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1.
Wu Xingyin Zhang JinghuaForest Pest Control Quarantine Station of Archeng City of Heilongjiang ProvinceXiang Cunti Li Guisheng '''' Shao Zhongwen Liu Xiaoguang Ma LiyaNortheast Forestry UniversityZhang Xianwen Li Zhuo Xie Guicai Dang WenqiangArcheng Forestry Bureau of Heilongjiang Province 《林业研究》1991,2(2):7-16
The poplar bacterial canker caused by Erwinia sp is a serious disease spreading inmost parts of Northeast China,where poplars are cultivalted.The disease seriously infects thosepoplars belonging to section Aigeiros or the intersection hybrids of section Tacamahaca and section Aigeiros and their clones.Five fine poplar cultivars resistant to the bacterial canker have been ob-tained by screening tests.They are Lz_2(Populus simonii×nigra var.italica),A_(15)(P.×sp.)613(P.×sp.),A_(102)and A_(98)(P.simonii×sp.)T following chemicals are obviously effective,such as:50％DT germicide ,40％ XF-136 and 10％ C.C.M.A.or 12.5％ ramphencol and 50,000 ppm/mlvalidamycin,with which the stems or roots can be watered. 相似文献
2.
Development of leaf rust (Melampsora ciliata) in different species, hybrids and cultivars of poplar (Populus spp.) was studied in nursery‐grown plants. Five different criteria were used to assess the disease development. The mean disease index on 10 August was 9.4% which increased to 70.0% on 10 October. The lowest disease index (5.5%) was recorded in P. yunnanensis whereas the maximum was recorded in P. × euramericana‘Rubra‐Poiret’ (59.5%). The apparent infection rate per unit per day was highest in P. nigra × P. trichocarpa (9.7 × 10–2) whereas the minimum occurred in P. maximowiczii × P. berolinensis‘Oxford’ (3.3 × 10–2). The area under the disease progress curve was a maximum in P. × euramericana‘Rubra‐Poiret’ (26.7) and a minimum in P. yunnanensis (1.6). Complete defoliation by the first half of October occurred in P. nigra × P. trichocarpa, which also had the maximum apparent infection rate and area under the disease progress curve. Inoculum production was highest in P. nigra × P. trichocarpa and lowest in P. maximowiczii × P. berolinensis‘Oxford’. 相似文献
3.
Michael K. O’Neill Samuel C. Allen Robert F. Heyduck Kevin A. Lombard Dan Smeal Richard N. Arnold 《Agroforestry Systems》2014,88(3):387-396
A provenance test was initiated in spring 2002 at the New Mexico State University Agricultural Science Center at Farmington to examine the adaptability of various hybrid poplar (Populus spp.) crosses to the high elevation, semi-arid conditions of this region of the Southwestern United States. Ten crosses of P. deltoides, P. maximowiczii, P. nigra and P. trichocarpa obtained from nurseries in the Pacific Northwest were grown in replicates (3 plots × 16 trees) under drip irrigation programmed to match tree evapotranspiration (ET) rates. By the end of year 10, six crosses had maintained a 90 % or higher survival rate and had an average wood volume of 246 m3 ha?1. The P. deltoides × P. nigra (P. × canadensis) clone OP-367 surpassed a ten-year commercial target of 25-cm diameter at breast height (DBH) after eight seasons, and by the end of 2011 attained a DBH of 28.0 cm, height of 19.9 m and wood volume of 473 m3 ha?1. Results suggest that hybrid poplar production is possible in this type of semi-arid environment using appropriate germplasm and drip irrigation regimes scheduled according to tree ET demand. 相似文献
4.
