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1.
为了对40份来自国际玉米小麦改良中心(CIMMYT)的小麦材料进行抗叶锈病基因鉴定,试验结合系谱分析、基因推导和分子标记检测等方法在苗期对36个已知抗病基因载体品种和供试的40份小麦材料接种17个具有毒性差异的叶锈菌生理小种,通过对比供试小麦材料与已知单基因载体品种侵染型,推导出供试小麦材料中可能携带的已知抗叶锈病基因,同时利用12个与已知抗病基因紧密连锁的标记对供试材料进行标记检测,检测结果与基因推导相互验证。进一步将40份供试品系分别种植于河北保定和河南周口试验田,接种叶锈菌混合小种进行田间成株期抗叶锈性鉴定。结果表明,7个供试小麦材料含有Lr1,携带Lr10的有9个品系,携带Lr11和Lr34的分别有10个品系,含有Lr14a、Lr15和Lr26的分别有2,4,3个小麦品系;另外,经标记检测成株抗叶锈病基因Lr37和Lr46分别存在于22,39个小麦品系中,经田间鉴定有22个小麦品系表现成株抗性。 相似文献
2.
70份国外小麦品种(系)的苗期和成株期抗叶锈病鉴定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
小麦叶锈病是小麦生产中的重要病害之一,培育持久抗病品种是最经济、有效和环保的方法。本研究用19个不同毒力的叶锈菌小种苗期接种70份国外引进小麦品种(系)及36个已知抗叶锈病基因的载体品种进行抗性鉴定,同时在2016—2017年度分别于河北保定和河南周口对70份国外引进品种进行田间抗叶锈性鉴定。为进一步检测材料中所携带的苗期和成株抗叶锈病基因,利用12个与已知基因紧密连锁的分子标记进行检测,综合基因推导、系谱分析和分子标记检测的结果,在33份材料中鉴定出15个抗叶锈病基因,包括Lr1、Lr2a、Lr26、Lr3ka、Lr11、Lr17、Lr30、Lr10、Lr14a、Lr2b、Lr13、Lr15、Lr21、Lr44和Lr45,田间鉴定筛选出39份品种表现慢锈性。苗期和田间表现表明,国外品种中含有丰富的对我国叶锈菌小种有效的苗期和成株期抗叶锈病基因,可作为小麦抗叶锈病抗源在抗病育种中加以利用。 相似文献
3.
为了挖掘小麦抗叶锈病基因,为我国小麦抗叶锈病遗传育种基因库提供更多的选择。选取了75份国内外小麦材料以及36份已知抗叶锈基因载体品种,将这些材料在苗期分别接种14个不同毒力的叶锈菌生理小种,分别鉴定这些不同毒力的生理小种在小麦材料上的发病严重程度;同时提取所有材料的新鲜叶片DNA,选取已经确定的抗叶锈病基因相关联的分子标记特异性引物对75份供试材料进行分子标记检测。结合以上2种方法,推测75份小麦材料中含有的抗叶锈病基因。结果显示,75份小麦材料中含有Lr1、Lr2a、Lr2c、Lr10、Lr11、Lr14a、Lr16、Lr18、Lr20、Lr26、Lr34、Lr37、Lr46这13种已知抗叶锈病基因,这些基因以单基因或多基因聚合的方式存在于小麦品种中。其中,Lr1基因和Lr46基因占比较大,分别高达43%,56%。这些基因单独存在于小麦材料中,并不能表现出良好的抗叶锈性;当几个或者多个基因共同存在于小麦材料中,可以表现出远远高于单一基因的抗叶锈性,与前人研究相符。通过分子标记检测到小麦材料大白春小麦S3中含有Lr1、Lr10和Lr46基因,温室苗期鉴定发现该材料对本研究的11种叶锈生... 相似文献
4.
56个小麦品种（系）的苗期和成株抗叶锈鉴定 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了研究中国小麦品种中所携带的抗叶锈基因,对56个小麦品种（系）进行苗期接种推导其中所含有的抗叶锈基因,同时连续2年对供试材料进行田间成株抗叶锈鉴定。通过苗期基因推导结合分子标记辅助检测,结果表明,在36个小麦品种中共鉴定出Lr26、Lr34、Lr1、Lr2a、Lr11、Lr20、Lr30、Lr33和Lr44等9个抗叶锈基因,其中28个品种含有Lr26,Lr1和Lr20分别存在于6个品种中,4个品种含有Lr30,Lr11和Lr44各存在于2个品种中,Lr2a、Lr33和Lr34各自在1个品种中出现。经过2年的田间抗叶锈鉴定共筛选出46个慢锈品种。筛选到的这些苗期和成株抗病品种均可用于小麦持久抗叶锈品种的培育。 相似文献
5.
