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本文在介绍白三叶草植物学特征生物学特性生长发育特点和栽培利用技术要点的基础上,着重介绍了果草问作中白三叶的精作覆膜条播栽培技术的尝试经验. 相似文献
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《Fitoterapia》2013
There are 350,000 hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers all over the world. Chronic HBV infection is at a high risk of developing liver cirrhosis and hepatocelluar carcinoma (HCC), and heavily threatened people's health. Two kinds of drugs approved by FDA for anti-HBV therapy are immunomodulators (interferon α, pegylated-interferon α) and nucleos(t)ide analogues (lamivudine, adefovir dipivoxil, entecavir, telbivudine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate). These drugs have been proved to be far from being satisfactory due to their low specificity, side effects, and high rate of drug resistance. There is an urgent need to discover and develop novel effective anti-HBV drugs. With vast resources, various structures, diverse biological activities and action mechanisms, as well as abundant clinical experiences, botanical agents become a promising source of finding new anti-HBV drugs. This review summarizes the recent research and development of anti-HBV agents derived from botanical origin on their sources and active components, inhibitory effects and possible toxicities, as well as action targets and mechanisms, and also addresses the advantages and the existing shortcomings in the development of botanical inhibitors. This information may not only broaden the knowledge of anti-HBV therapy, and offer possible alternative or substitutive drugs for CHB patients, but also provides considerable information for developing new safe and effective anti-HBV drugs. 相似文献
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综述了植物源农药(包括植物源杀虫剂、植物源杀菌剂、植物源除草剂)的研究和开发应用现状。较详细地介绍了几种典型杀虫植物注要包括楝科植物、豆科鱼藤属植物、卫矛科植物)的杀虫机理和开发应用情况,并讨论了植物源杀虫剂今后研究的几个热点:生物技术在植物源杀虫剂研究中的应用;植物源光活化毒素的研究;杀虫植物资源的进一步调查研究。与植物源杀虫剂相比,植物源杀菌剂和除草剂的研究和应用要少得多。然而目前人们已经在植物体内发现许多具有杀菌、除草活性的物质,因此开发植物资源合成杀菌剂和除草剂具有巨大的潜力。 相似文献
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大洪山药用植物资源调查初报 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过实地调查,资料查阅,市场调研,对大洪山风景区药用植物资源进行了初步调查研究。对此次调查所采集或记录到的分属93科的244种具有重要药用价值的药用植物进行了药用植物分类学统计和药用部位的归类分析。在对大洪山地道药用植物以及稀有药用植物的种类及用途等现状进行调查的基础上,针对大洪山风景区药用植物资源开发利用以及保护进行了探讨。 相似文献
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福建省农村园林化规划与建设初探 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
农村园林化是我国农村社会经济快速发展的必然产物,通过分析农村园林化的必要性及其农村园林化的可行性,初步形成园林式村镇的规划原则、规划方案;同时,对现有农村园林化的实践经验进行了总结,旨在为园林式村镇建设提供借鉴。 相似文献
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5种植物源杀虫剂对淡竹毒蛾幼虫的毒力及林间防治效果 总被引：11，自引：10，他引：1
为筛选出有效控制淡竹毒蛾幼虫的药剂,以制定无公害防治淡竹毒蛾决策,2017年在福建省沙县选用5种植物源杀虫剂,对危害方竹林的淡竹毒蛾幼虫进行室内毒力测定和开展林间防治试验。室内毒力测定结果表明：1%苦皮藤素可溶液、4%鱼藤酮乳油、0.5%藜芦碱可溶性液、1.2%烟碱·苦参碱可溶液、1.5%苦参碱可溶液对淡竹毒蛾幼虫的LC50分别为0.973、1.062、1.216、0.482、0.836 mg/L,以1.2%烟碱·苦参碱可溶液剂对淡竹毒蛾幼虫毒性最强,5种不同植物源杀虫剂对淡竹毒蛾幼虫均有杀虫作用。林间防治效果表明：药后3 d,5种植物源杀虫剂的防治效果均为90%以上,以苦参碱类药剂防治效果最好,2种苦参碱类药剂的林间最佳使用浓度均为1 500倍液;1%苦皮藤素可溶液和0.5%藜芦碱可溶性液林间最佳使用浓度为1 000倍液;4%鱼藤酮乳油林间防治最佳使用浓度为1 200倍液。测试的5种不同植物源杀虫剂均对淡竹毒蛾幼虫有良好的杀虫作用,是无公害防治淡竹毒蛾幼虫的有效药剂。 相似文献
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城市林业生态建设与发展浅议 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了使城市林业生态建设与发展达到系统化和各具特色,充分发挥城市林业生态建设的生态、经济、社会效益,通过城市林业生态建设与园林的关系,分析探索了城市林业生态建设的发展方向和其发挥的主要效益,提出了加强城市中多功能、多效益的林业生态系统建设,是建设现代化新型城市的重要组成部分。 相似文献
