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Long‐lasting β‐aminobutyric acid‐induced resistance protects tomato fruit against Botrytis cinerea 
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下载免费PDF全文 Minimizing losses to pests and diseases is essential for producing sufficient food to feed the world's rapidly growing population. The necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea triggers devastating pre‐ and post‐harvest yield losses in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Current control methods are based on the pre‐harvest use of fungicides, which are limited by strict legislation. This investigation tested whether induction of resistance by β‐aminobutyric acid (BABA) at different developmental stages provides an alternative strategy to protect post‐harvest tomato fruit against B. cinerea. Soil‐drenching plants with BABA once fruit had already formed had no impact on tomato susceptibility to B. cinerea. However, BABA application to seedlings significantly reduced post‐harvest infection of fruit. This resistance response was not associated with a yield reduction; however, there was a delay in fruit ripening. Untargeted metabolomics revealed differences between fruit from water‐ and BABA‐treated plants, demonstrating that BABA triggered a defence‐associated metabolomics profile that was long lasting. Targeted analysis of defence hormones suggested a role of abscisic acid (ABA) in the resistance phenotype. Post‐harvest application of ABA to the fruit of water‐treated plants induced susceptibility to B. cinerea. This phenotype was absent from the ABA‐exposed fruit of BABA‐treated plants, suggesting a complex role of ABA in BABA‐induced resistance. A final targeted metabolomic analysis detected trace residues of BABA accumulated in the red fruit. Overall, it was demonstrated that BABA induces post‐harvest resistance in tomato fruit against B. cinerea with no penalties in yield. 相似文献
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Cyclization of 3‐aryl‐1‐(2‐hydroxyphenyl)prop‐2‐en‐1‐ones with hydrazine hydrate in refluxing formic acid afforded the title ligands, 5‐aryl‐1‐formyl‐4,5‐dihydro‐3‐(2‐hydroxyphenyl)‐1H‐pyrazoles (HL1–HL4, Ar = Ph, 4‐CH3O‐C6H4‐, 2‐furyl, 2‐thienyl). Reaction of HL1–HL4 with the divalent metal ions, Mn2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+, afforded novel complexes of the type [ML2] (M = metal ion; L = deprotonated ligand) which were characterized by elemental analyses, molecular weight determinations, molar conductances, magnetic moments and electronic and infrared spectral data. The ligands behaved as tridentate, coordinating through the phenolic oxygen after deprotonation, N‐2 of the pyrazole ring and oxygen of the 1‐formyl group. The ligands and their complexes were evaluated for growth‐inhibiting activity against four phytopathogenic fungi. Macrophomina phaseoli was generally most sensitive followed by Alternaria alternata and Colletotrichum falcatum while Fusarium oxysporum was least sensitive to the tested compounds. The ligand HL1 and its complexes showed the best activity against the fungi tested. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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Phototransformation of metoxuron [3‐(3‐chloro‐4‐methoxyphenyl)‐1,1‐dimethylurea] in aqueous solution
Abdelaziz Boulkamh Dominique Harakat Tahar Sehili Pierre Boule 《Pest management science》2001,57(12):1119-1126
UV irradiation of metoxuron in aerated aqueous solution at 254 nm or between 300 and 450 nm led initially to an almost specific photohydrolysis of the C–Cl bond, resulting in the formation of 3‐(3‐hydroxy‐4‐methoxyphenyl)‐1,1‐dimethylurea (MX3) and hydrogen chloride. The quantum yield was determined to be 0.020 (±0.005) in solutions irradiated at 254 nm. Five minor photoproducts were also identified, in particular the dihydroxydimethoxybiphenyl derivatives resulting from the phototransformation of MX3. Irradiation increased the toxicity of an aqueous solution of metoxuron to the marine bacterium Vibrio fischeri. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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1,5‐Diphenyl‐1‐pentanone (A) and 1,5‐diphenyl‐2‐penten‐1‐one (B) are natural products extracted for the first time from Stellera chamaejasme. Laboratory bioassay showed that the two products have strong contact activity and very good anti‐feedant activity against Aphis gossypii and Schizaphis graminum. Both products showed dose‐dependent relationships for both forms of activity against the two aphids, the contact activity of B being about twice that of A. Both products were inferior to methomyl in contact activity but superior in anti‐feedant activity against the two aphids. This is the first report of aphicidal activity in these two compounds, which may represent a new class of aphicide. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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Bao‐Lei Wang Hong‐Wei Zhu Zheng‐Ming Li Xiao Zhang Shu‐Jing Yu Yi Ma Hai‐Bin Song 《Pest management science》2019,75(12):3273-3281
