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1.
天麻抗真菌蛋白Gastrodianin在体外可以抑制多种病原真菌的生长。为检验转Gastrodianin基因小麦对真菌病害的抗性,采用基因枪法将由ubiquitin启动子驱动的Gastrodianin基因导入小麦品种扬麦158和Alondra, 获得14株纯合的转基因株系。外源基因的PCR检测、染色体荧光原位杂交、半定量RT-PCR分析结果表明,外源Gastrodianin基因在转基因小麦T5代植株中已经纯合并有不同水平的表达;赤霉病和纹枯病抗性鉴定结果显示,Gastrodianin基因的表达能抑制病原菌在转基因植株中生长,从而减轻病原菌引起的病症发展,且两种病害的减轻程度与Gastrodianin基因的表达水平正相关。 相似文献
2.
Rs-AFP2属于r-硫堇类抗菌肽,主要通过形成离子通道直接破坏细胞来杀灭病原菌。本研究通过基因枪介导法结合对目标基因的分子检测,证明已将外源Rs-AFP2基因转入小麦推广品种扬麦12中。通过逐株抗纹枯病接种鉴定、PCR、PCR-Southern blot、Southern blot和 RT-PCR/荧光定量RT-PCR(Q-RT-PCR)分析,对转Rs-AFP2基因小麦T1至T4代植株跟踪检测。结果表明,Rs-AFP2在转基因小麦中能够稳定遗传,以单拷贝整合到小麦基因组中,遗传方式符合孟德尔遗传规律,并能在转录水平上表达。对转Rs-AFP2基因小麦的抗病性、主要农艺性状以及Rs-AFP2表达活性分析结果表明,与受体扬麦12相比,Rs-AFP2表达活性高的转基因小麦植株对纹枯病抗性有明显提高,其抗病性可以遗传,而主要农艺性状没有明显差异,证明可以利用Rs-AFP2基因和基因工程途径创制抗纹枯病小麦新种质。 相似文献
3.
类萌发素蛋白(germin-like protein, GLP)是一类含有cupins结构域的糖蛋白, 在植物基础抗性等方面起着重要作用。本研究人工合成了甜菜GLP基因BvGLP1, 并利用基因重组技术构建了受韧皮部特异表达启动子RSS1P驱动的BvGLP1基因单子叶植物表达载体pA20-RSS1P::BvGLP1。通过基因枪介导法将其转入小麦品种扬麦18中, 对转基因扬麦18的T0至T3代植株中BvGLP1进行了PCR、半定量RT-PCR和荧光定量QPCR检测, 并对转基因小麦进行根腐病和纹枯病抗性鉴定。结果表明, BvGLP1已转入转基因小麦扬麦18, 并能在转基因小麦中遗传、转录表达; 5个转BvGLP1基因小麦株系的根腐病抗性比受体品种扬麦18有显著提高, 说明BvGLP1过表达增强了转基因小麦对根腐病的抗性。 相似文献
4.
抗纹枯病、根腐病的转SN1基因小麦的获得与鉴定 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
SN1是源于马铃薯的一种抗菌肽, 可以抑制多种植物病原菌的生长。小麦纹枯病(主要病原菌为禾谷丝核菌Rhizoctonia cerealis)和根腐病(主要病原菌为平脐蠕孢菌Bipolaris sorokiniana)是小麦的主要土传真菌病害。本研究利用基因工程技术构建了SN1基因的单子叶植物表达载体pA25-SN1, 它受玉米泛素(ubiquitin)启动子的控制;采用基因枪法将pA25-SN1转化小麦推广品种扬麦18幼胚愈伤组织4 000块, 获得203株再生植株, 通过PCR检测出阳性植株55株, 转化率为1.38%。对转SN1基因小麦T0~T2代植株, 进行外源基因的PCR、Southern blot、RT-PCR、荧光定量RT-PCR(Q-RT-PCR)分析和小麦纹枯病菌与根腐病菌接种及其抗病性鉴定。结果表明, 转入的SN1基因已经整合到转基因小麦的基因组中, 能够在转基因小麦中遗传、转录与表达。SN1基因的表达提高了转基因植株对小麦纹枯病和根腐病的抗性, 其抗病性可以遗传。 相似文献
5.
