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1.
Summary Protocols for plant regeneration from cotyledon explant and anther cultures of Sinapis alba have been developed for creating doubled-haploids and somaclonal variation. Among the several cultivars tested in this study, only Arda responded well to in vitro plant regeneration both from anther-as well as cotyledoncultures. Multiple shoot formation in cotyledon explants, which always followed a brief callusing phase, was found to be the best on MS medium with ZEA (1.0mg/l) and NAA (0.1mg/l). Regeneration frequency declined sharply in the absence of auxin or presence of other cytokinins and/or auxin. The frequency of shoot regeneration also declined with reduction in the photoperiod to 16h. On MS + BAP (1.0mg/l) + NAA (1.0mg/l) medium, cotyledonary explants showed profuse callusing, which could regenerate shoots on high ZEA + low NAA/IAA medium. However, it declined with progressing time in culture. Anthers, excised from fresh as well as cold pretreated buds, cultured on 10% sucrose containing MS media with different hormonal constitution, developed calli and/or embryos. Initial culture temperature was important with embryogenesis occurring only in anthers cultured at 30°C for 3 weeks. A high temperature (35°C) treatment was lethal for both callus as well as embryo formation. While BAP + NAA and ZEA + NAA/IAA supported embryogenesis, further plant regeneration from anther-or embryo-callus could be achieved in ZEA + NAA/IAA media. Some of the regenerants flowered already in vitro and had small and sterile flowers. Cytological examination of some of the root differentiating calli indicated the presence of haploid as well as diploid cells. Shoots were rooted during prolonged incubation on the same medium or on transfer to MS (reduced)/ B5 + ZEA + NAA media. 相似文献
2.
Optimization of mature embryo-based high frequency callus induction and plant regeneration from elite wheat cultivars grown in China 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
We have developed an efficient procedure for plant regeneration of elite wheat cultivars using mature embryos. Firstly, we established the optimal combination of basal media, inoculation method and pretreatment method using biostatistical methods. The results indicated that the combination of MS medium and longitudinally bisected mature embryos showed the highest culture efficiency, whereas the pretreatment method had no significant effects on callus induction or plant regeneration. A 70% primary callus induction rate was achieved on MS medium containing 2 mg/l 2,4‐d for all tested cultivars. Primary calli were then transferred onto the subculture medium to initiate embryogenic calli. Supplementation of the subculture medium with the appropriate combination of phytohormones (2.0 mg/l 2,4‐d , 0.5 mg/l BA and 0.1 mg/l NAA) significantly enhanced embryogenic callus production. The addition of AgNO3 (10 mg/l) in regeneration medium promoted plant regeneration, whereas CuSO4 stimulated root formation. The use of this protocol achieved successful plant regeneration in eight tested cultivars. The culture efficiency ranged from 15.3% to 36.8%, suggesting this regeneration system may be an effective alternative for wheat genetic transformation. 相似文献
3.
Mohsen Hesami Mohammad Hosein Daneshvar 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2018,21(2):129-136
The aim of this study is to introduce the suitable protocol for indirect regeneration from seedling-derived leaf segment of Ficus religiosa. The leaf explant successfully produced callus on MS medium containing various concentrations of auxin in combination with BAP. The maximum callus induction (100%) was achieved in MS medium containing 0.5 mg/l 2,4-D plus 0.05 mg/l BAP and MS medium containing 1.5 mg/l NAA plus 0.15 mg/l BAP as well. MS medium consisting of 2,4-D produced yellow-brownish and friable callus (type I) while the yellowish and compact calli (type II) were obtained in MS medium consisting of NAA. On the other hand, MS medium supplemented with IBA formed greenish and compact calli (type Ш). The regeneration rate in type II callus was less than the type I, and there was no shoot induction observed on type Ш calli. MS medium supplemented with 1.5 mg/l BAP in combination with 0.15 mg/l IBA had the highest regeneration frequency (100%) and maximum shoot numbers (5.16) as well as shoot length (2.56 cm) in type I callus. A maximum of 93.33% root induction was observed in MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/l IBA plus 0.1mg/l NAA. The plantlets were successfully transferred to the greenhouse. This system could be utilized for large-scale multiplication of Ficus religiosa. 相似文献
4.