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A preinoculative soil drench application of 0·5 mm β‐aminobutyric acid (BABA) significantly inhibited colonization of oilseed rape (Brassica napus, susceptible cultivar Falcon) by Verticillium longisporum and also prevented plant stunting caused by the pathogen. To better understand the defence responses induced by BABA, the presence of occlusions in the plant hypocotyl, levels of salicylic acid (SA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activity and expression of PR‐1 and PDF1.2 genes were examined. Transverse sections through the hypocotyl region of BABA‐treated plants showed clear vessels surrounded by phenol‐storing cells, in contrast to numerous obstructed vessels in water‐treated plants, in response to the pathogen. A significant increase in SA levels was observed in the hypocotyls of both water‐ and BABA‐treated plants in response to the pathogen; however, SA levels were unrelated to disease resistance. The level of H2O2 decreased in both treatments in response to the pathogen. A significant increase in PAL activity was observed in hypocotyl tissues of BABA‐treated plants. The expression patterns of PR‐1 and PDF1.2 were similar in the two treatments in response to the pathogen, indicating no involvement of these genes in resistance. The results indicate a similar organ specificity of the plant hypocotyl for chemically induced internal resistance as for genotype‐related resistance, two phenomena which, however, are based on contrasting cytological responses in the vascular tissues. Nonetheless, evidence is provided that the activity of the phenylpropanoid pathway plays a crucial role in both types of resistance. 相似文献
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Knocking down a putative Δ1‐pyrroline‐5‐carboxylate dehydrogenase gene by RNA interference inhibits flight and causes adult lethality in the Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Pin‐Jun Wan Kai‐Yun Fu Feng‐Gong Lü Xin‐Xin Wang Wen‐Chao Guo Guo‐Qing Li 《Pest management science》2015,71(10):1387-1396
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Shaukath A Khanum Sheena Shashikanth Syagadadu Giriyanna Sathyanarayana Siddalingaiah Lokesh Saligrama A Deepak 《Pest management science》2009,65(7):776-780
BACKGROUND: Finger millet is a major food crop as well as feed and fodder for livestock, especially in regions of southern India. A sturdy crop to fluctuating environmental conditions, it can be cultivated in all seasons of the year. Leaf, neck and finger blast caused by Pyricularia grisea Sacc. and Bipolaris setariae (Saw.) Shoem, as well as leaf spot disease, Bipolaris nodulosa (Berk & M.A.Curtis) Shoem, are major production constraints in southern India. Apart from environmental conditions, the use of harvested seeds by farmers is a major reason for disease prevalence. Benzophenone analogues have been investigated for controlling phytopathogenic fungi. In addition, the most important applications of azetidin‐2‐ones are as antibiotics. Based on this information, the present study was conducted to explore the antifungal activity of integrated 2‐azetidinonyl and 1,3,4‐oxadiazoles moieties into a benzophenone framework. RESULTS: A simple high‐yielding method for the integration of heterocyclic rings, namely 2‐azetidinonyl, at the benzophenone nucleus has been achieved, starting from substituted 2‐hydroxybenzophenones under mild conditions on a wet solid surface using microwave irradiation. In the present study, an array of newly synthesised compounds, 2‐azetidinonyl‐5‐(2‐benzoylphenoxy)methyl‐1,3,4‐oxadiazoles, were screened for their antifungal property against blast and leaf spot causing fungi associated with the seeds of finger millet, cv. Indof‐9. CONCLUSION: Two of the newly synthesised compounds showed promising effects in depleting the incidence of seed‐borne pathogenic fungi of finger millet. The suppression of Pyricularia grisea and Bipolaris setariae resulted in enhanced seed germination and seedling growth. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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《EPPO Bulletin》2016,46(3):424-428
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