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1.
模糊评判优化水酶法提取膨化大豆油脂和蛋白 总被引：11，自引：2，他引：9
针对水酶法同时提取大豆油与蛋白时,两种目标对工艺参数的优化有差别,因此应用模糊综合评判法对工艺参数进行双目标综合优化,得到同时兼顾高油脂提取率与高蛋白提取率的酶解工艺参数。其结果为：加酶量1.85%,酶解温度50℃,酶解时间3.6 h,料液比1︰6,pH值为9。此时,油脂提取率为92.76%左右,蛋白提取率为93.81%左右。利用扫描电子显微镜、能谱分析以及显微切片分别就蛋白水解状态对油脂释放影响机理进行了研究。通过研究可知,挤压膨化再粉碎后的大豆粉水解过程中油脂的释放取决于蛋白水解状态,经过挤压膨化后大豆细胞结构已经被较充分破坏,而大豆油脂与蛋白的作用没有被完全破坏,所以需要把蛋白充分水解才能使油脂释放聚集,因此挤压膨化后水酶法可以兼顾得到高油脂提取率和高蛋白提取率。 相似文献
2.
水酶法提取大豆油脂的中试研究 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
为了提高水酶法油脂提取率,该文进行水酶法提取大豆油脂的中试和循环酶解试验,验证小试和扩大试验的酶解和破乳参数对中试油脂提取率的影响,并研究循环酶解过程中循环次数及酶添加量对油脂提取率影响和中试工艺中大豆油脂的品质。以大豆为原料,由水酶法提取大豆油的中试得出:脱皮大豆比未脱皮大豆有助于提高油脂提取率和破乳率(P0.05,油脂提取率:脱皮61.85%,未脱皮56.91%;破乳率:脱皮92.01%,未脱皮90.42%)。通过主成分分析可知:大豆油脂的质量分数、离心后游离油和乳状液的质量分数、蛋白质的质量分数和乳状液中水分都是影响油脂提取率的关键因素。采用中试工艺1(1次提取,2次离心,1次破乳)进行循环酶解,随着循环试验次数增加,油脂提取率逐渐增大,在第4次时达到最大值66.46%±0.28%。通过检测大豆油脂的特征值可知:水酶法提取的大豆油脂的酸值、过氧化值、磷含量显著低于溶剂浸提法(P0.05),说明水酶法提取的大豆油品质高于溶剂浸提法,并且除水分和挥发物质量分数外,其他指标均符合国家三级大豆油标准。研究结果为产业化推广提供了理论参考。 相似文献
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4.
为提高南瓜籽油的出油率和出油品质,采用水酶法建立一种南瓜籽油提取新工艺,通过单因素试验和正交试验优化提取工艺条件,并对南瓜籽油的理化性质和主要营养组份进行了分析。研究结果表明,水酶法提取南瓜籽油的最佳工艺条件为：复合酶配比1:6:6（蛋白酶:纤维素酶:果胶酶）、复合加酶量1.2%、酶解pH为4.0、酶解温度48℃、酶解时间3h,南瓜籽出油率为38.34%。对比超临界CO2提取法出油率32.90%和超声波溶剂法出油率44.60%,使用水酶法出油率较高,所提取的南瓜籽油色泽明亮,澄清透明,富含不饱和脂肪酸、植物甾醇和维生素E等营养成分,其理化性质优于其他两种方法提取的油脂,各项指标均达到了国家食用油标准,是具有特殊功能的营养保健油源。 相似文献
5.
为优化辣木籽油脂的微波提取工艺并分析其油脂的营养价值,以辣木籽为原料,采用微波辅助提取技术优化辣木籽油脂的提取工艺,并通过傅里叶红外光谱、核磁共振碳谱及气相色谱-质谱技术对辣木籽油脂的脂质组成和脂肪酸组成进行分析。结果表明,辣木籽油脂的最佳提取工艺条件为提取溶剂二氯甲烷-甲醇(3∶2,v/v)、液料比7 m L·g~(-1)、提取时间10 min、提取温度70℃,在此优化条件下,辣木籽的油脂提取率为38.43%。辣木籽油脂的主要成分为甘油三酯,脂肪酸以油酸(C18∶1n-9,75.77%)、山嵛酸(C22∶0,6.74%)、棕榈酸(C16∶0,6.04%)和亚油酸(C18∶2n-6,5.30%)为主,是典型的高油酸型油脂,具有较高的营养价值和脂质开发潜力。本研究为辣木籽油脂的微波提取、营养评价和开发提供了一定的理论依据。 相似文献
6.