选育抗性品种是小麦叶锈病防治举措中最经济、可行的方法。为进一步挖掘抗病基因,选取河南、河北、山东等8个省小麦产区50个小麦品种。首先在苗期将16个叶锈菌生理小种(THFS、TGTS、THJS、FHKT、FGJN、KHKS、FCJQ、RFKS、THFM、MHGT、KHGS、KBGT、FHGT、PHHT、FHJT、FCJT)接种在36份小麦抗叶锈病近等基因系材料以及50个供试小麦品种上。因各菌种带有不同毒力,可根据表现型的差异,再将已知抗病基因紧密连锁的特异性分子标记与之结合分析,进而推测50份小麦材料中可能含有的抗叶锈病基因。通过基因推导、分子标记以及系谱分析综合鉴定抗锈性基因,结果表明,在50个品种中共检测出9个(Lr1、Lr2c、Lr10、Lr16、Lr26、Lr34、Lr37、Lr45和Lr46)已知抗叶锈性基因和少量未知基因。含有Lr1基因的有淄麦12等22个品种;含有Lr2c基因的有鲁麦14等10个品种;含有Lr10基因的只有莱州9361一个品种;含有Lr16基因的有科农199等25个品种;含有Lr26基因的有徐州24等15个品种;含有Lr34基因的有宝麦3号和京冬8号;含有L... 相似文献
6.
为确定8个来自土耳其的普通小麦品种在我国的应用前景,对其进行全生育期农艺性状观察,并利用44个以Thatcher为背景的近等基因系(单基因系)作为已知基因的鉴别寄主,接种8个小麦叶锈菌致病型进行苗期抗叶锈基因推导,结合成株期抗病鉴定,初步明确了这些品种(系)的抗性和可能携带的抗病基因。利用20个与Lr基因紧密连锁或共分离的分子标记,对8个土耳其小麦品种进行抗叶锈病基因的进一步鉴定。推测YJ000900中可能含有Lr1、Lr3、Lr17、Lr20;YJ000906中可能含有Lr1、Lr17、Lr20;YJ000901、YJ000902、YJ000904、YJ000905、YJ000907中可能含有Lr1;8个材料中均不含Lr9、Lr19、Lr20、Lr21、Lr24、Lr26、Lr28、Lr29、Lr34、Lr35、Lr37、Lr38和Lr47基因。结果表明,来自土耳其的8个小麦材料具有较差的抗叶锈性、抗寒和抗倒伏能力,而且产量低,不适宜于大规模推广种植,也不能作为我国小麦抗叶锈的抗源使用。 相似文献
7.
小麦品系5R625苗期和田间均对小麦叶锈病有良好抗性,但其所携带的抗病基因还不清楚。利用36个携带已知抗叶锈病基因的对照品系和15个中国小麦叶锈菌小种对5R625携带的抗病基因进行了苗期人工接种鉴定和基因推导,结果 5R625对这15个叶锈菌生理小种的侵染型与Lr9、Lr19、Lr24、Lr28、Lr39、Lr47、Lr51、Lr53相同。利用5R625和感病品种郑州5389的杂交后代F1、F2和F2:3群体对5R625的抗病性进行了遗传分析,苗期和成株期的分析结果均表明5R625对小麦叶锈菌的抗性由1个显性基因控制。进一步利用F2:3家系和分子标记方法将该基因定位在3DL染色体上。与5R625携带的抗病基因连锁的5个分子标记中,STS标记24-16和SCAR标记OP-J09此前已经被证明与已知抗叶锈病基因Lr24共分离,因此,推测5R625携带的抗病基因与Lr24可能为同一基因。 相似文献
8.
