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陕西秦巴山区分布有野生兰科植物41属、80种,分别占陕西省兰科植物属和种的100%和97.6%.水平分布主要集中在汉中、安康、宝鸡、商洛4市,每个市又集中分布在各市设立的国家级自然保护区,垂直分布集中在海拔800～3 000 m范围内,属和种分别占秦巴山区野生兰科植物属和种的82.9%和73.8%.秦巴山区野生兰科植物资源的保护利用还处于较原始的状态,人为的滥采乱挖给资源保护带来了巨大压力.籍此,提出重视就地保护工作;在自然环境下进行迁地保护;成立专门机构加强对观赏、药用兰科植物的人工栽培研究等野生兰科植物资源保护对策. 相似文献
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《Fitoterapia》2013
Rhubarbs and their extractives have been used as cathartic for many years. There have been numerous breakthroughs in the pharmacological research of the drug. However, as the key point of the mechanism, the targets of the effective components still remain unclear. In this paper, with an in vitro system of isolated intestine, we found that both the rhubarb extractives and the anthraquinone derivatives can antagonize the adrenaline effectively. Furthermore, computer based docking provided the binding model of the anthraquinone derivatives and adrenergic receptor. Then, based on the results of the small intestinal promotion and purgative effect experiments in vivo, we built an “inhibitor–carrier” hypothesis to elucidate the mechanism of rhubarb. This work provided key massages for the pharmacological research of rhubarb, such a common and active medicinal plant, and might be of help for the development of new purgative drugs. 相似文献
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针对龙陵县部分核桃树老化、中幼树低产及新植技术缺乏的难题,结合龙陵县规划改造和新植任务的实际,对核桃老树更新复状、低产园改造及新植技术分年度进行了丰产栽培实验示范研究,建设核桃新植示范点10个,总结出核桃新植"十个一"技术,使新植桃核的成活率及保存率明显提高,可提前3年挂果进入收益期;通过核桃示范点与传统种植对比分析以及核桃更新复壮前后和核桃低产园改造前后对比分析,结果表明,核桃衰老树更新复壮和低产中幼树改造技术,使树势明显恢复,病虫鼠害明显减少,能促进增产增收,达到高产稳产,经济效益明显,是核桃老区和低产区快速发展核桃产业的有效方法。 相似文献
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Plants have always been an exemplary source of drugs and many of the currently available medicines have been directly or indirectly derived from them. For this reason, the research, development and use of natural products as therapeutic agents, especially those derived from plants, have been increasing in recent years. A great deal of attention has focused on the naturally occurring antispasmodic phytochemicals as potential drugs for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Arterial hypertension is a common and progressive disorder that poses a major risk for cardiovascular and renal diseases. Recent data have revealed that the global burden of hypertension is an important and increasing public health problem worldwide and that the level of awareness, treatment and control of hypertension varies considerably among countries. The research on naturally occurring blood pressure-lowering agents is rapidly expanding due to the high potential of such molecules as new antihypertensive drugs. Recently, a great number of plant-derived substances, such as diterpenoids, have been evaluated as possible antihypertensive agents. Naturally occurring diterpenes such as forskolin and stevioside, exhibit vasorelaxant action and inhibit vascular contractility by different mechanisms of action. In this review we will discuss the mechanisms underlying the hypotensive action displayed by diterpenes and their potential use in human hypertension. We will also discuss the use of these compounds in the treatment of glaucoma, which is characterized by increased intraocular pressure (IOP). 相似文献
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《Fitoterapia》2014
Malaria is one of the most devastating infectious diseases in the developing world. Until now, only one candidate malaria vaccine RTS,S/AS01 has shown modest protection in phase 3 trial in African infants. Hence the treatment of malaria still depends on the current chemotherapeutic drugs. Considering the resistance of malaria parasites to almost all used antimalarial drugs, aiming at multi-targets rather than a single target will be a more promising strategy. Previous studies have shown that myricetin and fisetin exhibited in vitro antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum, but very little research focused on the molecular mechanism for their parasiticidal activity. The cysteine protease falcipain-2 and aspartic protease plasmepsin II have long been considered as important antimalarial drug targets, especially combined inhibition of these two proteases. In this study, we determined that myricetin and fisetin are dual inhibitors of falcipain-2 and plasmepsin II, which might account for their antimalarial properties. Overall, the dual inhibition of falcipain-2 and plasmepsin II by myricetin and fisetin has shed light on a possible mechanism for their antimalarial activity and provided a rationale for further development as antimalarial drugs. 相似文献
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《Fitoterapia》2014
Painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a common complication of diabetes and the few approved therapies for the management of pain have limited efficacy and side effects. With the aim to explore and develop new pharmacological treatments, we investigated the antihyperalgesic properties of St. John's Wort (SJW) and feverfew in streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rats. Acute administration of a SJW seed extract reversed mechanical hyperalgesia with a prolonged effect. A SJW extract obtained from the aerial portion of the plant and a feverfew flower extract partially relieved neuropathic pain whereas a feverfew leaf extract was ineffective. The antihyperalgesic efficacy of these herbal drugs was comparable to that of clinically used antihyperalgesic drugs (carbamazepine, lamotrigine, l-acetyl-levocarnitine). Further examinations of SJW and feverfew composition revealed that hyperforin and hypericin might be responsible for the antihyperalgesic properties of SJW whereas the efficacy of feverfew seems to be related to the presence of parthenolide. Rats undergoing treatment with SJW and feverfew did not show any behavioral side effect or sign of altered locomotor activity. Our results suggest that SJW and feverfew extracts may become new therapeutic perspectives for painful DPN. 相似文献
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Labisia pumila is a traditional herb widely used as post-partum medication for centuries. Recently, extensive researches have been carried out on the phytochemical identification, biological and toxicological studies for the herb. Phytochemicals found in the herbal extract showed high antioxidant properties, which were essential for various pharmacological activities. The significant findings are anti-estrogenic deficiency and -immunodeficiency diseases. Another finding that has considerable impact on natural product research is the contribution of L. pumila in promoting skin collagen synthesis. The performance of the herb as anti-aging agent due to natural aging process and accelerated by UV radiation was reviewed critically. 相似文献
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《Fitoterapia》2013
Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is a member of the Cucurbitaceae family like melon, squash and pumpkins. It is a popular vegetable crop used in Indian traditional medicine since ancient times. This vegetable is very high in water content and very low in calories. It has potential antidiabetic, lipid lowering and antioxidant activity. Cucumber has a cleansing action within the body by removing accumulated pockets of old waste materials and chemical toxins. Fresh fruit juice is used for nourishing the skin. It gives a soothing effect against skin irritations and reduces swelling. Cucumber also has the power to relax and alleviate the sunburn's pain. The fruit is refrigerant, haemostatic, tonic and useful in hyperdipsia, thermoplegia etc. The seeds also have a cooling effect on the body and they are used to prevent constipation. Several bioactive compounds have been isolated from cucumber including cucurbitacins, cucumegastigmanes I and II, cucumerin A and B, vitexin, orientin, isoscoparin 2″-O-(6‴-(E)-p-coumaroyl) glucoside, apigenin 7-O-(6″-O-p-coumaroylglucoside) etc. Despite huge exploration of cucumber in agricultural field, comparatively very few studies have been published about its chemical profile and its therapeutic potential. This article reviews the therapeutic application, pharmacological and phytochemical profile of different parts of C. sativus. In this review we have explored the current phytochemical and pharmacological knowledge available with this well known plant and several promising aspects for research on cucumber. 相似文献
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Uncaria species (Gouteng in Chinese) have been used as a plant medicine to treat ailments of cardiovascular and central nervous systems. As the main alkaloid constituent of Uncaria species, isorhynchophylline has drawn extensive attention toward antihypertensive and neuroprotective activities in recent years. Isorhynchophylline mainly acts on cardiovascular and central nervous systems diseases including hypertension, brachycardia, arrhythmia, and sedation, vascular dementia, and amnesia. Isorhynchophylline also has effects on anticoagulation, inhibition vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis and proliferation, anti-multidrug resistant of lung cells, anti-endotoxemic, and antispasmodic. The active mechanisms are related to modulation on calcium ion channel, protection neural and neuroglial cells against β-amyloid(25-35)-induced neurotoxicity and via inducing autophagy. As a candidate drug of several cardiovascular and central nervous systems diseases, isorhynchophylline will attract scientists to pursue the potential related pharmacological effects and its mechanism with new technologies. But relatively few clinical application of isorhynchophylline has been conducted on its pharmacological activities. It requires more in vivo validations and further investigations of antihypertensive and neuroprotective mechanisms of isorhynchophylline. 相似文献
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许多植物都具有药用价值,富含各种药用成分,其活性物质对预防或治疗某些疾病有特异性功能。文中综述几种常见植物中的天然药用成分及其药理作,研究探讨科学可行的方法,并对未来的天然药物研究和开发新药进行了展望。 相似文献
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《Fitoterapia》2014
