋白浓度对风味物质的作用机制,本研究建立了肌原纤维蛋白和风味物质作用的复合体系,研究了不同浓度肌原纤维蛋白对17种典型风味化合物吸附能力的影响。结果表明,风味化合物的种类对肌原纤维蛋白的吸附能力有显著影响,一定浓度的蛋白对醛、酮、醇、酯的吸附作用强弱依次为:醛类酯类酮类醇类。蛋白浓度由2 mg·m L~(-1)增加至4 mg·m L~(-1)时,对所有风味化合物吸附作用显著增强;由4 mg·m L~(-1)增加至6 mg·m L~(-1)时,蛋白对2-甲基丁醛、戊醛、己醛、丁酸乙酯吸附作用明显增强,而当蛋白浓度由6 mg·m L~(-1)增加至8 mg·m L~(-1)时,肌原纤维蛋白对所有风味化合物的吸附作用都明显减弱。蛋白对风味化合物的吸附能力的增加可能是由于较高的蛋白质浓度改变了风味化合物在气、液两相间的分配系数;然而过高浓度的蛋白对风味物质吸附能力的削弱则是蛋白质之间相互作用增强或表面张力降低的结果。本研究结果为肉类风味感知研究过程中确定蛋白浓度、挥发性风味化合物种类等关键参数和改善蛋白类食品的风味提供了参考。 相似文献
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为筛选巨大口蘑菌丝生长的最优培养基,从采集自云南临沧的野生口蘑子实体中分离获得菌株YAASM4295,利用形态学与ITS序列分析的方法对其进行分类学鉴定;并以不同的无机盐为基础,通过单因素试验,各筛选出2种大量元素和微量元素,采用L9(34)正交试验设计,分析4种无机盐及其正交组合对该菌菌丝生长的影响。结果表明,采集到的菌株为巨大口蘑,供试无机盐对其菌丝生长在不同程度上均有促进作用,其中0.1 mg·m L~(-1)MgSO_4、0.1 mg·m L~(-1)K_2HPO_4、0.05 mg·L~(-1)CoCl_2、0.05 mg·L~(-1)Mn Cl_2对该菌生长与生长势的促进作用最大,且与其它处理相比达到了极显著水平。4种无机盐协同作用对该菌菌丝生长影响的大小依次为Mg SO4CoCl_2MnCl_2K2HPO4;最佳组合为0.2 mg·m L~(-1)Mg SO4+0.1 mg·m L~(-1)K_2HPO_4+0.01 mg·L~(-1)MnCl_2+0.01 mg·L~(-1)CoCl_2。综上,该野生巨大口蘑菌株在各无机盐培养基组合之间的菌丝生长速度差异极显著,不同组合间有明显的交互作用,这为其优质栽培提供了理论依据。 相似文献
6.
为探究不同植物学类型花生资源对草甘膦的耐受性差异,本研究以54份花生资源为试验材料,对6个植物学类型花生资源进行了分析。结果表明,草甘膦的最适剂量为2.0 kg·a.i·hm~(-2),且不同植物学类型的花生资源对草甘膦的耐受性表现不同。普通型花生对草甘膦的耐性最强,受害指数为67.14,其次为多粒型、珍珠豆型和龙生型,受害指数分别为71.43、82.00和82.86,赤道型和秘鲁型对草甘膦的耐性最弱,受害指数均达86.67。筛选出的耐性资源、敏感资源生理指标测定结果表明,处理后7d时,敏感资源的莽草酸积累量均高于耐性资源,分别在145.15~162.32μg·g-1和76.81~104.33μg·g-1之间;耐性资源的叶绿素含量均高于敏感资源,分别在34.92~43.99 SPAD和24.76~26.85SPAD之间;在超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水平上耐性资源、敏感资源间差异不显著。本研究为耐草甘膦花生育种提供了理论依据。 相似文献
7.
为揭示生姜脱毒苗生长过程中的需肥规律,优选原原种繁殖的施肥配方,试验以"永福"生姜脱毒苗为材料,采用L_9 (3~4)正交试验设计方法,研究了不同NPK配比对盆栽生姜脱毒苗生长及根茎鲜重的影响。结果表明,脱毒苗整个生育期内对N、P、K的需求呈上升趋势,生长前期以喷施较低浓度效果较好,N、P、K的最佳施用浓度为N 60 mg·L~(-1)、P 20 mg·L~(-1)、K 100 mg·L~(-1),植株分枝数、株高、叶片增长数和根茎鲜重均达到较高值,随着喷施浓度增加,脱毒苗出现黄化和枯尖现象;相关性分析表明生姜脱毒苗生长前期分枝数、株高、叶片增长数与根茎鲜重的生长均呈极显著正相关,相关系数为0.94～0.97。生长后期试验最佳施用浓度是N 200 mg·L~(-1)、K_200 mg·L~(-1),理论最佳N、K施用浓度为N 250 mg·L~(-1)、K 200 mg·L~(-1)。综上,适宜生姜原原种繁殖的前期最佳N、P、K施用浓度为N 60 mg·L~(-1)、P 20 mg·L~(-1)、K 100 mg·L~(-1)[ρ(N)∶ρ(P)∶ρ(K)=3∶1∶5];后期最佳施用浓度为N 200 mg·L~(-1)、K 200 mg·L~(-1)[ρ(N)∶ρ(K)=1∶1],理论最佳浓度为N 250 mg·L~(-1)、K 200 mg·L~(-1)[ρ(N)∶ρ(K)=5∶4]。 相似文献
8.