28个小麦微核心种质抗叶锈性分析 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
选取在成株期表现高、中、低抗叶锈的28个小麦微核心种质,利用39个以Thatcher为背景的近等基因系(或单基因系)作为已知基因的鉴别寄主,接种8个小麦叶锈菌致病型进行苗期抗叶锈基因推导,结合成株期抗病鉴定,初步明确了这些品种(系)的抗性和可能携带的抗病基因。利用19个与Lr基因紧密连锁或共分离的分子标记,对28个微核心种质进行抗叶锈病基因的进一步鉴定,推测新克旱9号可能含有Lr17、Lr2b、Lr14a和Lr33;兴义4号可能含有Lr26、Lr36和Lr37;紫皮可能含有Lr2b和Lr34;大白皮含有Lr1;毕红穗含有Lr1、Lr10和Lr34;中优9507含有Lr10;小白麦、红粒当年老、老麦、蝉不吱、苏麦3号和车锏子含有Lr1和Lr34;红花早可能含有Lr1、Lr34、Lr14a和Lr2b;江西早、泡子麦、三月黄、有芒扫谷旦、阜阳红、成都光头和酱麦可能含有Lr34;敦化春麦和甘肃96可能含有Lr28;欧柔可能含有Lr34、Lr16、Lr11、Lr3bg和Lr33;此外,新克旱9号、兴义4号、红花早、红粒当年老、欧柔、有芒扫谷旦、成都光头、甘肃96、小红皮、定兴寨、中优9507和红冬麦中可能含有未知抗病基因;在这28份种质中,不含Lr9、Lr19、Lr20、Lr21、Lr24、Lr29、Lr35、Lr38和Lr47基因。研究结果表明,测试的微核心种质中含有比较丰富的抗叶锈病基因,可为育种提供丰富的抗源。 相似文献
9.
14个小麦品种(系)抗叶锈性分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
选用16个小麦叶锈菌菌系对14个小麦品种(系)进行抗叶锈性鉴定和苗期抗叶锈基因推导,初步分析这些品种(系)的抗性和携带的抗病基因;进一步利用21个与Lr基因紧密连锁或共分离的分子标记,对这14个品种(系)中可能含的抗叶锈基因进行鉴定。结果表明,s98351-2-2-2-1可能含Lr3a、Lr28和Lr50;9629-03A-4-1-1可能含Lr37;97167-1-2-1-1-2-1、919-20-2c2、9589、免中438、9916-8-6和9916-8-18含Lr26;96104-1-5-1c2可能含Lr28;00-55-3-1-1含Lr1;1R13可能含Lr24、Lr37和Lr38;1R17可能含Lr24和Lr38;1R35含Lr10和Lr34,还可能含Lr3a和Lr50;9524-1-2-2-1含未知抗叶锈基因或本试验使用的已知抗病基因以外的抗叶锈基因。所有品种(系)均不含Lr9、Lr19、Lr20、Lr21、Lr29、Lr35、Lr42和Lr47基因。测试的14个品种(系)中有比较丰富的抗叶锈病基因,可为育种提供丰富的抗源。 相似文献
10.
近年来,小麦叶锈病发生有加重趋势,培育抗病品种是减轻小麦叶锈病危害的环保有效途径。用12个小麦品种及35个含已知抗叶锈病基因的载体品系在苗期接种19个不同毒性的叶锈菌生理小种,通过基因推导和系谱分析发掘待测品种中的抗叶锈病基因,并通过分子标记检测进一步验证;在田间接种强毒性混合生理小种,进行成株期病情严重度与普遍率调查,筛选慢锈性品种。结果表明,在石新828、百农3217、济南2号、泰山1号、石特14、晋麦2148、烟农15、小偃6号、温麦6号共9个品种中检测到Lr1、Lr26、Lr34、Lr37和Lr46共5个抗叶锈病基因,其中部分品种中发现多个抗性基因。成株期筛选出百农3217、平阳27、济南2号、泰山1号、石特14、晋麦2148、碧蚂4号、烟农15、小偃6号、温麦6号共10个慢叶锈性品种,其中碧蚂4号和小偃6号等品种是我国小麦育种的骨干亲本,探究这些品种中的抗病基因对培育小麦抗叶锈病品种具有重要意义。 相似文献
11.
Leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina is the most common and widely distributed of the three wheat rusts. Losses from leaf rust are usually less damaging than
those from stem rust and stripe rust, but leaf rust causes greater annual losses due to its more frequent and widespread occurrence.