Kevin Lombard Mick O’Neill Robert Heyduck Blake Onken April Ulery John Mexal Adrian Unc 《Agroforestry Systems》2011,81(1):45-56
Composted sewage sludge (biosolids) supply plant available Fe and may represent a sustainable alternative to more costly chelated
Fe fertilizers currently used to supplement nutrition in hybrid poplar test plots of elevated soil pH. To test the response
of poplars, field plots were amended with composted biosolids at two agricultural rates: 22.75 and 44.5 Mg ha−1. Iron EDDHA served as a fertilizer check and control plots received no amendment. The hybrid poplar OP-367 (Populus deltoides × P. nigra) was planted on a 3.6 m grid spacing. Significant amounts of P and Fe originating from the sewage treatment process were
detected in soils 13 months after amending. Chlorosis evaluated with a SPAD-502 meter, showed that poplars amended with biosolids
remained the least chlorotic and had greater tree growth when compared to Fe EDDHA and control plots during two growing seasons.
Biosolids show promise as a cost effective alternative for the remediation of Fe chlorosis in hybrid poplar agroforestry plantations
and present new opportunities in northwestern New Mexico for municipalities seeking solid waste land disposal options. 相似文献
5.
[目的]开展不同品系的杨树亲本来源、干部物理特性与抗性关系研究,为抗杨干象新品系的选育奠定一定基础.[方法]本研究连续2年研究了10个亲本51个不同杨树品系10~11年生杨树的被害株率、杨干象虫口密度与杨树木质部硬度、树皮硬度、树皮厚度、胸径等的关系.[结果]免疫品系、高抗虫品系、抗虫品系、感虫品系和高感虫品系木质部平均硬度分别为(47.38±1.71 ) HD、(46.07±1.17) HD、(44.64±1.61) HD、(41.84±1.66) HD、(40.73±2.04) HD;树皮平均硬度分别为(40±3.53) HD、(39.99±0.96) HD、(37.63±0.46) HD、(32.35±1.54) HD、(31.7±0.52) HD;平均胸径分别为(361.64±13.8) mm、(313.8±6.19) mm、(309.98±5.27) mm、(289.56±10.73) mm、(287.67±17.49) mm,亲本为美洲黑杨×青杨、马氏杨、美洲黑杨×马氏杨、小叶杨×胡杨的品系为抗虫品系;亲本欧洲黑杨×美洲黑杨、欧洲黑杨×小叶杨、美洲黑杨的多数品系为感虫品系.[结论]杨树木质部硬度与树皮硬度越大抗杨干象能力越强;胸径生长相对较快的品系抗性强;青杨、马氏杨、小叶杨为亲本抗虫性强,美洲黑杨、欧洲黑杨为亲本抗虫性差.在抗杨干象品系育种工作中应选择青杨、小青杨或甜杨做为亲本;避免以美洲黑杨或欧洲黑杨为亲本. 相似文献
6.
转基因杨树对美国白蛾幼虫中肠保护酶系统的影响(英文) 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
以转Bt基因欧洲黑杨(P.nigra L.)和转CpTI基因毛白杨(Populus tomentosa)叶片饲喂4-5龄美国白蛾（Hyphantria cunea Drury）幼虫，对其体内保护酶系统活性进行测定。结果表明，饲喂两种转基因杨树叶片的幼虫中肠保护酶表现出相似的变化规律，SOD、CAT和POD三种酶的活性在饲喂后数小时内逐渐增加，某一时刻达到最高值，此后突然下降。饲喂转Bt基因杨树叶片的幼虫，其中肠SOD、CAT活性峰值出现在饲喂后的24小时，POD活性峰值出现在饲喂后的12小时；饲喂转CpTI基因杨树叶片的幼虫，其中肠三种保护酶活性高峰出现时间均较前者滞后12小时。本文还比较了饲喂两种转基因叶片不同中毒程度的美国白蛾幼虫体内保护酶活性，发现不论饲喂那种转基因叶片，中毒较轻者其体内保护酶活性显著高于中毒较重者，这种差异在饲喂CpTI叶片的处理株表现尤为明显。 相似文献
7.
在龙江县、富裕县、讷河市等地,对20世纪80年代末90年代初引进和当地选育的杨树品种(品系)进行田间对比试验和测定,利用造林综合评价技术,筛选出适合齐齐哈尔地区生长的中短轮伐期杨树纤维用材林良种青山杨(Populus pseudo-cathayana×P.deltoides)、银中杨(Populus alba×P.berolinensis)和黑青杨(Populus eu-ramericana‘N3016’×P.ussuriensis)等,综合评价指数在2.75～3.00之间,为Ⅰ级,这些品种速生、材性好、抗逆性强、适应范围广,综合指标均好于对照品种小黑杨(Populus simonii×P.nigra)。 相似文献
8.
