共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
1.
刘建军 《养殖与饲料．饲料世界》2021,(3)
新生犊牛是一个特殊的群体,由于年龄比较小,身体机能、器官没有发育完全,需要对其进行特殊的饲养管理。为此,本文介绍了新生犊牛的特点:容易发病,对营养需求较高,对环境要求较高;简述了新生犊牛的饲养管理要点和新生犊牛的常见疾病:犊牛脐炎、犊牛衰弱、犊牛窒息等,并提出了相应的治疗方法。 相似文献
2.
新生犊牛腹泻发病率及死亡率较高,给牧场造成了严重的经济损失。新生犊牛口鼻污染是导致1～14日龄犊牛腹泻的主要诱发因素之一。从生产管理角度出发防控口鼻污染引发的犊牛腹泻是防止新生犊牛腹泻的关键措施。接助产的规范管理是防范该病的重要一环,产前准备、分娩过程的干预,新生犊牛的护理等环节的管理不当都可能引起新生犊牛口鼻污染引发的腹泻的发病率的升高。此外,犊牛舍和牧场的环境卫生管理、犊牛饮食管理和牧场工作人员管理等其他方面也可能导致该病的高发。本文将从这几个方面阐述如何防范新生犊牛口鼻污染。 相似文献
3.
新生犊牛下痢是新生犊牛多发病之一,一般占犊牛疾病的80％左右。该病发生原因很多,但主要与新生犊牛吃不上或不能及时吃到初乳有关。因初乳含有丰富的免疫球蛋白和溶菌酶,是新生犊不可缺 相似文献
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5.
薛素琴 《畜牧兽医科技信息》2020,(1):74-75
随着时代的发展和科技的进步,国家对新生犊牛疾病预防和治疗提出了新的要求和目标,需要大力宣传犊牛疫病的危害并进行预防和免疫,进一步减少疫病发生的机会,保证新生犊牛的生存率,提高产量。1新生犊牛疾病防治存在的问题1.1防治人员缺乏创新思维防治新生犊牛疾病的人员缺乏创新的工作思维将严重降低犊牛的成活率,不能有效保证畜牧业的正常发展,无法为畜牧业创造可观的经济效益和社会效益,从而减少犊牛的生态规模。因为一些新生犊牛疾病的防治人员只是按传统的方法进行治疗,而忽视了创新思维对抑制新生犊牛疾病的重要意义,盲目的认为防治工作只要保持原来的工作思想和工作方法,就能保证新生犊牛的生存率。甚至还有人认为创新思维和方法会增加防治人员的负担和工作量,浪费财力和物力,阻碍畜牧业的良好发展。随着环境和养殖规模的变化,新生犊牛发生疾病的概率不断增加,且疾病种类也出现上升趋势,如果继续以传统方法预防和治疗新生犊牛疾病,不能获得良好的治疗效果,甚至会使疾病进一步恶化而导致死亡。 相似文献
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10日龄犊牛是腹泻疾病高发期，特别是在季节交替阶段，该种疾病发病率更高。当犊牛出现该种疾病后通常会有消化不良及腹泻等表现,若没有得到及时有效的治疗，则会加大其他疾病感染风险，甚至还会导致犊牛出现严重脱水，从而发生死亡。在新生犊牛中，腹泻发病概率超过80%，不仅严重影响犊牛的成活率，还会给养殖户带来经济损失。基于此，主要介绍了新生犊牛生理特点及腹泻病因，分析了新生犊牛腹泻症状，并提出了新生犊牛腹泻病的防治策略，希望可以为养殖人员防控新生犊牛腹泻病提供新思路。 相似文献
7.
《畜牧兽医科技信息》2020,(6)
正新生犊牛腹泻是一种较为常见的疾病,以奶牛新生犊牛腹泻最为常见。新生犊牛发生腹泻会拒绝吸乳,腹泻症状加不吸乳往往会加剧犊牛的死亡。由于新生犊牛的消化系统尚未完全发育,受多种因素影响易引发腹泻,且腹泻病因复杂,诊断难度较大。考虑到新生犊牛消化系统免疫功能不全,治疗时还要考虑药物是否对其肠胃造成二次损伤,因此需要结合病因分析和腹泻症状对症治疗。 相似文献
8.