南瓜籽油的水酶法提取工艺及产品的理化性质 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
为提高南瓜籽油的出油率和出油品质,采用水酶法建立南瓜籽油提取工艺,通过单因素试验和正交试验优化提取工艺条件,并对南瓜籽油的理化性质和主要营养组分进行了分析。研究结果表明,水酶法提取南瓜籽油的较佳工艺条件为：复合酶配比1∶6∶6（酸性蛋白酶∶纤维素酶∶果胶酶）、复合加酶量1.2%、酶解pH值为4.0、酶解温度48℃、酶解时间3 h,南瓜籽出油率为38.34%。对比超临界CO2提取法出油率32.90%和超声波溶剂法出油率44.60%,使用水酶法出油率较高,所提取的南瓜籽油色泽明亮,澄清透明,富含不饱和脂肪酸、植物甾醇和维生素E等营养成分,其理化性质优于其他2种方法提取的油脂,各项指标均达到了国家食用油标准,是具有特殊功能的营养保健油源。 相似文献
7.
为了提高美藤果油的提取率以及油的品质,该文以美藤果为原料,比较了水酶法、超临界CO2萃取法、超声波辅助有机溶剂萃取法和低温冷榨法这4种不同的提取方法对美藤果油提取率和油品质的影响;并采用气相色谱-质谱联用法（gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer-computer, GC-MS）和高效液相色谱法（high performance liquid chromatography, HPLC）测定美藤果油的营养组成,以及以1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical 2,2-Diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl) hydrazyl,DPPH?自由基）清除率为指标比较了美藤果油与其他植物油的体外抗氧化活性。结果表明：4种提取方法中,水酶法和超声波辅助有机溶剂提取法油脂提取率较高,分别为95.1%和92.7%,其次为超临界萃取法,为86.44%。但超临界CO2萃取法提取出的油脂综合理化指标优于其他３种提取方法,其中水酶法提取出的油不溶性杂质、酸价、过氧化值和黄色值都低于超声波辅助有机溶剂萃取法和低温冷榨法,但感官品质最差。综合考虑得出：超临界萃取法为美藤果油较佳的提取方法。此方法提取的美藤果油中富含不饱和脂肪酸和生育酚、多酚等活性成分,不饱和脂肪酸质量分数高达92.37%,总生育酚和总多酚质量分数分别为59.2 mg/(100 g)、10.2 mg/(100 g),但不含有维生素A;美藤果油对DPPH·自由基的半数抑制率IC50为1.148 mg/mL,明显低于橄榄油、茶油、亚麻籽油和紫苏油（P<0.01）,说明美藤果油体外抗氧化能力较强。研究结果可为美藤果油进一步开发提供参考。 相似文献
8.
本研究在优化的培养基接种枯草芽孢杆菌发酵培养42h,通过测定此发酵液中含有碱性和中性两种蛋白酶,其酶液通过透析浓缩后,接入膨化豆粉提取油脂和蛋白,通过对酶解条件的优化,实验证实当温度55℃,料液比1：7,起始pH10的条件下水解6h,总油提取率有最大值,达到了93.5%,总蛋白提取率为88.7%,跟纯酶提取相比, 总油提取率高出1个百分点, 总蛋白提取率低了2个百分点,其水解蛋白分子量更小,范围分布更广。 相似文献
9.
酶解法提取黑木耳中胶原蛋白的工艺优化 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了提高提取黑木耳中胶原蛋白得率,研究黑木耳中胶原蛋白提取工艺路线优化酶法提取的最适条件,采用单因素试验与多元线性回归试验设计相结合的试验方法,经过数据计算统计分析,由回归方程可知,在一定范围内得率与pH值呈正相关,与液料比呈正相关,与酶添加量呈负相关,与酶解时间呈负相关,得出优化工艺参数为:采用胰蛋白酶,酶解pH值为8.0,液料比为52.5:1mL/g,酶添加量为8%,酶解时间为2h,其中在此条件下从黑木耳中提取胶原蛋白得率达到1.091%。研究结果为植物性胶原蛋白制备提供了参考。 相似文献
10.