黑龙江省主要杨树纤维用材品种纸浆性能综合评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选择黑龙江省7个主要杨树纤维用材品种为研究对象,测定了木材纤维形态、化学成分和成浆性能,分析了林龄与主要纸浆性能间的相关关系,对7个品种纸浆性能进行了综合评价。试验结果表明:7个品种的纤维长度为0.88～1.17mm,纤维素含量为49.28%～59.77%,粗浆得率为50.41%～54.97%,上述指标均达到或超过优质纸浆标准;林龄与纤维长度、纤维素含量和粗浆得率间无显著相关关系;纸浆性能综合评价由高至低的顺序为黑青杨>小青黑>银中杨>大青杨>青山杨>小黑杨>迎春5号。 相似文献
9.
Harold E. Burkhart Amy M. Brunner Brian J. Stanton Richard A. Shuren Ralph L. Amateis Jerre L. Creighton 《New Forests》2017,48(4):479-490
Poplar species grow well across the temperate zone, but hybrid varieties have not previously been evaluated for planting in the Virginia Piedmont region. The top 12 clones in height growth and rust resistance from a screening trial involving 98 hybrid poplar varieties of three taxa (Populus deltoides × P. maximowiczii, DxM; P. deltoides × P. nigra, DxN; P. deltoides × P. trichocarpa, DxT) were selected for planting in replicated yield trials at two locations in the Virginia Piedmont. Results through the first four growing seasons showed that the DxM taxon had the most rapid height development. It was, however, the taxon most affected by a late spring frost at the Appomattox-Buckingham State Forest site and by Septoria stem canker at the Reynolds Homestead site. Analysis of variance of clonal and location effects showed highly significant differences among replicates within location and among clones within taxon. Among seven clones within the DxM taxon, pairwise comparison tests of height growth identified two groups: a group of four better clones that were significantly different (p = 0.05) from a second group of three. These early results suggest that multi-selection criteria, including growth, disease and frost resistance, are important when developing hybrid poplar clones for planting in the Piedmont region. 相似文献
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12.
《Forest Ecology and Management》2007,238(1-3):92-106
Wood density is considered as one of the most important wood properties which affects the properties and value of both fibrous and solid wood products. The present study was intended for evaluating the possibilities of improving wood quality and growth of poplar hybrids. Wood density components of individual growth rings (minimum and maximum wood density, average ring density) and growth traits (tree height, dbh, stem volume) were measured in four 10- and 12-year-old clonal trials of four poplar hybrids, Populus deltoides × P. nigra, P. trichocarpa × P. deltoides, P. maximowiczii × P. balsamifera, and P. balsamifera × P. nigra, as well as P. deltoides. Wood density components of individual growth rings were obtained from microdensitometeric profiles measured with a direct reading X-ray densitometer. Site had a moderately significant effect on wood density and a highly significant effect on tree growth. The hybrid effect was highly significant (P < 0.001) for most traits. Minimum, maximum and weighted wood densities were found to be under strong genetic control, with clonal repeatabilities varying between 0.45 and 0.81. The coefficient of genotypic variation (CVG) for wood density at individual sites ranged from 4.0 to 6.8%, whereas CVG for dry fiber weight (mass) reached 32.8% with repeatabilities of up to 0.67. A small but significant (P = 0.028) hybrid × environment interaction was found for dry fiber weight. The highest ecological sensitivity was found for P. deltoides × P. nigra, with ecovalence reaching 32.3%. Clonal × environment interaction was significant for weighted, average, and minimum wood density. Significant negative genotypic correlations between stem volume and wood density ranged from −0.39 to −0.74. One possible strategy in tree breeding would be to maximize wood fiber production through selection for dry fiber weight. 相似文献
13.
