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测试小麦面团流变学特性具有重要意义。测试的主要方法有基础法和经验法两种。测试仪器主要有粉质仪、拉伸仪、揉混仪、吹泡示功仪、质构仪等。粉质仪主要测定的指标有面粉吸水率、面团形成时间、面团稳定性、弱化度和粉质质量指数等。拉伸仪主要测定的指标有面团抗延伸性、延伸性、拉伸面积、拉伸比例等。揉混仪主要测定的指标有抗揉混阻力、最佳揉和时间、搅拌耐力、烘焙估计吸水值等。吹泡示功仪可以得到面团的韧性、延伸性和烘焙力等信息。质构仪可获得对面团流变特性最大拉伸阻力、拉伸比、面团粘性、面团强度等参数的测试结果。 相似文献
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麦长管蚜（Sitobion avenae F.）危害对春小麦面粉品质性状及面团流变学特性的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
选用2个抗麦长管蚜(Sitobion avenae F.)小麦材料及4个感蚜材料, 利用人工接种方法研究了该蚜虫危害对小麦面粉品质的影响。结果表明, 蚜虫取食对面粉颗粒度没有显著影响, 但可引起小麦面粉灰分含量显著增加, 蛋白质含量、SDS沉降值、面团筋力、膨胀指数、面团延伸性、面团弹性、弹性指数显著降低, 从而降低面粉品质。抗蚜小麦04-9284、C272及感蚜硬质小麦甘春20部分品质指标不发生变化或变化程度低于其他3个感蚜软质小麦。5个软质小麦蚜量高峰值与膨胀指数、面团弹性、SDS沉降值、面团筋力和蛋白质含量品质的降低幅度呈正相关, 相关系数分别为0.9968、0.9619、0.9310、0.9108和0.8886, 均达显著水平; 与灰分含量、面团延伸性和弹性指数相关性不显著。甘肃兰州拉面专用品种甘春20在高密度蚜虫危害后, 面粉品质下降, 但依然符合该专用粉的最适品质要求。 相似文献
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冬小麦品质性状与面条品质性状关系的初步研究 总被引：81，自引：4，他引：81
测定了冬小麦28个品种(系)(31个样品)的面粉品质特性,并在实验室条件下,对不同品种的面条加工品质进行了仪器和官能两种方法评价,对小麦品质与面条品质的关系进行了初步探讨.干面条断裂强度与面粉蛋白质含量呈极显著正相关,同时受面筋强度的强烈影响.煮面韧性与面团强度呈极显著正相关,且受蛋白质含量的影响.而煮面的外观评价与面团强度呈显著的负相关.面团软化度是煮面品质优劣的较好指标.改良小麦品种面条加工品质的关键是提高蛋白质和面筋的质量. 相似文献
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基因型和环境对面团流变学特性的影响研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
用揉混仪和质构仪研究了3个不同品质类型的冬小麦品种在8个不同的生长环境条件下的面团流变学特性,分析了基因型和环境对性状的影响及各性状间的相关性。结果表明：面团流变学特性受基因型（G）和环境（E）及其互作的共同作用,其中基因型方差均值＞环境方差均值＞G×E互作均值;从性状的表现看,基因型以济麦20表现最佳,环境以烟台点综合表现最好;相关分析表明,面团粘度性状与最大拉伸阻力、拉伸比、峰值时间、峰值面积和8min带宽呈显著负相关,而与延伸度呈显著正相关。最大拉伸阻力与峰值时间、峰值面积和8min带宽呈显著正相关。因此,进行品质评价时,可用质构仪测定的面团粘度特性对面团品质进行初步快速的评定。 相似文献
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脱脂和重组对面粉理化特性和烘焙品质的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
选用3个筋力不同的小麦品种（系）,通过比较其采用脱脂面粉、重组面粉和原面粉,研究了小麦脂类对面团揉混特性和面包加工品质的影响。结果表明,（1）3个品种（系）面粉脱脂前后蛋白质含量、沉淀值和灰分含量无显著性差异,但脱脂后面粉白度显著提高。（2）脱脂后3个品种（系）揉混仪峰高和峰宽增大,衰落角变小。（3）面粉脱脂后面包加工品质有所改善,其作用大小与蛋白质的质量和蛋白质间的互作有关。脱脂面粉加入起酥油对面包品质无明显改善作用,起酥油是通过面粉脂类对面包品质产生作用的。 相似文献
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采用面团持水力、发酵力、质构分析、感官评价等方法,探究了不同小麦粉冷冻面团在长期冻藏过程中的品质变化。结果表明,长期冻藏过程中冷冻面团因冰晶生成和酵母死亡致使面团面筋网络结构不断弱化,高筋小麦粉比低筋、中筋小麦粉冷冻面团的面筋网络结构更牢固,面团的锁水能力更强,在短期冻藏内存在一定程度的品质改善,低筋、高筋小麦粉冷冻面团的品质则不断劣化。不同小麦粉冷冻面团在冻藏过程中的硬度品质劣化最严重,冻藏35 d后,低筋、中筋、高筋小麦粉馒头的硬度分别提高了63.6%,81.2%,-13.4%;弹性分别降低了3.13%,7.86%,2.29%。 相似文献
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不同筋力类型小麦在不同土壤类型上的品质性状表现 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
在河南省不同地区(郑州、原阳、洛阳、信阳)选取不同类型的土壤(旱地、稻茬)、上种植的6个不同筋力类型小麦品种,测定分析其11个品质性状,结果表明:6个品种的品质性状差异较大,其中变异较大的是面团形成时间、稳定时间及弱化度,其次是沉降值。小麦品质性状受不同土壤类型的影响较大,在不同土壤类型旱地(两合土、粘土、砂壤土、壤土)和稻茬土上表现为:随着土壤粘度的增加,粗蛋白和湿面筋含量增加,随着土壤质地由砂→砂壤→壤土其含量增加。在不同类型土壤上,弱筋型品种适宜在稻茬或多雨地区种植,而强、中筋类型在旱地种植品质性状表现较好。 相似文献