酶解法提取胡芦巴种子中薯蓣皂苷元的工艺研究 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11
研究了酶解结合水浸提法从脱脂胡芦巴种子中提取薯蓣皂苷元的工艺.以薯蓣皂苷元的提取率为指标,优化了该法制备薯蓣皂苷元的工艺条件,得到以下结论:与水浸提法相比,采用酶解法有利于提高皂苷元的提取率;确定料液比为1:14,纤维素酶(每克原料10U,pH值4.6,45℃)酶解6 h为最佳工艺条件.在此基础上考察了酶解结合水浸提法对皂苷元提取率的影响,发现酶解后升温至90～100℃,保温水浸提70 min,可使薯蓣皂苷元的提取率由83.8%提高到92.9%. 相似文献
11.
乙醇水溶液提取玉米胚芽油的工艺优化 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了解决水酶法提取玉米胚芽油生产成本高、提取时间长的缺点,该文采用乙醇水溶液作为提取剂提取玉米胚芽油。通过对粒径、料液比、温度、乙醇体积分数、p H值和时间等条件对油在油相、水相和渣相中分布的研究发现,物料粒径和乙醇体积分数对提高清油得率具有显著(P0.05)的影响,而提取时间对清油得率的影响最小(P0.05)。在单因素试验的基础上通过正交试验,得出乙醇水溶液提取玉米胚芽油的最佳工艺参数为:物料细粉4次(此时粒径为49.18μm)、料液比1∶7 g/m L、温度70℃、乙醇体积分数30%、p H值9.0、提取时间2 h。在该条件下,清油的得率为94.05%±0.32%,水相含油量为3.49%±0.77%,渣相含油量为2.55%±0.82%。分析乙醇水溶液提取的玉米胚芽毛油酸价、过氧化值和含水率等指标发现,该毛油的质量优于国标规定的玉米原油,并且和压榨一级成品油指标接近,只需要经过简单精炼就可以达到食用油要求。研究结果为乙醇水溶液工业化生产玉米胚芽油提供参考。 相似文献
12.
低温萃取法提取杏仁油的研究 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4
杏仁是油脂和蛋白质含量均高的原料，该研究旨在采用低温法萃取杏仁油，达到既萃取油又减少蛋白质变性程度的目的。首先经过一系列水酶法萃取试验后发现，不同萃取条件对于出油率的影响很大，从中筛选出水酶法萃取的最佳条件为：选取进口（日本Yakult公司）纤维素酶与木瓜蛋白酶的复合酶（1∶1），加酶量3%，作用时间3 h，料液比1∶2，反应温度40℃。初步油质检验表明, 水酶法比浸出法制得的毛油更清亮，酸价略低，磷脂少，油质稳定。然后进行CO2为溶媒的超临界流体萃取试验，通过7因素2水平正交试验并对其结果进行单指标直观分析发现：浸泡时间短的仁用杏出油率较高；粒度越小，出油率越高；以1∶1搀和二氧化硅粉与仁用杏的出油率较1.5∶1的为高；20 MPa压力的出油率较8 MPa的略高等，在此基础上筛选出了最适工艺路线。对上述结果进行了6因素无交互作用方差分析，结果表明仅有浸泡时间对出油率的影响是显著的，浸泡的时间越短出油率越高，其余条件对出油率的影响并不显著，按其影响程度从大到小依次为粒度、二氧化硅与杏仁比例、压力、杏仁种类、流速，这与直观分析极差所示结果一致。最后液相色谱法测定显示萃取出的仁用杏油中90%以上的脂肪酸为不饱和脂肪酸。 相似文献
13.
微波辅助提取黄皮果肉果胶工艺参数优化 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为优化微波辅助提取黄皮果肉中果胶的工艺,采用均匀设计法,考察了微波功率、提取时间、液料比及提取液pH值4个因子对黄皮果胶得率的影响。利用SAS软件对试验数据进行模型拟合和回归分析,确定提取时间和液料比是影响果胶得率的重要因子,并最终获得微波辅助提取黄皮果胶的最优工艺参数为:微波功率600W,提取时间8min,液料比24:1mL/g,提取液pH值2.0。在此条件下果胶得率为3.59%。通过对果胶基本特性的测定分析,该工艺提取的黄皮果胶品质基本符合国家标准,可为黄皮果胶提取的工业化放大提供参考。 相似文献
14.