昆虫取食和挥发物诱导的杨树叶片中LOX和PAL活性变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了探索昆虫取食诱导的木本植物体内所产生的防御反应,以合作杨（Populus simonii×P.pyramidalis,‘Opera8277’）扦插苗为实验材料,经杨扇舟蛾（Clostera anachoreta）幼虫取食后,检测叶片中茉莉酸（jasmonate,JA）途径中的关键酶——脂氧合酶（lipoxygenase,LOX）及苯基丙酸类合成途径中的限速酶——苯丙氨酸解氨酶（phenylalanine ammonia lyase,PAL）的活性变化。结果显示,LOX和PAL的活性不仅在虫咬叶片中出现增加,在虫咬叶片上部的系统叶片中也有显著升高,表明茉莉酸途径和苯基丙酸类合成途径被激活,而且防御反应被系统性诱导。并且,与虫咬植株邻近的健康杨树叶片中LOX和PAL的增加表明,杨树间存在由昆虫取食诱导挥发物介导的信息传递。熏蒸实验也证明,茉莉酸甲酯（methyl jasmonate,MeJA）能够作为气体信号诱导合作杨植株产生防御反应。 相似文献
14.
The incidence of poplar mosaic virus evidenced by foliage symptoms, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or bioassay (infectivity) was greater in stooled clones having Aigeiros (especially as the female) parents than in those of Tacamahaca parentage. The overall prevalence of the virus in clones growing in England was less (84/344, 24%) than in clones growing in Poland (143/256, 56%). Whereas symptoms in PMV-infected P. deltoides were prominent and common, in P. nigra, another species assigned to the Section Aigeiros they were indistinct and rare. Evidence of poplar mosaic virus inferred from ELISA alone was found in only one aspen of 52 tested clones in the Sections Leuce, Leuce × Leuce or Leucoides. 相似文献
15.
THEACTIONLAWoFADULTThcadultsofOsierweevilwereobservedonafixedspotinfieldandraisedindoorsandinfieldseparatelyinl987-9o.Theboxes(4()x4()x6ocm)ineachofWhichl5pairsofadultswereplacedwereusedwiththrcere-peats.Thesamesizesofboxesinwhichtl1eadultsxvcrcraisedx`eredesignedindoorswithtWorepeats.l5canswerealsousedineachofwhlchapairofadultwasplaced.ThefreshbranchesofPoplarthattheadultswcrelikctoeatt`crereplacedilladayabout.ThcEmcrgcnccLawofAdultOsierwecvilstartcdemergenceinthclasttendaysofJuly.… 相似文献
16.
The role of plant eIF5A proteins in multiple biological processes, such as protein synthesis regulation, translation elongation, mRNA turnover, programmed cell death and stress tolerance is well known. Toward using these powerful proteins to increase stress tolerance in agricultural plants, in the present study, we cloned and characterized PsneIF5A2 and PsneIF5A4 from young poplar (P. simonii × P. nigra) leaves. The deduced amino acid sequences of PsneIF5A2 and PsneIF5A4 were 98 % similar to each other, and they are orthologs of eIF5A1 in Arabidopsis. In a subcellular localization analysis, PsneIF5A2 and PsneIF5A4 proteins were localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm. qRT-PCR analysis showed that PsneIF5A2 and PsneIF5A4 were transcribed in poplar flowers, stem, leaves, and roots. In addition, they were also induced by abiotic stresses. Transgenic yeast expressing PsneIF5A2 and PsneIF5A4 had increased salt, heavy metal, osmotic, oxidative tolerance. Our results suggest that PsneIF5A2 and PsneIF5A4 are excellent candidates for genetic engineering to improve salt and heavy metal tolerance in agricultural plants. 相似文献
17.
Context
The European black poplar (Populus nigra) is considered one of the most seriously endangered indigenous tree species. However, the total area covered by monoclonal plantations of hybrid poplar is growing, because of the high profitability of these trees. 相似文献18.