Yield losses from leaf rust are mostly due to reductions in kernel weight. Many laboratories worldwide conduct leaf rust surveys
and virulence analyses. Most currently important races (pathotypes) have either evolved through mutations in existing populations
or migrated from other, often unknown, areas. Several leaf rust resistance genes are cataloged, and high levels of slow rusting
adult plant resistance are available in high yielding CIMMYT wheats. This paper summarizes the importance of leaf rust in
the main wheat production areas as reflected by yield losses, the complexity of virulence variation in pathogen populations,
the role cultivars with race-specific resistance play in pathogen evolution, and the control measures currently practiced
in various regions of the world. 相似文献
12.
R. P. Singh J. Huerta-Espino S. Bhavani S. A. Herrera-Foessel D. Singh P. K. Singh G. Velu R. E. Mason Y. Jin P. Njau J. Crossa 《Euphytica》2011,179(1):175-186
Rust diseases continue to cause significant losses to wheat production worldwide. Although the life of effective race-specific resistance genes can be prolonged by using gene combinations, an alternative approach is to deploy varieties that posses adult plant resistance (APR) based on combinations of minor, slow rusting genes. When present alone, APR genes do not confer adequate resistance especially under high disease pressure; however, combinations of 4?C5 such genes usually result in ??near-immunity?? or a high level of resistance. Although high diversity for APR occurs for all three rusts in improved germplasm, relatively few genes are characterized in detail. Breeding for APR to leaf rust and stripe rust in CIMMYT spring wheats was initiated in the early 1970s by crossing slow rusting parents that lacked effective race-specific resistance genes to prevalent pathogen populations and selecting plants in segregating populations under high disease pressure in field nurseries. Consequently most of the wheat germplasm distributed worldwide now possesses near-immunity or adequate levels of resistance. Some semidwarf wheats such as Kingbird, Pavon 76, Kiritati and Parula show high levels of APR to stem rust race Ug99 and its derivatives based on the Sr2-complex, or a combination of Sr2 with other uncharacterized slow rusting genes. These parents are being utilized in our crossing program and a Mexico-Kenya shuttle breeding scheme is used for selecting resistance to Ug99. High frequencies of lines with near-immunity to moderate levels of resistance are now emerging from these activities. After further yield trials and quality assessments these lines will be distributed internationally through the CIMMYT nursery system. 相似文献
13.
小麦条锈病、叶锈病和白粉病是我国小麦的重要真菌病害,培育兼抗型成株抗性品种是控制病害最为经济有效和持久安全的方法。本研究选用由成株抗性育种方法培育的21份冬小麦高代品系和96份春小麦高代品系,在多个环境下进行这3种病害的成株期抗性鉴定,并利用紧密连锁的分子标记检测了兼抗型基因Lr34/Yr18/Pm38、Lr46/Yr29/Pm39和Sr2/Yr30的分布。田间鉴定表明,21份冬小麦品系中有17份兼抗3种病害,占80.9%;96份春小麦品系中有85份兼抗3种病害,占88.5%。分子标记检测发现,21份冬小麦品系均含QPm.caas-4DL,其中7份还含QPm.caas-2BS,9份还含QPm.caas-2BL;96份春小麦品系中,18份含Lr34/Yr18/Pm38,37份含Lr46/Yr29/Pm39,29份含Sr2/Yr30。以上结果表明,分子标记与常规育种相结合,可有效培育兼抗型成株抗性品种,为我国小麦抗病育种提供了新思路。 相似文献
14.