正新生犊牛易发的腹泻、脐带炎、肺炎、窒息等,严重威胁着新生犊牛的健康成长,如果不及时地预防和治疗常导致新生犊牛的死亡。下文主要介绍腹泻和脐带炎这两种疾病的预防与治疗措施。1新生犊牛腹泻新生犊牛腹泻的发病原因,一是由于犊牛消化机能障碍。二是在犊牛出生时没有及时饲喂母牛初乳,饲喂较晚或饲喂奶量不足。三是喂养工具没有进行严格的消毒,没做到四定(定时、定量、定温和定饲养员)。四是犊牛出生产房的保温 相似文献
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新生犊牛脐炎是因新生犊牛脐带的断端受细菌感染而引起的脐血管及其周围组织发生的一种炎症。一般发生于犊牛生后3-6天。几年来我们所接触的新生犊牛脐炎有350例之多，占分娩犊牛的1．4％左右。 相似文献
10.
张玉晶 《北方牧业(奶牛)》2008,(9)
新生犊牛脐炎是因新生犊牛脐带的断端受细菌感染而引起的脐血管及其周围组织发生的一种炎症。一般发生于犊牛生后3-6天。几年来我们所接触的新生犊牛脐炎有360例之多．占分娩犊牛的1．5％左右。 相似文献
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提高新生犊牛成活率集成技术 《畜牧与饲料科学》2016,37(6):114-114
犊牛是牛群的后备力量,其成活率的高低,直接关系到牛群未来的生长性能、繁殖性能与养殖经济效益。根据新生犊牛各组织器官均未发育成熟、防卫功能尚不健全、对外界环境适应力弱、抵抗力差和易患病的特点,结合犊牛的生理要求和行为习性,对围产期母牛饲养管理及初生犊牛护理等方面的技术要点进行了阐述。 相似文献
12.
【目的】 新生犊牛被动免疫转移失败（failure of passive transfer,FPT）会导致犊牛发病率和死亡率显著增高,影响后期生长发育。本试验针对国外引进的安格斯母牛初乳产量和质量进行测定,并对其新生犊牛被动免疫效果进行评估,以期为新生犊牛初乳管理措施制定提供科学依据。【方法】 随机选择健康安格斯初产母牛（24月龄）和经产母牛（36~48月龄）各15头,待母牛产犊后立即进行人工挤奶测定初乳产量、营养成分及免疫球蛋白浓度。选取初产和经产新生犊牛各15头,测定其初生重,分别采集犊牛出生后未食初乳（0 h）和食初乳后（24~36 h）血样,测定其血清总蛋白含量及各生理生化指标。【结果】 初产母牛平均初乳产量极显著低于经产母牛,但其初乳中乳蛋白、非脂乳固体、乳糖、灰分含量,以及密度和电导率均极显著高于经产母牛（P<0.01）。初产母牛和经产母牛初乳中免疫球蛋白浓度分别为28.72%和26.24%,合格率分别为93.33%和91.67%,差异均不显著（P>0.05）;初产和经产新生犊牛被动免疫失败率分别为33.3%和25.0%;初产新生犊牛平均初生重极显著低于经产新生犊牛（P<0.01）;被动免疫成功犊牛平均初生重和球蛋白含量均极显著高于被动免疫失败犊牛（P<0.01）。【结论】 新疆安格斯犊牛FPT的主要原因可能是母牛初乳产量低导致新生犊牛初乳摄入不足,初生重较低的犊牛FPT的风险性较高。本研究为制定切实可行的新生安格斯犊牛初乳补饲计划提供了科学基础。 相似文献
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Despite advances in dairy herd health and productivity, perinatal calf mortality rates are still unacceptably high on many dairy farms. The key features of successful newborn dairy calf management are ensuring heifers and cows are moved in time to calve in suitable maternity housing, discreet calving supervision and appropriate timing of any necessary calving assistance, immediate parturient evaluation of at-risk newborn calves followed by aggressive resuscitation, strategic navel antisepsis, early detection (and treatment) of perinatal problems, and prompt movement of the newborn calf to hygienic calf housing. Veterinarian-led producer implementation of active management of calving and newborn calf care can improve perinatal welfare and health. 相似文献
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初生犊牛的阴囊肿瘤多与阴囊疝、腹股沟疝有关,在出生后2～3月龄出现明显的阴囊肿大症状,初生犊牛出现阴囊肿大的尚不多见。2020年8月10日,在人工助产过程中出生的犊牛发现有阴囊肿大的现象,随即对该犊牛阴囊肿大的发生原因和逾期饲养管理过程进行关注,并讨论研究,从根本上理清初生犊牛阴囊肿大的发生原因,有效防范此种病例的出生后饲养管理提供一定的参考。 相似文献
15.