QINGuanq-hua JIANGYue-zhong QIAOYu-ling B.Nottola 《林业研究》2003,14(3):225-229
Poplar is one of the dominant tree species for the establishment of fast growing plantations in Shandong Province.Eighteen poplar clones belonging to Populus aigeiros section were introduced from Italy, Turkey and domestic regions. Populus deltoides cv. ‘Lux‘ 1-69/55 (1-69), which was widely used in Shandong Province, China, was taken as control clone (1-69).Following a randomized complete block design, seedling test and controlled afforestation trials were carried out at Juxian County,Caoxian County and Laiyang City. The results showed that the poplar clone (Populus x euramericana cv. ‘102/74‘), namely 102/74, performed well both in terms of adaptability and growth rate. The mean height of 13.9 m (H), diameter at breast height of 18.0 cm (DBH) and volume growth of 0.1445 m3 (V) were 2.2 %, 21.6% and 52.9% higher than those of 1-69 (CK), respectively,at the age of 5 years at three experimental sites. Moreover, the clone can be propagated easily and showed high resistance to poplar disease, pest as well as salinity and had longer growing period. Furthermore, wood basic density and fiber length of new poplar clone (102/74) were as same as 1-69 (CK). It was concluded that the selected clone (102/74) was ideal for the estab-lishment of fast-growing poplar plantations, especially for the pulpwood plantations in Shandong Province. 相似文献
19.
The integration of forage crops in an alley-cropped system was examined as a method of encouraging tree planting to increase
farm income, improve soil quality, and enhance biodiversity on Midwestern U.S. farms. Crop and tree performance were evaluated
in an alley-cropped system using four forage intercrops grown in tree alleyways to simulate a potential hay crop – oat (Avena sativa L.) and red clover (Trifolium pratense L.); oat, red clover, and red fescue (Festuca rubra L.); oat, red clover, and orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.); and oat and hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) – compared to a herbicide, mowing and control (no management) treatment. Five tree species, divided into fast-growing
hardwoods of two poplar (Populus spp.) clones [Crandon (P. alba L. × P. grandidentata Michx.) and Eugenei (P. deltoids Bartr. × P. nigra L.)], and silver maple (Acer saccharinum L.) were compared with two high-value, slow-growing hardwoods planted from seed and as seedlings: red oak (Quercus rubra L.) and black walnut (Juglans nigra L.). Tree survival in the first year was greater for the fast-growing species, and by the fourth year, tree height among
the four forage treatments was equivalent for all upland locations. The oat/hairy vetch ground cover was associated with the
shortest trees in the bottomland site. Herbicide-treated trees were taller than the average of the four forage treatments
for all four planting conditions. Tree height in the mowing and the control treatments was not significantly different for
all four planting conditions. The nutritive value of the forage crop was excellent in the second year of tree establishment,
with crude protein content and digestibility at 17 and 71%, respectively, in the oat/red clover/red fescue treatment, suggesting
the viability of forage crops as alternatives to herbicides in alley-cropped systems. 相似文献
20.
Rainer Petzold Kai Schwärzel Karl-Heinz Feger 《European Journal of Forest Research》2011,130(5):695-706
The aim of this study was to investigate transpiration and its main driving factors on the example of a hybrid poplar plantation
with the clone Populus maximowiczii × P. nigra, cv. Max 1 on a site in the hilly loess region of Saxony (Germany). Transpiration was measured using sap flow techniques
during the 2007 and 2008 growing season. At the same time, throughfall, soil moisture dynamics and soil physical properties
were also measured. Total transpiration rates amounted to 486 mm and 463 mm, respectively, during the 2 years. Maximum daily
transpiration rates reached 6.7 mm/day, while an average of 2.2 mm/day for the entire growing season was recorded. The main
controlling factors for stand transpiration included the evaporative demand, water availability and soil temperature. The
information was implemented into a simple empirical model for the prediction of transpiration. It can be concluded that large-scale
establishment of poplar plantations will result in a distinct reduction in groundwater recharge. On the other hand, surface
run-off and soil erosion may decrease. Due to limited water availability in the late growing season, the growth potential
of the tested clone cannot fully be exploited at many sites in Germany. 相似文献