由Puccinia triticina引起的叶锈病是小麦主要病害之一, 引进种质C615具有叶锈病成株期抗性, 但其抗病性遗传机制尚不清楚。本研究以抗病亲本C615与高感叶锈病亲本宁麦18构建的F2:7代重组自交系群体为材料, 利用337对多态性SSR标记构建遗传连锁图谱, 结合2016、2017连续两年的叶锈病鉴定结果进行复合区间作图, 结果在1BL、2DS、3BS、4DL和6BS染色体上共发现了5个抗性QTL, 暂命名为QLr.njau-1BL、QLr.njau-2DS、QLr.njau-3BS、QLr.njau-4DL和QLr.njau-6BS。其中, QLr.njau-1BL、QLr.njau-3BS和QLr.njau-4DL在两年均被检测到, 分别解释10.1%~15.7%、10.9%~13.5%和8.2%~9.0%的表型变异; 另2个QTL只在一年被检测到, 解释6.2%和9.2%的表型变异。除QLr.njau-2DS外的4个抗性QTL均来源于抗病亲本C615。QLr.njau-1BL和QLr.njau-4DL分别与已报道的慢病性基因Lr46、Lr67在同一区域, QLr.njau-3B可能为一个新的抗叶锈病QTL。此外, 本研究在C615/扬麦13 (轮回亲本)BC4F5回交群体中选出了15个农艺性状优良且抗叶锈病的株系, 利用与C615所含抗性QTL紧密连锁的7个SSR标记对其进行基因型检测, 结果显示所有这15个株系均含有来自C615的抗性QTL, 且有3个株系聚合了全部抗性位点, 表明C615可作为抗源亲本用于高产、抗病育种。本研究结果将为分子标记选育抗叶锈品种提供材料和技术支撑。 相似文献
15.
Summary The reaction of eight triticales and of the respective wheat and rye parental lines to infection by the leaf rust fungi of wheat and rye were studied in the seedling stage. The histological observations indicated that wheat and triticale showed a typical nonhost reaction to the leaf rust of rye: sporelings of this fungus were arrested after the formation of primary infection hyphae and before the formation of extensively branched mycelium, mostly without necrosis of plant cells. The rye inbred lines were all susceptible to the rye leaf rust. The reaction of wheat and triticales to the wheat leaf rust was susceptible or resistant. The reaction of resistant lines could be early or late and complete or incomplete, but was associated with substantial necrosis of plant cells, and therefore entirely different from the nonhost reaction to rye leaf rust. In their reaction to wheat leaf rust the rye lines were similar to the resistant wheat and triticale lines. They did not show an important degree of nonhypersensitive early abortion as would be expected in a nonhost species. It appeared that genes for hypersensitive resistance in triticale may be contributed by either the wheat or the rye parental line.A screening of sixty wheat, rye and triticale lines confirmed the nonhost status of wheat and triticale to rye leaf rust and the hypersensitive or moderately susceptible reaction of rye to wheat leaf rust. 相似文献
16.
Characterization of Chinese wheat germplasm for resistance to Fusarium head blight at CIMMYT, Mexico 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Xinyao He Pawan K. Singh Norbert Schlang Etienne Duveiller Susanne Dreisigacker Thomas Payne Zhonghu He 《Euphytica》2014,195(3):383-395
Fusarium head blight (FHB) poses a challenge for wheat breeders worldwide; there are limited sources of resistance and the genetic basis for resistance is not well understood. In the mid-1980s, a shuttle breeding and germplasm exchange program launched between CIMMYT-Mexico and China, enabled the incorporation of FHB resistance from Chinese bread wheat germplasm into CIMMYT wheat. Most of the Chinese wheat materials conserved in the CIMMYT germplasm bank had not been fully characterized for FHB reaction under Mexican environments, until 2009, when 491 Chinese bread wheat lines were evaluated in a FHB screening nursery in Mexico, and 304 (61.9 %) showed FHB indices below 10 %. Subsequent testing occurred in 2010 for plant height (PH), days to heading (DH), and leaf rust response. In 2012, 140 elite lines with good agronomic types were further evaluated for field FHB reaction and deoxynivalenol (DON) accumulation. Most of the tested lines showed good resistance: 116 (82.9 %) entries displayed FHB indices lower than 10 %, while 89 (63.6 %) had DON contents lower than 1.0 ppm. Significant negative correlations were observed between FHB traits (FHB index, DON content, and Fusarium damaged kernels) and PH, DH, and anther extrusion. A subset of 102 elite entries was selected for haplotyping using markers linked to 10 well known FHB quantitative trait loci (QTL). 57 % of the lines possessed the same 2DL QTL marker alleles as Wuhan 1 or CJ 9306, and 26.5 % had the same 3BS QTL allele as Sumai 3. The remaining known QTL were of low frequency. These materials, especially those with none of the above tested resistance QTL (26.5 %), could be used in breeding programs as new resistance sources possessing novel genes for FHB resistance and DON tolerance. 相似文献