抗根腐病的转GmPGIP3基因小麦扬麦18的获得与鉴定 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
GmPGIP3是大豆的一种多聚半乳糖醛酸酶抑制蛋白, 能够特异性地抑制部分病原真菌内切多聚半乳糖醛酸活性, 从而减弱病原菌对植株的侵害。利用基因重组技术构建了GmPGIP3基因的单子叶植物表达载体pA25-GmPGIP3, 通过基因枪介导法将pA25-GmPGIP3转入小麦品种扬麦18中。对转GmPGIP3基因扬麦18的T0至T2代植株进行PCR、Southern杂交、半定量RT-PCR和荧光定量Q-RT-PCR分析, 并对根腐病进行抗性鉴定。结果表明, GmPGIP3已转入扬麦18, 并在转基因小麦中遗传、转录和表达;比受体材料相比, 5个GmPGIP3过表达的转基因小麦株系对根腐病的抗性有明显提高。 相似文献
6.
兼抗全蚀病和白粉病小麦新种质的创制与鉴定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
TaLTP5是从小麦中分离到的一个脂质转移蛋白编码基因。利用基因枪介导法将TaLTP5表达载体pA25-TaLTP5转入抗白粉病的小麦品种扬麦18 (含抗白粉病基因Pm21)中, 旨在选育兼抗全蚀病和白粉病的小麦新种质。对转基因小麦T0~T3代植株中引入TaLTP5基因进行分子检测和抗病性鉴定。PCR检测、Southern杂交分析结果表明, 外源TaLTP5基因已转入、整合到3个转基因小麦株系的基因组中, 并能稳定遗传; 荧光定量RT-PCR的分析以及全蚀病菌的接种与鉴定结果表明, 与受体小麦扬麦18相比, 这3个转基因小麦株系中TaLTP5表达量显著提高, 其对全蚀病的抗性也明显增强。对3个转基因株系的Pm21分子标记和白粉病抗性鉴定表明, 外源TaLTP5基因的导入没有影响受体小麦对白粉病抗性, 说明这些转基因株系为兼抗全蚀病和白粉病小麦新种质。 相似文献
7.
过量表达拟南芥NPR1基因提高小麦纹枯病的抗性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
拟南芥NPR1基因是植物重要的抗病调控因子,转基因过表达该基因可以赋予植物广谱抗性.为明确该基因在小麦抗纹枯病基因工程中的应用潜力,本研究构建了由玉米ubiquitin启动子驱动的拟南芥NPR1表达载体,采用基因枪介导法导入到小麦品种扬麦12号中,获得20株转基因植株.对14个外源基因纯合株系的半定量RT-PCR和测序分析结果显示,外源拟南芥NPR1基因已经导入转基因小麦并有不同水平的表达,部分转基因株系拟南芥NPR1基因发生重排；纹枯病抗性鉴定结果表明,转基因株系中拟南芥NPR1基因的正确表达可以减轻纹枯病菌引起的病症发展,提高转基因小麦的纹枯病抗性. 相似文献
8.
9.
组织特异表达启动子RSS1P在转TiERF1基因小麦中的应用 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
从水稻叶片中克隆了一个韧皮部组织特异表达的水稻蔗糖合酶启动子(RSS1P),将RSS1P与中间偃麦草乙烯反应因子基因TiERF1相融合构成组织特异表达的TiERF1基因表达盒,取代pAHC20中Ubi::bar基因表达盒,构建成无选择标记的韧皮部组织特异表达的pA20-RSS1P::TiERF1载体。利用基因枪将pA20-RSS1P::TiERF1与pAHC20载体混合、共轰击小麦品种扬麦12的幼胚愈伤组织,获得转RSS1P::TiERF1基因小麦。对该转基因小麦T0和T1代植株进行PCR、PCR-Southern、半定量RT-PCR和荧光定量PCR分析,证实外源RSS1P::TiERF1基因已转入受体,并且具有可遗传性;转入的RSS1P::TiERF1基因仅在根、茎、叶中表达,以根部表达量最高,在种子内不表达。纹枯病抗性鉴定和主要农艺性状考察结果表明,与受体扬麦12相比,转RSS1P::TiERF1基因小麦对纹枯病的抗性有明显提高,与转Ubi::TiERF1基因小麦的抗病性相当,而且转RSS1P::TiERF1基因小麦的农艺性状没有明显改变,说明可以利用RSS1P启动子创造更实用的转基因小麦新种质。 相似文献
10.