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中国鲜面条耐煮特性及评价指标 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以我国北部和黄淮冬麦区的46份主栽小麦品种和育成品系为材料, 分析了品质性状与煮熟面条冲洗水中总有机物含量(TOM)、干物质蒸煮损失率、面条吸水性和黏性等面条耐煮性指标的关系。结果表明, 小麦品种的磨粉品质、面团流变学特性、淀粉品质及TOM值、蒸煮损失率和黏性等面条耐煮性指标存在较大变异。拉伸面积和最大抗延阻力与TOM值呈显著负相关, 相关系数分别为-0.66 (P<0.01)和-0.56 (P <0.01); 稳定时间、拉伸面积和最大抗延阻力与面条煮6 min和10 min后鲜重的相关系数为-0.55~ -0.63 (P <0.01), 耐揉指数与二者的相关系数分别为0.67 (P<0.01)和0.69 (P<0.01); 糊化温度与面条煮10 min后鲜重呈极显著正相关(r = 0.60, P<0.01), 说明提高小麦面粉的蛋白质含量、面筋强度可以显著改善面条耐煮特性, 蛋白质特性是影响面条耐煮性的主要品质因子, 淀粉糊化参数对面条耐煮性也有一定影响。TOM值与面条煮6 min和10 min后鲜重呈显著正相关, 相关系数分别为0.66 (P<0.01)和0.69 (P<0.01); 面条煮6 min与煮10 min后鲜重也呈高度正相关(r = 0.86, P<0.01)。建议将10 g鲜面条煮10 min后的鲜重≤21.0 g作为优质鲜面条耐煮性的主要评价指标。 相似文献
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Summary Rye-derived wheat cultivars are being used in many breeding programmes throughout the world in order to achieve improvements in yield and disease resistance. However, the serious quality defect of intense dough stickiness associated with many of these wheat cultivars is limiting the usefulness of their flour in large mechanised bread bakeries. A dough preparation procedure was developed which enabled the dough surface properties of a range of rye-derived wheat cultivars to be assessed on doughs mixed quantitatively to their optimum mixing time. Intense dough stickiness was found in samples of 1AL/1RS and 1DL/1RS translocation lines tested and in all of the 1BL/1RS wheat cultivars examined except the West German cultivar, Disponent. Most of the 1BL/1RS wheat cultivars were derived from the Russian cultivars, Kavkaz, Aurora and Skorospelka 35 and included the CIMMYT-bred cultivars such as the Veery lines (Glennson, Ures, Genaro and Seri) and the Nebraskan cultivar, Siouxland. Based on the results of studying selected 1BL/1RS wheat cultivars in detail, this intense dough stickiness appeared to be independent of growing season, trial location, protein content, mixing tolerance, milling process and extraction rate. In addition pilot bakery trials confirmed that our laboratory testing procedures can be used to detect this intense dough stickiness. 相似文献
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Toi J. Tsilo Gloria Nygard Khalil Khan Senay Simsek Gary A. Hareland Shiaoman Chao James A. Anderson 《Euphytica》2013,194(2):293-302
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) flour functionality during the dough development and baking processes is an important quality attribute considered by the baking industry. A flour with high water absorption during mixing means more water and less flour is needed, compared to a flour with less water absorption. The objective of this study was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) influencing water absorption and dough rheological properties of hard red spring wheat. QTL were mapped on a genetic linkage map that comprised 531 