Bazoti FN Gikas E Puel C Coxam V Tsarbopoulos A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(16):6213-6221
A novel gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) method was developed, using an ion trap mass spectrometer, for the simultaneous determination of olive oil bioactive components, elenolic acid, hydroxytyrosol, and tyrosol, in rat urine. Samples were analyzed by GC-MS/MS prior to and after enzymatic treatment. A solid phase extraction sample pretreatment step with greater than 80% analytical recoveries for all compounds was performed followed by a derivatization reaction prior to GC-MS/MS analysis. The calibration curves were linear for all compounds studied for a dynamic range between 1 and 500 ng. The limit of detection was in the mid picogram level for tyrosol and elenolic acid (300 pg) and in the low picogram level for hydroxytyrosol (2.5 pg). The method was applied to the analysis of rat urine samples after sustained oral intake of oleuropein or extra virgin olive oil as a diet supplement. 相似文献
15.
水媒法提取食用油技术研究进展 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
该文提出了水媒法提油技术的概念。水媒法提油技术是指以水为主要媒介的提油技术(水媒法),可辅以或不辅以与水互溶的可食用物质(例如乙醇)、食品级酶、超声波、微波等处理以破坏油料细胞壁和/或破乳的食用油提取方法。水媒法的提油过程主要分为分成破碎、提取、破乳和分离四个阶段。水媒法发展至今60余年,已全面发展了水代法、水酶法和乙醇水提法等多种制油技术。目前水媒法的产业化还存在一些问题,如油料的预处理、酶的种类与成本等。但是,水媒法绿色健康、符合可持续发展要求,随着工艺设备、分离技术等的发展,该技术将更加完善,成为未来未来取代传统工艺的新主流。该文将水媒法研究领域的成果进行归纳总结并为其未来发展提供理论参考。 相似文献
16.
R Bruni A Medici A Guerrini S Scalia F Poli M Muzzoli G Sacchetti 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2001,49(11):5455-5460
Seed oil of wild Amaranthus caudatus from Ecuador was analyzed for determining the tocopherol, fatty acid, and sterol contents. The data obtained were compared with the analogous chemical profile of seed oil of Italian A. caudatus with the objective of evaluating the nutraceutical and alimentary potential of the Ecuadorian matrix. Supercritical fluid and ultrasound-enhanced extractions were performed on both matrices. Qualitative and quantitative determinations of tocopherols were performed by HPLC, whereas GC and GC-MS were used to determine the fatty acid composition and sterols, respectively. Supercritical fluid extraction at 400 atm was the most efficient extraction method in terms of both total yield extract and tocopherol yield. Seeds of Ecuadorian of A. caudatus contained higher levels of tocopherols than Italian samples, whereas the fatty acid composition and sterol content were similar. From the obtained results it can be suggested that seed oil of wild Ecuadorian A. caudatus can prove to be an effective nutraceutical and alimentary resource and a valid alternative to the European varieties. 相似文献
17.
Leite Nobrega de Moura JM Hernandez-Ledesma B de Almeida NM Hsieh CC de Lumen BO Johnson LA 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(13):6940-6946
Lunasin and Bowman-Birk protease inhibitor (BBI) are two soybean peptides to which health-promoting properties have been attributed. Concentrations of these peptides were determined in skim fractions produced by enzyme-assisted aqueous extraction processing (EAEP) of extruded full-fat soybean flakes (an alternative to extracting oil from soybeans with hexane) and compared with similar extracts from hexane-defatted soybean meal. Oil and protein were extracted by using countercurrent two-stage EAEP of soybeans at 1:6 solids-to-liquid ratio, 50 °C, pH 9.0, and 120 rpm for 1 h. Protein-rich skim fractions were produced from extruded full-fat soybean flakes using different enzyme strategies in EAEP: 0.5% protease (wt/g extruded flakes) used in both extraction stages; 0.5% protease used only in the second extraction stage; no enzyme used in either extraction stage. Countercurrent two-stage protein extraction of air-desolventized, hexane-defatted soybean flakes was used as a control. Protein extraction yields increased from 66% to 89-96% when using countercurrent two-stage EAEP with extruded full-fat flakes compared to 85% when using countercurrent two-stage protein extraction of air-desolventized, hexane-defatted soybean flakes. Extruding full-fat soybean flakes reduced BBI activity. Enzymatic hydrolysis reduced BBI contents of EAEP skims. Lunasin, however, was more resistant to both enzymatic hydrolysis and heat denaturation. Although using enzymes in both EAEP extraction stages yielded the highest protein and oil extractions, reducing enzyme use to only the second stage preserved much of the BBI and Lunasin. 相似文献
18.