在分离克隆抗白叶枯病基因Xa23研究中获得大量转基因水稻材料。为了系统研究转Xa23基因水稻的抗病稳定性和遗传模式, 本文通过逐株进行抗白叶枯病接种鉴定、PCR和Southern blot分子检测, 对一批转Xa23基因水稻植株进行了T0代到T2代的跟踪分析。结果表明, Xa23基因的整合和表达, 使感病受体品种牡丹江8号获得抗病性。由于Xa23基因插入受体基因组的位点不同, 同是单拷贝插入的转基因T0代抗病植株, 其抗病程度有明显差异。T0代植株的抗病程度, 可以准确、稳定地遗传到T1代和T2代。单拷贝转基因植株分离群体的抗感植株分离比接近3∶1, 表明转Xa23基因遵循孟德尔单基因遗传模式。已获得2个纯合的单拷贝转基因抗病株系, 它们的抗病程度稍有差别, 将用于外源基因插入位置效应分析和杂交稻抗病育种。 相似文献
11.
病原诱导的中间偃麦草ERF转录因子基因的克隆及其表达特性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
应用RT-PCR、RACE技术，从病原诱导的中间偃麦草叶片cDNA中，分离出1个编码ERF基因的全长cDNA序列，该基因暂命名为TiERF1a，编码由292个氨基酸组成的蛋白质，具有ERF转录因子典型的结构，即保守的AP2/ERF DNA 结合域、核定位位点和酸性激活区。TiERF1a的氨基酸序列与一个水稻ERF蛋白OsBIERF3具有66%的同源性，与拟南芥AtERF1同源性仅39.7%，为植物ERF转录因子家族B3亚群的一个新成员。表达分析结果表明，纹枯病菌、赤霉病菌侵染可诱导TiERF1a基因的上调表达，与防卫相关的激素乙烯、茉莉酸也可诱导该基因上调表达，且TiERF1a对外源乙烯、茉莉酸的响应时期早于对纹枯病菌、赤霉病菌响应时期，说明TiERF1a可能通过乙烯、茉莉酸信号途径参与寄主调控对纹枯病菌、赤霉病菌的防御反应。 相似文献
12.
来自小麦的ERF转录因子W17基因参与胁迫应答,过表达W17可显著提高转基因拟南芥的抗旱性和抗病性。本研究构建了小麦cDNA文库,通过酵母双杂技术筛选W17的互作蛋白,以期进一步解析ERF蛋白的作用机制。将pGBKT7-W17质粒、pGADT7和小麦文库混合转入酵母细胞AH109,在SD/–Trp/–Leu/–His/–Ade营养缺陷型平板上培养,挑选直径大于2 mm的克隆,在SD/Raf/Gal/X-gal平板上划线培养,筛选蓝色克隆。将筛出的克隆测序、BLAST分析,得到4类与W17相互作用的候选蛋白,分别是胁迫相关功能蛋白、翻译后修饰蛋白、1,5-二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶/加氧酶(Rubisco)大亚基/小亚基以及功能未知蛋白。互作验证表明,Hsp90和PPR蛋白与W17有相互作用关系。这些候选蛋白参与信号转导或免疫过程,暗示W17在植物的逆境信号转导、下游基因转录调控,甚至在翻译过程都有重要作用。 相似文献
13.