D M Barber 《The Veterinary record》1979,104(17):385-386
The feeding of colostrum to newborn calves from a bucket was found to be more effective in ensuring immune globulin uptake than leaving cow and calf together for two days post partum. A marked seasonal variation in the immune globulin status of calves, which could not readily be explained by management factors, was noted during two consecutive seasons. 相似文献
16.
L Eriksson 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》1972,13(2):197-205
From 31 calves samples were taken from blood, urine and kidneys in a slaughterhouse. The calves were divided into three age groups: A. Newborn calves, B. Grazing calves, C. Bulls and heifers. The renal cortical and papillary potassium concentrations were higher in younger than in older calves. The corticopapillary urea and sodium concentration gradients during antidiuresis give good information about renal concentrating ability. The urea gradient was fully developed in the newborn calves. The sodium gradient, however, showed a small, but statistically significant difference between the age groups. Thus the papillary sodium content was lower in the newborn calves than in the older animals while the cortical sodium concentration was higher in the newborn and in the grazing calves than in bulls and heifers. Compared to the neonatal rat and rabbit the newborn calf has a high, but not fully developed corticopapillary concentration gradient. 相似文献
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OBJECTIVE: To determine concentrations of electrolytes, total bilirubin, urea, creatinine, and hemoglobin; activities of some enzymes; and Hct and number of leukocytes and erythrocytes of newborn calves in relation to the degree of acidosis and treatment with a hypertonic sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO(3)) solution. ANIMALS: 20 acidotic newborn calves with a blood pH < 7.2 and 22 newborn control calves with a blood pH > or = 7.2. PROCEDURES: Approximately 10 minutes after birth, acidotic calves were treated by IV administration of 5% NaHCO(3) solution. The amount of hypertonic solution infused was dependent on the severity of the acidosis. RESULTS: Treatment resulted in a significant increase in the mean +/- SEM base excess from -8.4 +/- 1.2 mmol/L immediately after birth to 0.3 +/- 1.1 mmol/L 120 minutes later. During the same period, sodium concentration significantly increased from 145.3 +/- 0.8 mmol/L to 147.8 +/- 0.7 mmol/L. Mean chloride concentration before NaHCO(3) administration was significantly lower in the acidotic calves (99.6 +/- 1.1 mmol/L) than in the control calves (104.1 +/- 0.9 mmol/L). Calcium concentration in acidotic calves decreased significantly from before to after treatment. Concentrations of potassium, magnesium, and inorganic phosphorus were not affected by treatment. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Administration of hypertonic NaHCO(3) solution to acidotic neonatal calves did not have any adverse effects on plasma concentrations of several commonly measured electrolytes or enzyme activities. The treatment volume used was smaller, compared with that for an isotonic solution, which makes it more practical for use in field settings. 相似文献
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l. kaartinen S. pyÖrÄlÄ m. moilanen & s. rÄisÄnen 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》1997,20(6):479-482
The pharmacokinetic behaviour of enrofloxacin was compared in four one-day-old and four one-week-old calves in order to find out if there were any age-related differences. Mean volume of distribution ( V d(ss) ) and clearance ( Cl ) were significantly smaller in newborn calves: V d(ss) was 1.8 and 2.3 L/kg, while clearance was 0.19 and 0.39 L/kg.h in newborn and one-week-old calves, respectively. Mean elimination half-life ( t 1/2β ) did not differ significantly in newborn and in one-week-old calves: mean t 1/2β was 6.6 h and 4.9 h, respectively. Enrofloxacin was metabolized to ciprofloxacin both by newborn and one-week-old calves, but the maximum concentration ( C max ) of ciprofloxacin was lower and the time when maximum concentration was reached ( t max ) later in newborn calves. We conclude that the dosage of enrofloxacin should be adjusted according to age when administered to very young calves. 相似文献
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S. Tzipori B. V.Sc. 《Australian veterinary journal》1975,51(5):251-253
The pathogenicity of a field strain, 417, of bovine ephemeral fever (BEF) virus for newborn and young calves was investigated. Three colostrum-deprived newborn calves inoculated intravenously developed severe clinical disease and viraemia, and produced long-lasting neutralising antibody. The incubation period in these animals was 10 and 11 days, compared with 5 to 7 days for older calves. Two newborn calves which received colostrum from immune dams and 2 which received colostrum from non-immune dams failed to respond clinically to intravenous inoculation with strain 417. The neutralising antibody response of these calves was of short duration. Four calves, 7 to 8 weeks old and lacking detectable neutralising antibody to BEF virus, or having low levels of antibody, did not develop clinical disease when inoculated intravenously. Four calves 12 to 14 weeks of age and free of detectable neutralising antibody to BEF virus developed clinical disease when inoculated with strain 417. 相似文献