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Natural products chemistry is the discipline that lies at the heart of modern pharmacognosy. The field encompasses qualitative and quantitative analytical tools that range from spectroscopy and spectrometry to chromatography. Among other things, modern research on crude botanicals is engaged in the discovery of the phytochemical constituents necessary for therapeutic efficacy, including the synergistic effects of components of complex mixtures in the botanical matrix. In the phytomedicine field, these botanicals and their contained mixtures are considered the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), and pharmacognosists are increasingly called upon to supplement their molecular discovery work by assisting in the development and utilization of analytical tools for assessing the quality and safety of these products. Unlike single-chemical entity APIs, botanical raw materials and their derived products are highly variable because their chemistry and morphology depend on the genotypic and phenotypic variation, geographical origin and weather exposure, harvesting practices, and processing conditions of the source material. Unless controlled, this inherent variability in the raw material stream can result in inconsistent finished products that are under-potent, over-potent, and/or contaminated. Over the decades, natural product chemists have routinely developed quantitative analytical methods for phytochemicals of interest. Quantitative methods for the determination of product quality bear the weight of regulatory scrutiny. These methods must be accurate, precise, and reproducible. Accordingly, this review discusses the principles of accuracy (relationship between experimental and true value), precision (distribution of data values), and reliability in the quantitation of phytochemicals in natural products. 相似文献
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May Fern TohJoanna E. Burdette 《Fitoterapia》2011,82(1):67-70
The biological mechanism of action for any botanical extract is a necessary part of discovery to determine pharmacological use and safety. Interestingly, many activities that are governed by endogenous compounds are not fully understood making the characterization of mechanisms elusive. For example, phytoestrogens are being consumed for menopausal symptoms while the biological action of estradiol are still being investigated. Therefore, long term efficacy and safety issues are a challenge in the field. As new activities are associated with new biological pathways, an important component of therapeutic discovery will need to be the re-evaluation of negative or less active natural products to determine their relative use as medicines. 相似文献
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由于地域广阔性和气候环境差异性,俄罗斯植物园在世界范围内具有独特地位,不仅是植物科学研究、物种保护和科普教育机构,同时也是城市、区域乃至国家的文化艺术特色与活力的展示媒介。文章以俄罗斯10个著名植物园为研究对象,从结构布局、科学研究、植物保护与展示、景观建筑4个层面探讨其地域特色营造方法,从区位交通、资源集聚、市民活动3方面分析其活力营造策略,旨在为我国植物园的发展与建设提供借鉴。 相似文献
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随着城市化的快速发展,生态环境的日益恶化,尤其是喀斯特地区石漠化的加剧,创建喀斯特植物园不仅能进行喀斯特地区植物物种资源的研究,而且对城市生态建设、植物多样性保护和石漠化综合治理研究有着实际意义.文中对喀斯特植物园建设的目的和意义进行了探讨,分析了创建云南石林喀斯特植物园的必要性和可行性,对喀斯特植物园的规划建设提出注重综合功能、突出主题特色、打造科艺结合的植物园景观等构思,并从多个方面探讨了相应的规划措施. 相似文献