甘薯胚性细胞悬浮培养系的建立 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
地甘薯胚性细胞悬浮增减系的进行了研究。将１２个基因的长约０．５ｍｍ的茎尖培养在含有０．２ｍｇ／Ｌ或２．０ｍｇ／Ｌ２，４－Ｄ的ＭＳ培养基上，形成了胚性愈伤组织。胚性愈伤组织的形成率因基因型和２，４－Ｄ深度不同而很大差异，为０－７５．７％。一方面，将胚性愈伤组织继续增减在含有２，４－Ｄ的ＭＳ培养基上，它们形成了处于各发育时期的体细胞胚。将具有体细胞胚的胚性愈伤组织转移到ＭＳ基本培养基上，体细胞胚发育成 相似文献
5.
The effect of in planta TIBA and L-proline onin vitro seedlings and cell culture of sugar beet was investigated. Sterilized seeds were grownin vitro on 1/2 MS medium supplemented with 0 or3 mg/l TIBA. Calli obtained on young leaves cultured on MS medium containing 1 mg/l
BAP, were used for the initiation of cell suspension cultures using MS basal composition supplemented with 0 or 50 mM proline.
Aliquots of 1 ml from cell suspension culture were inoculated onto the first somatic embryo induction MS medium containing
TIBA 0.5 mg/l, BAP 1.0 mg/l, and proline at 0 or 50 mM. After three weeks of culture, embryogenic calli were transferred to
the second embryo induction medium supplemented with NAA and BAP at 0.2 and 0.5 mg/l, respectively. The frequency of somatic
embryos of calli obtained from in plantaTIBA together with proline treatments on average was20 which was higher than that of the other treatments.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
6.
Immature embryos resulting from the cross V. vexillata × V. unguiculata were cultured on MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D
(2 mg/l) and resulted in embryogenic calli. Thirteen hybrid regenerants were obtained via organogenesis by subculturing the
calli on MS medium supplemented with BAP (2 mg/l) + adenine sulphate (40 mg/l) + CH (500 mg/l) + cowpea tender pod extract
(10%). The interspecific regenerants showed intermediate morphological traits between the parents for leaf shape, pod colour
and seed coat colour. The hybrid plants inherited stem, leaf and pod hairiness of the wild species which could serve as a
mechanical barrier against viral vectors. Electrophoretic studies of two isozyme systems, peroxidase and esterase, also confirms
the hybrid nature of the regenerants as they expressed unique bands of both parents. Cytological study of the meiotic chromosomes
revealed high frequency of univalent formation in the hybrids suggesting that the genomes of the parental species are structurally
differentiated. The hybrid regenerants exhibited high enzyme activity for three enzymes viz., peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase
and phenyl alanine ammonia lyase over the cultivated parent which may be useful in conferring resistance against viral pathogens.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
7.
为获得天蓝苜蓿单倍体再生植株,本研究以野生天蓝苜蓿花药为外植体,采用正交设计L16(44)筛选适宜天蓝苜蓿愈伤组织诱导培养基,比较不同基本培养基及生长调节剂组合筛选适宜的分化培养基,并用1/3MS、1/2MS和MS添加不同浓度的NAA研究不定生根。结果表明:天蓝苜蓿现蕾15~25 d的花药其愈伤组织诱导效果最好,高达60.5%。4℃低温预处理2~4 d有利于愈伤组织诱导,诱导率达77.2%。适宜花药愈伤组织诱导的培养基为NB+2,4-D 1.0 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+TDZ 1.0 mg/L,诱导率达78.5%。比较不同基本培养及生长调节剂的不同组合发现,NB培养基愈伤组织分化效果优于B5和MS,NB+NAA0.5 mg/L+6-BA 2.0 mg/L适宜愈伤组织的分化,分化率为66.3%。不定芽在1/3MS+NAA 0.5 mg/L中培养,生根率最高,为86.55%。本研究建立了天蓝苜蓿花药培养再生体系,获得了单倍体植株,为天蓝苜蓿的育种实践及基因组学研究提供基础材料。 相似文献
8.