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and diversity array technology (DArT) marker loci. Composite interval mapping with 139 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) was used to identify QTL within and across two field environments. Six QTL on chromosomes 1A, 1B, 4B, 4D, and 5A were detected for farinograph water absorption. These QTL also confirmed earlier studies that flour water absorption is a function of protein content, starch damage, and gluten strength. In this study, dough rheological properties such as dough development time, dough stability, mixing tolerance index, and time to breakdown were influenced by the high-molecular weight glutenin genes Glu-B1 and Glu-D1. 相似文献
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蛋白质和淀粉含量对小麦面团流变学特性的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以小麦强筋品种山农12和中筋品种山农11为材料,利用面团重组方法,在保持面粉中其他成分不变的情况下,配成不同蛋白质和淀粉含量的样品,研究了蛋白质和淀粉含量对面团流变学特性的影响。结果表明,当蛋白质含量依次为120%、140%和160%时,两品种面团的峰值高度和峰值宽度呈显著增加趋势(P<0.05),最大抗延伸阻力山农12分别为40.7 CK）、49.8 g、59.0 g和71.6 g,山农11分别为20.6（CK）、29.5 g、32.1 g和36.0 g,呈增加趋势,而延伸性变化不大;当淀粉含量依次为85%、90%和95%时,两品种面团的峰值高度和峰值能量呈显著降低趋势(P<0.05),延伸性山农12 分别为110.8 mm（CK）、68.8 mm、59.2 mm和36.5 mm,山农11分别为81.6 mm（CK）、75.8 mm、59.1 mm和50.3 mm,呈降低趋势,而最大抗延伸阻力变化不大。 相似文献
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Dry white Chinese noodle (DWCN) is widely consumed in China, and genetic improvement of DWCN quality has become a major objective
for Chinese wheat breeding programs. One hundred and four bread wheat cultivars and advanced lines, including 88from major
Chinese wheat-producing areas, were sown in two locations for two years. Their DWCN quality, as evaluated by trained panelists,
was studied to determine the relationship between wheat quality parameters and DWCN quality attributes. In general, the cultivars
and advanced lines used in this study are characterized with acceptable protein content, but accompanied with weak-medium
gluten strength and poor extensibility, and substantial variation is observed for all grain and DWCN quality characters. On
average, Australia and USA wheat performed better DWCN quality than Chinese wheats. Simple correlation analysis indicated
that both grain hardness and Farinograph water absorption were negatively associated with cooked DWCN color, appearance, smoothness,
and taste. Flour whiteness and RVA peak viscosity was positively associated with all DWCN parameters, and their correlation
coefficients (r) with DWCN score are 0.34 and 0.41, respectively. Their positive contributions to DWCN quality were mostly
through improved color, appearance, smoothness, and taste. Farinograph mixing tolerance index (MTI) and softening were negatively
associated with all DWCN quality parameters, and their correlation coefficients with DWCN score are –0.50 and–0.54, respectively.