小麦近缘野生植物的赤霉病抗源筛选及其利用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
赤霉病是禾谷镰刀菌等真菌侵染所造成的生育后期的气候型病害。世界各产麦区均有此病害发生,在气候潮湿、温暖多雨的地区尤为严重。培育抗病品种是解决赤霉病危害的根本途径。在披碱草、偃麦草、山羊草和鹅冠草等小麦近缘种属植物中已经鉴定出赤霉病抗性基因。携带赤霉病抗性基因的外源染色体可以通过附加、代换和易位导入小麦。本文综述了小麦近缘野生植物的赤霉病抗源,以及利用这些抗源进行小麦赤霉病抗性育种的研究进展。 相似文献
14.
C. H. A. Snijders 《Euphytica》1990,50(2):171-179
Summary During a four year period, a total of 258 winter and spring wheat genotypes were evaluated for resistance to head blight after inoculation with Fusarium culmorum strain IPO 39-01. It was concluded that genetic variation for resistance is very large. Spring wheat genotypes which had been reported to be resistant to head blight caused by Fusarium graminearum were also resistant to F. culmorum. The resistant germplasm was divided into three gene pools: winter wheats from Eastern Europe, spring wheats from China/Japan and spring wheats from Brazil. In 32 winter wheat genotypes in 1987, and 54 winter wheat genotypes in 1989, the percentage yield reduction depended on the square root of percentage head blight with an average regression coefficient of 6.6. Heritability estimates indicated that for selection for Fusarium head blight resistance, visually assessed head blight was a better selection criterion than yield reduction. 相似文献
15.
Fusarium head blight (FHB), primarily caused by Fusarium graminearum in North America can result in significant losses in the yield and quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L). Resistance sources have been largely limited to Chinese germplasm and, in particular, Sumai 3 or its derivatives. In recent years, resistance has been identified in Europe. Previous studies using the wheat line ‘Bizel’, developed in France, have shown that it has resistance to Fusarium head blight. Pedigree information shows that one of its progenitors is rye. This experiment was conducted to determine if ‘Bizel’ has rye chromatin, with the goal of developing a strategy for mapping FHB resistance genes. Two methods based on repetitive DNA sequences specific to rye were implemented. With both approaches, it was demonstrated that ‘Bizel’ does not contain rye chromatin. Consequently, wheat SSRs can be used to map ‘Bizel’ resistance genes for FHB. 相似文献
16.
小麦NPR1-like基因的克隆及赤霉菌诱导下的表达分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
AtNPR1是拟南芥系统获得性抗病反应中的关键基因,对拟南芥的广谱抗性起重要调控作用。从赤霉菌诱导的小麦抗、感赤霉病近等基因系RNA差异表达谱中获得3个与AtNPR1类似的EST片段,据此检索相应序列信息并设计引物,采用RT-PCR方法从小麦中克隆得到3个cDNA全长序列,分别命名为TaNPR1、TaNPR2和TaNPR3,其开放阅读框分别编码580、607和601个氨基酸残基。序列分析表明,这3个小麦NPR1-like蛋白都含有保守的BTB/POZ、ANK和NPR1_like_C结构域及功能氨基酸,但仅TaNPR1具有2个对NPR1寡聚体形成十分必要的保守半胱氨酸残基。蛋白质聚类分析表明,TaNPR1与TaNPR2和TaNPR3的同源性均较低,其中TaNPR1与NPR1蛋白聚为一类,而TaNPR2和TaNPR3均与NPR1同源蛋白聚为一类。荧光定量PCR分析结果显示,TaNPR1、TaNPR2和TaNPR3基因都可被植物抗病相关信号分子水杨酸和茉莉酸甲酯诱导。与感病材料Apogee相比,抗病近等基因系Apogee73S2中TaNPR1和TaNPR3能够更早地响应赤霉菌的诱导并显著上调表达;而TaNPR2在感、抗材料中对赤霉菌侵染的响应都较为缓慢且变化不明显。这些结果表明,TaNPR1和TaNPR3可能在小麦对赤霉菌的防御反应中起重要作用。 相似文献
17.
Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium culmorum, is a devastating disease in cereals. This study was undertaken to estimate progeny means and variances in each of five winter triticale and winter wheat crosses using unselected F2−derived lines in F4 or F5 generation bulked at harvest of the previous generation. Fifty (triticale) and 95 (wheat) progeny per cross were inoculated in two (triticale) or three (wheat) field environments. FHB rating was assessed on a whole-plot basis. Mean disease severities of the parents ranged from 2.3 to 6.4 in triticale and from 3.1 to 6.5 in wheat on a 1-to-9 scale (1 = symptomless, 9 = 100% infected). The midparent values generally resembled the means of their derived progeny. Significant (P < 0.01) genotypic variance was detected within each cross, but genotype × environment interaction and error variances were also high for both crops. Medium to high entry-mean heritabilities (0.6–0.8) underline the feasibility of selecting F2-derived bulks on a plot basis in several environments. Phenotypic correlation of FHB resistance between generation F2:4 and F2:5 was r = 0.87 (P < 0.01) tested across 150 wheat bulks at two locations. Our estimates of selection gain are encouraging for breeders to improve FHB resistance in triticale and wheat by recurrent selection within adapted materials. 相似文献
18.
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is the most important disease of wheat in Central Europe. Although common resistance of wheat against several Fusarium species has been proposed recently, no data were available for the recently described species/lineages of F. graminearum and F. culmorum . In this study, twenty wheat genotypes were tested under field conditions by spraying inocula of isolates of eight species of the F. graminearum species complex, and three lineages of F. culmorum in 2003–2004. The severity of FHB, Fusarium damaged kernels, yield reduction and deoxynivalenol/nivalenol contamination were measured. F. culmorum isolates were in general more aggressive to wheat than those belonging to the F. graminearum species complex. The various wheat genotypes exhibited similar reactions against the different Fusarium isolates, indicating that resistance to F. graminearum sensu stricto was similar to that for the other species of the F. graminearum species complex examined. This is an important message to breeders as the resistance relates not only to any particular isolate of F. graminearum , but similarly to isolates of other Fusarium species. 相似文献
19.
B. C. Y. Collard R. A. Grams W. D. Bovill C. D. Percy R. Jolley A. Lehmensiek G. Wildermuth M. W. Sutherland 《Plant Breeding》2005,124(6):532-537
Crown rot, caused by Fusarium pseudograminearum, is an important disease of wheat in Australia and elsewhere. In order to identify molecular markers associated with partial seedling resistance to this disease, bulked segregant analysis and quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping approaches were undertaken using a population of 145 doubled haploid lines constructed from ‘2‐49’ (partially resistant) × ‘Janz’ (susceptible) parents. Phenotypic data indicated that the trait is quantitatively inherited. The largest QTLs were located on chromosomes 1D and 1A, and explained 21% and 9% of the phenotypic variance, respectively. Using the best markers associated with five QTLs identified by composite interval mapping, the combined effect of the QTLs explained 40.6% of the phenotypic variance. All resistance alleles were inherited from ‘2‐49’ with the exception of a QTL on 2B, which was inherited from ‘Janz’. A minor QTL on 4B was loosely linked (19.8 cM) to the Rht1 locus in repulsion. None of the QTLs identified in this study were located in the same region as resistance QTLs identified in other populations segregating for Fusarium head blight, caused by Fusarium graminearum. 相似文献
20.
Fusarium crown rot (FCR) is becoming a major disease in many parts of the cereal‐growing regions worldwide. Significant QTL conferring FCR resistance have been reported on 13 of the 21 possible hexaploid wheat chromosomes in wheat and on three of the seven chromosomes in barley. Available results show that host resistance to FCR is not pathogen species‐specific, that resistance QTL have strong additive effect and that both plant height and growth rate affect FCR severity. Further, different loci seem to be responsible for resistances to FCR and Fusarium head blight although both diseases can be caused by the same Fusarium pathogens. Although marker‐assisted selection for FCR resistance has been initiated, the available markers are all derived from QTL mapping, which provides only limited resolution. Further work has to be conducted in developing diagnostic markers before significant progress can be made in deploying marker‐assisted selection as a routine tool to accelerate and improve FCR in breeding programmes. 相似文献