Copper tolerance of Nicotiana tabacum L. var. Xanthi in vitro was achieved through plant regeneration from leaf explants on Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l BA, 0.1–0.25 mg/l IAA and 60 μ m Cu. Tolerant organogenic calli showed more vigorous growth in medium containing 60 μ m Cu than the non-tolerant calli. Standard growth parameters such as fresh and dry weight of organogenic callus, growth tolerance index (GTI), enzyme activity (peroxidase and catalase) and copper accumulation were used as indicators of copper tolerance. The activities of peroxidase and catalase as well as estimation of protein, total amino acid and chlorophyll were greater in tolerant calli than non-tolerant ones. The GTI in the 4 weeks after the beginning of treatments yielded significant differences among the tolerant and non-tolerant organogenic callus cultures. The accumulation of copper in the tolerant calli increased significantly with an increase in copper concentration in the medium. Shoot bud regeneration was achieved in both tolerant and non-tolerant organogenic calli on MS medium containing 0.5 mg/l BA and 0.1 mg/l IAA. The tolerant regenerated shoots were rooted on half-strength basal MS medium with 60 μ m Cu for selection of tolerant clones. This study may help in the selection and characterization of Cu-tolerant lines of N. tabacum cv. 'Xanthi' for building conservation strategies and also for phytoremediation programmes. 相似文献
9.
In order to develop fully inbred chicory plants, dihaploid plants were raised from callus derived from microspores of three selected Witloof, Robin and Treviso types. Microspores were isolated from florets containing pollen at the uninuclear state and cultured in a modified MS medium plus 0.5mg/l 2,4-D, 0.5mg/l IAA and 2.0mg/l zeatin. During culture periods of up to 6 months, gametoplasts emerged from pollen grains, divided and started to form colonies and calli. These were subcultured on the same basal medium supplemented with 0.5mg/l BA and 0.5mg/l IAA. Shoot growth was enhanced on a low salt-containing medium supplemented with 0.4mg/l kinetin and 0.2mg/l IAA. Shoots were rooted on a half-strength Lepoivre medium plus 0.2mg/l IBA and finally transferred to soil. Florets were excised from 34 capitula, but only microspores from four of them developed into plants via callus. More than 450 plants were raised in the greenhouse and the field. Leaves from these plants were subjected to DNA fluorescence analysis via flow cytometry: a range of ploidy levels was detected. The cell composition of 44 of these plants was predominantly haploid, with a diploid background. Regenerant plant phenotypes were compared with the parent genotypes. The value of such haploids in commercial chicory breeding is discussed. 相似文献
10.
大叶黄杨幼茎愈伤组织诱导的研究初报 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以大叶黄杨的幼茎段为外植体,在添加BA和NAA、IBA、2,4-D不同激素组合的MS培养基上培养,对其愈伤组织进行诱导试验。结果表明：①生长素对愈伤组织诱导的效应为2,4-D >NAA>IBA;②在不同激素组合培养基上均可诱导出愈伤组织,其中MS+BA1.0~2.0 mg/L+NAA 1.0~1.5 mg/L、MS+BA1.5~2.0 mg/L+IBA1.0~1.5 mg/L、MS+BA0.5~1.0 mg/L+2,4-D 0.5~1.5 mg/L等对愈伤组织的诱导效果最好,其诱导率分别为74.3%、65.3%、81.1%。因此,通过科学配制不同激素组合的MS培养基,就能有效地诱导出大叶黄杨幼茎的愈伤组织。 相似文献
11.
Summary Callus induction and green plant regeneration at high frequencies from an interspefic hybrid, Oryza sativa L. x O. rufipogon Griff. has been achieved by simply coordinating the growth regulators in the induction medium. The study was conducted with two different basal media (Potato-2 and N6) and seven different combinations of growth regulators 2,4-D, NAA and kinetin. Synergistic effects of the two auxins in enhanced anther response to callus induction and subsequent green plant regeneration were observed in both media. The highest frequency of callus induction was obtained on Potato-2 medium supplemented with 1 mg/12,4-D, 2 mg/l NAA and 1 mg/l kinetin. The same combination of growth regulators which yielded higher frequencies of callus induction also induced higher mean number of calli per anther. Although the calli formed on N6 medium showed high regenerability, there was a concomitant increase in the number of albinos among the regenerants. The auxins in the induction media had considerable influence on the regeneration capacity of the calli. The regeneration frequencies were higher from calli formed in the presence of both auxins in the induction media. The levels of growth regulator combinations seem to influence the green plant regeneration especially for calli induced on Potato-2 medium. Among the pollen grain derived plants the majority were either haploids or double haploids and very few were chromosomal variants. 相似文献
12.