Schisandra chinensis fruit extract (SCE) has traditionally been used as an oriental medicine for the treatment of various human diseases, including cardiovascular disease. Advances in scientific knowledge and analytical technologies provide opportunities for translational research involving S. chinensis; such research may contribute to future drug discovery. To date, emerging experimental evidence supports the therapeutic effects of the SCE or its bioactive lignan ingredients in cardiovascular disease, unraveling the mechanistic basis for their pharmacological actions. In the present review, we highlight SCE and its lignans as promising resources for the development of safe, effective, and multi-targeted agents against cardiovascular disease. Moreover, we offer novel insight into future challenges and perspective on S. chinensis research to future clinical investigations and healthcare strategies. 相似文献
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Thierry Hennebelle Bernard Weniger Henry Joseph Sevser Sahpaz Franois Bailleul 《Fitoterapia》2009,80(7):385-393
A review is made of chemical, ethnopharmacological and pharmacological papers dealing with Senna alata (L.) Roxb., a plant that belongs to the Creole traditional system of medicine and that has recently been introduced in the French Pharmacopoeia. The proofs existing for its various usages are presented. The species is mainly used against constipation and skin diseases. The laxative activity is supported by scientific findings. In contrast the dermatologic use requires further investigation. The species can be considered as safe for short-term or topical use. 相似文献
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本文用生物胶作载体,加1250ppm、2500ppm、5000ppm营养液分别配制成生物胶缓释肥,分别施于洋兰试管苗的生长基质中,用叶面积模型Y=-0.32+0.87X(X=1.d)定期测算叶面积增量,以研究生物胶缓释肥对洋兰生长量的影响.运用模糊正交设计分析表明,在施肥方法、营养液浓度和施加次数3个试验因子中,施肥方式是影响生长的主要因子.与直接施加营养液的传统施肥方法相比,生物胶2号缓释肥能有效地促进洋兰试管苗的生长,其平均叶面积生长量提高2倍以上,且肥效持续时间长,成本低廉,具有较高的实用价值. 相似文献
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Although various drugs for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have been used in clinics, RA is not completely curable to date. Thus, to seek new drugs for the treatment of RA has been a hotspot. Hydroxynaphthoquinones are the major anti-inflammatory active constituents in Arnebia euchroma (Royle) Johnst. The present study aims to evaluate the anti-arthritic activity of a hydroxynaphthoquinone mixture (HM) of A. euchroma (Royle) Johnst, including its anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. The anti-arthritic efficacy of HM was examined using complete Freund's adjuvant- and bovine type II collagen-induced arthritic models. The paw edema, polyarthritis index and histopathological change were evaluated. The analgesic effect was assessed using the chemical and thermal models of nociception. Results found that HM administered prophylactically and curatively showed marked anti-arthritic activity by suppressing the paw swelling and development of inflammation, lowering the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β and protecting cartilage and bone from damage. The protection of HM was superior to that of reference drugs such as prednisone acetate or etanercept, and showed no direct deleterious effect. Similarly, HM showed significant analgesic effects. In summary, HM possessed potent anti-arthritic activity. It could relieve inflammatory symptoms and protect against joint destruction. These findings indicate that HM would be a potential therapeutic agent for arthritic disease, which provide pharmacological evidence for its clinical application. 相似文献
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In the recent years, the interest and research in medicinal plants have increased in a great deal. Ayurvedic medicines and formulations developed from ancient Indian herbal systems are renowned for their various important applications. Berberis aristata - an Indian medicinal plant, which belongs to the family Berberidaceae is an ayurvedic herb used since ancient times. It is also known as Indian berberi, Daruharidra, Daruhaldi, Darvi and Chitra. The plant is useful as anti-pyretic, anti-bacterial, anti-microbial, anti-hepatotoxic, anti-hyperglycaemic, anti-cancer, anti-oxidant and anti-lipidemic agent. B. aristata extracts and its formulations are also useful in the treatment of diarrhoea, haemorrhoids, gynaecological disorders, HIV-AIDS, osteoporosis, diabetes, eye and ear infections, wound healing, jaundice, skin diseases and malarial fever. This review aims to highlight the ethnobotany, pharmacognosy and pharmacological uses of B. aristata which will give insights in developing potentially new bioactives from the plant scaffolds. This review will also highlight the patenting trends, the new compositions developed using the actives from B. aristata and the different assignees involved in filing patents. 相似文献
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《Fitoterapia》2013
Psoralea corylifolia is an important medicinal plant which is used in several traditional medicines to cure various diseases. The plant extracts have been reported to possess antibacterial, antitumor, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antifungal and immunomodulatory activity. A wide range of chemical compounds including psoralen, isopsoralen, bakuchiol, psoralidin, bakuchalcone, bavachinin, flavones, volatile oils, lipids etc. are found in different parts of the plant. The present review is therefore, an effort to give a detailed survey of the literature on its botany, phytochemistry and ethnopharmacology along with special emphasis given on pharmacological activities of plant P. corylifolia. 相似文献