酸性浸润干燥辅助低水耗水代法提取亚麻籽油工艺 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为解决传统水代法提取亚麻籽油过程中乳状液生成过多,耗水量大等问题,该文在低料液比1:2.5 kg/L的条件下,探究了水代法提取亚麻籽油的工艺。结果表明,酸浸润预处理通过影响亚麻蛋白的溶解度,有效提高水代法中的清油得率,由未处理时的18.95%±0.91%提升至83.27%±0.67%。水代法提取亚麻籽油的工艺优化结果为:pH值9.0、温度50℃、料液比1∶2.5 kg/L、提取时间2 h。在此条件下,清油得率为82.88%±0.30%。在水代法提油后的水相中添加50%原料质量的纯水重复提取渣相后,渣相残油率从3.97%±0.11%降至2.09%±0.04%。剩余乳状液经木瓜蛋白酶破乳后,总清油得率为93.44%±0.29%。水代法得到的亚麻籽油各项指标均符合一级成品亚麻籽油标准。该研究为亚麻籽油的高效提取提供了一种新的思路。 相似文献
19.
A new oil extraction method involving pH adjustment was developed and compared with the traditional heat extraction method. Sardine oil was obtained by adjusting the pH to the isoelectric point (pI) of sardine muscle (pH 5.5) using HCl or food-grade organic acids [with/without calcium (Ca)] followed by centrifugation. Oil extracted with citric acid plus Ca showed the best quality, along with good recovery, the lowest haze value, and the highest n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid content. All oils extracted by pH adjustment exhibited high stability against oxidation supported by low conjugated dienes and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance level with fewer impurities compared to the heat process. There was a significant beneficial effect of Ca addition prior to pH adjustment in terms of lipid oxidation stability and color of the final products. The pH adjustment method is a novel process for oil extraction and a promising method that can be utilized for high-oil pelagic species such as Pacific sardines. 相似文献
20.
Enrichment of eicosapentaenoic acid from sardine oil with Delta5-olefinic bond specific lipase from Bacillus licheniformis MTCC 6824 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Lipase derived from Bacillus licheniformis MTCC 6824 was purified to homogeneity by anion exchange chromatography on Amberlite IRA 410 (Cl-) and gel filtration using Sephadex G-100 as judged by denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The purified lipase was used for hydrolysis of triacylglycerol in sardine oil to enrich Delta5-polyunsaturated fatty acids (Delta5-PUFAs) namely, arachidonic acid (5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid, ARA, 20:4n-6) and eicosapentaenoic acid (5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA, 20:5n-3). The individual fatty acids were determined as fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) by gas-liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy as FAMEs and N-acyl pyrrolidides. The enzyme exhibited hydrolytic resistance toward ester bonds of Delta5-PUFAs as compared to those of other fatty acids and was proved to be effective for increasing the concentration of EPA and ARA from sardine oil. Utilizing this fatty acid specificity, EPA and ARA from sardine oil were enriched by lipase-mediated hydrolysis followed by urea fractionation at 4 degrees C. The purified lipase produced the highest degree of hydrolysis for SFAs and MUFAs (81.5 and 72.3%, respectively, from their initial content in sardine oil) after 9 h. The profile of conversion by lipase catalysis showed a steady increase up to 6 h and thereafter plateaued down. Lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis of sardine oil followed by urea adduction with methanol provided free fatty acids containing 55.4% EPA and 5.8% ARA, respectively, after complexation of saturated and less unsaturated fatty acids. The combination of enzymatic hydrolysis and urea complexation proved to be a promising method to obtain highly concentrated EPA and ARA from sardine oil. 相似文献