B. S. Ahloowalia 《Euphytica》1987,36(2):659-665
Summary Plants were regenerated from callus cultures initiated from immature embryos of barley, Hordeum vulgare L. Immature embryos from seven diverse genotypes were cultured on modified Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 1.5 mg 2,4-D and 6.5 mg IAA/l. Of the 249 embryos cultured, 30% initiated callus within 8 days. Subculture of callus for 80 to 100 days on half-MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l 2,4-D and 1.0 mg/l zeatin resulted in organogenesis. Culture of organogenic calli for 30 days on half-MS medium without growth regulators produced plants which originated mostly via multiple shoot formation. Callusing response of the tested genotypes ranged from zero to 44%; however, only 23% of the calli were regenerative. Regenerated plants included variants for chlorophyll deficiency, plant height, stem thickness, spike shape, pollen fertility, seed set and ploidy. 相似文献
13.
High frequency of plant regeneration from anther culture in flax, Linum usitatissimum L. 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The effects of induction medium compositions on flax anther culture were investigated in order to improve the efficiency of callus induction and plant regeneration. Anthers were inoculated onto the modified MS medium supplemented with five different combinations of plant growth regulators. The medium containing the combination of 2mg/l 2,4- dichlorophenoxy-acetic acid (2,4-D) and 1 mg/1 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) produced a significantly higher number of calli forming shoots/100 responded anthers and a significant increase in overall efficiency of regeneration than the same basal medium containing 1 mg/1 a-naphthalene-acetic acid (NAA) and 2 mg/1 BAP (CK). Among the five levels of thiamin hydrochloride tested, the modified MS medium containing 10 mg/1 thiamin hydrochloride significantly increased the number of calli forming shoots/100 responded anthers and the overall efficiency of regeneration compared with the same basal medium containing 0.1 mg/1 thiamin hydrochloride. Maltose concentration had a significant effect on the percentage of anthers producing call, the number of calli forming shoots/100 responded anthers and the overall efficiency of regeneration. The medium containing 6% or 9% maltose produced the highest overall efficiency of regeneration among the five levels of maltose evaluated. Sucrose concentration significantly affected the number of calli forming shoots/100 responded anthers and the overall efficiency of regeneration, and dramatically affected the frequency of microspore-derived plants and the frequency of spontaneous chromosome doubling in microspore-derived plants. The efficiency of doubled haploid line production obtained in this study appears adequate for applied breeding programmes. 相似文献
14.
掌叶半夏细胞悬浮培养及单细胞培养再生植株 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
掌叶半夏成熟胚在含２，４－Ｄ２．０ｍｇ／Ｌ，ＢＡ０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ的ＭＳ培养基上可诱导形成颗粒状胚性愈伤组织。用附加２，４－Ｄ ２．０ｍｇ／Ｌ，ＢＡ０．１ ｍｇ／Ｌ，ＣＨ３００ｍｇ／Ｌ的ＭＳ液体培养基对胚性愈伤组织进行悬浮振荡培养，经３￣４次继代培养即可得到悬浮的单细胞，其细胞多为圆形或椭圆形，具有较强的分裂能力。经测定，悬浮培养过程中细胞生长曲线呈“Ｓ”型，培养２０天时细胞数量和鲜重达到最大值；随着 相似文献
15.
红花长寿花愈伤组织的诱导和植株再生研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Laizx@.com 《中国农学通报》2006,22(3):48-48
350002 福建省福州金山福建农林大学园艺植物生物工程研究所 相似文献
16.