Further analysis indicated that association between protein content, Zeleny sedimentation value, Farinograph stability, and
Extensograph extensibility, and DWCN score fit quadratic regression model significantly, with R2 0.12, 0.32, 0.22, and 0.20, respectively. The associations between Zeleny sedimentation value and DWCN's appearance and taste
also fit quadratic regression model significantly. This suggests that to certain extent, increased protein content and gluten
quality contribute positively to DWCN quality, mostly by improving palatability, elasticity, and stickiness. High flour whiteness,
medium protein content, medium to strong gluten strength and good extensibility, and high starch peak viscosity are desirable
for DWCN quality. Genetic improvement for flour whiteness, protein quality and starch paste viscosity would increase the DWCN
quality of Chinese bread wheat cultivars.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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强筋小麦磨粉各出粉点的面粉品质特性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用布勒实验磨制粉,测定6个强筋小麦品种不同出粉点面粉的品质特性。结果表明,不同出粉点面粉的品质特性具有明显差异及变化规律。三道心磨粉的灰分含量、蛋白质含量、面糊色泽a*值和b*值、破损淀粉含量、面团形成时间和吸水率随出粉点后移均呈升高或增加趋势;而湿面筋含量、面糊色泽L*值、面团稳定时间、延伸性和最大抗延阻力随出粉点后移而降低。三道皮磨粉的蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、破损淀粉含量、面团吸水率、稳定时间、拉伸面积、延伸性随出粉点后移呈上升趋势;而面团拉伸参数和面包烘焙品质均高于心磨粉和统粉。不同出粉点的蛋白质与湿面筋含量呈极显著正相关(r=0.81**);灰分含量与面糊色泽的L*值呈极显著负相关(r=－0.89**);破损淀粉含量与吸水率呈极显著正相关(r=0.86**)。研究表明,通过对各出粉点取舍及混配,能够克服我国强筋小麦某些指标缺陷,以满足面包专用粉各项指标要求。 相似文献
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以Glu-1位点正常和部分缺失的小麦品系为材料,探讨HMW-GS和LMW-GS组成与谷蛋白聚合体粒度分布和面团特性的关系,为利用HMW-GS缺失系改良小麦品质提供理论依据。在20个供试硬白冬麦品系中,1个品系为Glu-A1位点缺失,5个品系为Glu-D1缺失,3个品系为Glu-A1和Glu-D1双缺失。所有品系的蛋白质含量皆较高(13.39%~14.12%),品系间无显著差异,缺失系与非缺失系间也无显著差异。Glu-1位点缺失显著降低了高分子量谷蛋白/低分子量谷蛋白比(HMW/LMW)、不溶性谷蛋白大聚体的含量和百分比。谷蛋白/醇溶蛋白比(GLU/GLI)在基因型间变幅较小,且在缺失系和非缺失系间无显著差异。Glu-1位点缺失显著降低了面团弹性,但显著提高了面团的延展性。部分Glu-1位点缺失系仍具有较高的面团强度和突出的延展性,谷蛋白聚合体粒度分布和面团特性受谷蛋白亚基组成和表达量的共同影响。研究结果表明,利用Glu-1位点亚基缺失可能是改善面筋延展性,提高食品加工品质的方法之一。 相似文献