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近年来,由于不合理的防治措施,黄纹竹斑蛾已成为危害毛竹叶片的主要害虫。为探索有效控制黄纹竹斑蛾危害的无公害防治措施,试验研究了不同浓度的6种植物源杀虫剂:0.5%藜芦碱可溶性液、1%苦皮藤素可溶液、4%鱼藤酮乳油、1.5%苦参碱可溶液、1.2%烟碱·苦参碱可溶液和1.1%苦参碱粉剂对黄纹竹斑蛾幼虫的防治效果,其中前5种药剂采用喷烟技术施药,后一种药剂采用喷粉技术施药。结果表明:施药后3 d,6种药剂的防治效果均达90%以上;0.5%藜芦碱可溶性液、1%苦皮藤素可溶液和4%鱼藤酮乳油的田间最佳用药浓度是原药与0号柴油容积比为1:40,用药量为1 200 mL/hm2;1.5%苦参碱可溶液、1.2%烟碱·苦参碱可溶液田间最佳用药浓度是原药与0号柴油容积比为1:9,用药量为800 mL/hm2;1.1%苦参碱粉剂田间最佳用药量为22.5 kg/hm2。上述6种植物源杀虫剂均可作为无公害防治黄纹竹斑蛾幼虫的药剂,在黄纹竹斑蛾幼虫危害时施用。 相似文献
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国外植物园发展现状及对我国植物园建设的启示 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
阐述了国外植物园发展现状和主要特点,分析了我国植物园的发展现状及建设中存在的问题,最后提出了我国植物园的发展建设思路。 相似文献
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The cedar leaf moth (CLM), Acleris undulana Walsingham, has recently become an important pest in the cedar forests in southwestern Turkey. Control has focussed on the use of synthetic chemical pesticides, with little research having been conducted on alternative control methods. In this study, four botanical pesticides (two commercial neem products, Neemazal-T/S® and Greeneem® oil, and two hot water plant extracts, Origanum onites L. and Pimpinella anisum L.) were evaluated for their effects against young (first–second) and older (third–fifth) instar larvae of CLM under laboratory and field conditions. The results of larval dip bioassay in the laboratory showed that all the botanical pesticides tested had significant larvicidal activity against both young and older instars of CLM compared to the water-treated control. Of the botanical pesticides tested, Neemazal was the most larvicidal botanical, causing mortalities ranging from 84 to 100%, the least effective was the P. anisum extract, but at high concentrations this extract still caused significant mortality. Results from field trials also revealed that the botanical pesticides had larvicidal activity against CLM. Neemazal was the most larvicidal botanical, followed by Greeneem oil then by O. onites and finally by P. anisum. Our overall results suggest that all the botanical pesticides tested are promising as larvicides against CLM, and may provide an alternative control method that is more compatible with Integrated Pest Management programs than the use of synthetic chemical pesticides. 相似文献
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随着社会、经济的快速发展,现代化城市建设,特别是两型城市建设理念的不断深化,植物园发展显得愈来愈重要,成为了城市精神文明的窗口。本文从植物园的定义、分类及分区,植物园的产生、发展和任务及作用与地位等几个方面浅论植物园在城市建设中的重要性,旨在引导、呼吁在城市发展过程中重视植物资源的保护与开发。 相似文献
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Intercultural studies about the methods of use and perceptions of traditional remedies in Europe are strategically important in understanding how pharmaceutical means in our multicultural modern societies are differently accepted by diverse ethnic groups. In this survey, we analysed the biological means traditionally used in the ethnomedicine of three Arb?resh? (ethnic Albanians) communities in the Vulture area (northern Lucania, southern Italy). The majority of remedies are represented by plants belonging to 54 botanical taxa. A few of the recorded species have a traditional therapeutic use that has never previously been reported in southern Italy. Other means-especially used in the past-are comprised of mineral, animal and industrial derived materials. In specific cases, some of these materials and even plants are neither applied externally or internally, but are instead utilised as symbolic ritual objects in spiritual healing ceremonies. Ethnopharmacological and anthropological considerations about these usages are discussed. 相似文献