掌叶半夏悬浮培养下的体细胞胚胎发生的研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
掌叶半夏种子在附加２，４－Ｄ２．０，ＢＡ０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ的ＭＳ培养基上形成浅黄色或白色颗粒状胚性愈伤组织。胚性愈伤组织在附加２，４－Ｄ１．０，ＢＡ０．５，ＣＨ３００ｍｇ／Ｌ的ＭＳ液体培养其中振荡培养，可产生大量的体细胞胚。２，４－Ｄ对体胚诱导效果显著并促进其早期发育，但抑制其进一步发育成熟。ＮＡＡ对体胚诱导效果不如２，４－Ｄ，但可使体胚正常发育。水解酷蛋白明显提高体胚诱导频率。显微观察表明：体胚起源 相似文献
17.
The Effect of Sugars and Growth Regulators on Embryoid Formation and Plant Regeneration from Barley Anther Culture 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The influence of carbon source and growth regulator composition in induction medium on anther culture response was investigated using spring barley genotypes. Anthers were cultured on BAC3, Ficoll-containing medium, supplemented with one of the following carbohydrates: sucrose, maltose, cellobiosc and melibiose (6 % w/v). The use of either maltose or cellobiose resulted in a significantly higher anther response, calli and/or embryoid production and green plant regeneration compared to the incubation of anthers on a medium containing sucrose. Contrary to these results, the replacement of sucrose by melibiose in BAO medium, drastically reduced the efficiency of anther culture. As an average for the three genotypes tested, the frequency of green plants per 100 anthers plated was 9- to 22-fold higher on medium supplemented with sucrose or cellobiose than on medium containing melibiose as a sole carbohydrate. Among the growth regulators tested, the combination of auxin NAA (2 mg/l) and cytokinin BAP (1 mg/1) performed much better than the employment of auxin 2,4-D combined either with zeatin riboside or BAP as cytokinins. The beneficial effect of medium supplemented with NAA and BAP was associated with better embryoid formation compared to the other growth regulator combinations tested. The hormone-free combination gave a similar anther response and production of calli as any medium supplemented with growth regulators, but the regeneration capacity of calli produced on hormone-free medium was much lower, resulting in the drastic reduction of the number of both total and green regenerants. 相似文献
18.
荔枝胚性悬浮细胞系的快速建立及其体胚植株的再生 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
荔枝幼胚诱导的胚性培养物在低糖条件下连续继代4~6次左右,可筛选到颗粒细小、不含原胚的松散型胚性愈伤组织;以这种松散的胚性愈伤组织作为起始材料,在附加2,4-D 2mg/L或2,4-D 2mg/L、KT1 mg/L、AgNO3 5mg/L的MS液体启动培养基上振荡培养（100~120 r/min）10~14 d,即可建立起分散性良好的胚性悬浮细胞系。采用激素减半的2种启动培养基交替继代培养或周期性固体－液体轮回培养,可以长期保持胚性悬浮细胞系。荔枝胚性悬浮细胞在附加NAA 0.1 mg/L、KT 或Ze 5 mg/L、肌醇100 mg/L、蔗糖50g/L、琼脂10g/L的MS固体培养基上诱导体胚,25~40d后可形成大量胚状体,诱导体胚数量达10,000个/g FW以上。经过成熟培养后,正常的体胚75%以上萌发再生完整植株。 相似文献
19.
20.
Protocols of plant regeneration have been developed for Brassica carinata for creating somaclonal variation for plant type and adaptability, so that this species can fit into cropping systems in Indian agriculture. The response of cotyledonary and stem explants was assessed for callus induction and shoot regeneration on MS and B5 basal media containing different combinations of auxin and cytokinin concentrations. MS medium supplemented with BA and NAA favoured callus induction. Supplementing MS with combinations of BA and IAA, as also with BA alone, regenerated shoots from the ex pi ants with a high frequency. The frequency of shoot regeneration and the mean number of shoots per explant were higher in cotyledons than in stem explants on identical growth regulator combinations. On B5 medium, supplemented with BA (2 mg/l) and IBA (0.4 mg/l), compact callus was produced which regenerated shoots on transfer to medium containing BA (0.8 mg/l). Genotypic differences among carinata accessions for regeneration were also observed. 相似文献