纳米氧化锌对玉米种子萌发及根系碳代谢的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
《土壤与作物》2020,(1)
作为一种纳米金属氧化物,纳米氧化锌(ZnO nanoparticles,ZnO NPs)因其独特的物理性质和较大的比表面积,逐渐在农业领域得到应用。为了探究纳米氧化锌对玉米生长的影响,设置了7个不同浓度的纳米氧化锌悬浮液(10 mg·L~(-1)、20 mg·L~(-1)、50 mg·L~(-1)、100 mg·L~(-1)、200 mg·L~(-1)、500 mg·L~(-1)和1 000 mg·L~(-1)),采用震荡浸种的方法,研究了纳米氧化锌对种子萌发及玉米碳代谢的影响。结果表明,低浓度(20 mg·L~(-1)、50 mg·L~(-1)和100 mg·L~(-1))纳米氧化锌缩短了种子发芽的时间,提高了种子的平均发芽速度,其中,浓度为50 mg·L~(-1)时,平均发芽速度最快。玉米种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数及活力指数均随着纳米氧化锌浓度的升高呈先升高后降低的趋势,并在50 mg·L~(-1)时达到最高;低浓度(50 mg·L~(-1)和100 mg·L~(-1))的纳米氧化锌显著增加了根系及胚芽的生长和伸长,这有利于生物量的积累。此外,纳米氧化锌(50 mg·L~(-1))显著增加了根系己糖激酶和脲苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶活性,降低了醛缩酶活性,为种子萌发生长提供代谢产物和能量。50 mg·L~(-1)纳米氧化锌震荡浸种促进了糖酵解代谢和细胞壁的生物合成过程,有利于促进种子萌发,提高幼苗活力。 相似文献
9.
为培育高抗草甘膦棉花,本研究以转G10eve基因棉花为试验材料,通过室内鉴定结合大田试验,筛选高抗、稳定遗传的转基因株系。结果表明,幼苗期喷施不同浓度草甘膦,转基因株系L91抗性水平高于L152,抗性表现稳定,且根、茎、叶间莽草酸积累量差异明显,在叶片中相对含量最高。不同浓度草甘膦处理后,内源EPSPS基因相对表达量呈先升高后降低的趋势,在受体Coker 312中基因相对表达量显著高于转基因株系,表明转G10eve基因可以提高棉花的草甘膦抗性水平。大田试验表明,L91和商业化品种AuR可耐受20 mL·L~(-1)草甘膦。幼苗期喷施草甘膦后,L91株系的株高、果枝数、有效铃数相对于未喷施条件下(对照组)有所增加;AuR的各农艺性状指标与对照组差异不显著;花期喷施不高于20mL·L~(-1)草甘膦,L91和AuR棉花的株高、果枝数、有效铃数均未受抑制,表明,L91株系能够满足生产要求。本研究鉴定筛选得到高抗草甘膦L91转基因株系,为培育抗除草剂棉花新品种提供了种质资源。 相似文献
10.
以夏季山药藤条作为试验材料,研究生长调节剂NAA(浓度100, 150, 200 mg·L~(-1))和IBA(浓度50, 100, 150 mg·L~(-1))溶液浸泡山药藤条3 h,生根粉(2, 3, 4 mg·mL~(-1))溶液浸泡山药藤条5 h对山药扦插生根效果的影响。结果表明:1)山药藤条的生根率、成活率、总根长等各项数据随着NAA和IBA溶液浓度降低而升高,其中浓度为50 mg·L~(-1)的IBA溶液处理的山药藤条生根率最高,为28.3%,而其他处理,即NAA(浓度200, 150, 100 mg·L~(-1))和IBA(浓度150, 100 mg·L~(-1))溶液因浓度太高,生根被抑制,扦插生根效果欠佳,为5.0%～21.6%,低于清水对照;2)用浓度为3 mg·mL~(-1)的生根粉溶液浸泡5 h的藤条生根率、成活率最好,而用浓度为2 mg·mL~(-1)和4 mg·mL~(-1)的生根粉溶液浸泡的藤条生根率相对较低,但也高于清水处理,表明生根粉溶液浸泡能促进山药藤条生根。 相似文献
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【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
13.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
14.
Aleš Lebeda Ivana Doležalová Eva Křístková Barbora Mieslerová 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(2):153-164
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions. 相似文献
15.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
16.
Thomas Larsen Jesper Luxhøi Jakob Magid Lars Stoumann Jensen Paul Henning Krogh 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2007,44(1):59-68
We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization
and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition
with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the
decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots
with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass,
soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration,
N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially
(<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation
in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils,
indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but
the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation
for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community
performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea. 相似文献
17.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(7)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
18.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(6)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
19.
Grete Skrede Berit Karoline Martinsen Anne-Berit Wold Stein-Erik Birkeland Kjersti Aaby 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):193-208
Abstract A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species. 相似文献
20.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7):865-877
Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L?1 nitric acid (HNO3) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L?1 ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) and 1.0 mol L?1 HNO3 extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils. 相似文献