共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 432 毫秒
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葡萄果实和葡萄酒中缩合单宁的研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
缩合单宁是葡萄与葡萄酒中重要的组分之一,它影响着葡萄酒的色泽、风味、稳定性和贮藏寿命,与人的健康也有密切关系;该文介绍了缩合单宁的作用、结构及其与原花色素的关系,葡萄与葡萄酒中缩合单宁的存在形式及其在葡萄果实成熟和葡萄酒酿造过程中的变化和对葡萄酒口感的影响及缩合单宁的生物合成等方面的研究进展,提出了今后的研究方向. 相似文献
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干红葡萄酒发酵中的固液浸取分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
干红葡萄酒浸取与发酵同时进行.浸取效果直接影响葡萄酒的质量.干红葡萄酒浸取是在特定的浸取剂、特定的颗粒度及固-液比、特定的发酵温度及工艺条件下的浸渍,在整个浸取过程中溶剂对溶质的浸取是一个动态变化过程.为了能够在发酵条件下有利于葡萄中各种有益成分的充分浸取,该文章用工程传质学的理论分析了干红葡萄酒浸取体系,提出了干红葡萄酒体系是由以单宁、天然色素等酚类物质为溶质、以葡萄汁及发酵液为溶剂(浸取剂)、以葡萄果皮、果籽、果梗等为载体组成的三元物系的观点;对浸取剂、溶质及载体进行了分析;结合葡萄酒生产实际,从葡萄原料(品种及果粒大小、成熟)、发酵工艺(浸取温度、浸取时间、发酵液中SO2浓度等)、生产操作因素(葡萄颗粒的破碎程度、外力强化传质措施如搅拌、倒罐)、设备结构(发酵罐长径比等)等方面探讨了影响浸取效果的因素. 相似文献
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为探讨摘叶对烟台产区赤霞珠葡萄及所酿葡萄酒主要品质的影响,本试验以山东蓬莱的6年生赤霞珠葡萄为试验材料,在转色期(花后70 d)及采收期前10 d(花后143 d)进行半摘叶和全摘叶处理,研究不同时期和摘叶方式对赤霞珠葡萄的理化指标、品质指标的影响。结果表明,在不同发育时期摘叶处理都能够有效地提高葡萄果实的成熟度及其葡萄酒的综合品质。其中,花后70 d全部摘叶处理对糖、滴定酸以及p H值的提高效果明显;转色期半摘叶和全摘叶处理后葡萄果实中总酚和单宁含量分别提高了17.96%和50.25%,所对应的葡萄酒中总酚和单宁含量也分别提高了40.18%和54.13%;此外,摘叶处理对赤霞珠葡萄及所酿葡萄酒中香气物质的骨架影响不大,但对香气成分的含量影响较大,转色期半摘叶处理使呈现果香的香气物质含量提高明显;转色期全摘叶处理使葡萄酒中色度提高效果最明显,达到了16.48%;4种摘叶处理均使葡萄酒色调降低,使得葡萄酒颜色呈现淡紫色。本研究对酿酒葡萄赤霞珠在田间管理和提高葡萄酒质量方面提供了理论依据及技术支持。 相似文献
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大田试验条件下研究了酸性土壤改良剂对蛇龙珠葡萄园酸性土壤的改良作用及其对葡萄与葡萄酒品质的影响。以钾长石和白云石煅烧粉末为土壤改良剂,于葡萄萌芽前分别以0、4500和9000 kg/hm2的用量对葡萄园土壤进行改良处理。结果表明:与对照相比,随着土壤改良剂用量的增加,不同土层土壤pH、电导率呈增加的趋势,高剂量土壤改良剂使0～20、20～40 cm土层土壤交换性K、Ca和Mg等矿质元素的含量增加23.8%～102.7%。土壤改良剂处理对葡萄生长指标无显著影响。与对照相比,两种用量土壤改良剂处理使葡萄果实成熟度(糖酸比)显著增加10.7%、9.4%。此外,高剂量土壤改良剂处理使葡萄酒中总酚、单宁、黄酮等酚类物质含量显著提高16.8%、10.4%、7.1%。酿酒葡萄园施用酸性土壤改良剂可有效改良酸性土壤且提高果实成熟度和葡萄酒的品质。 相似文献
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贺兰山东麓‘赤霞珠’品质形成气象条件与评级方法研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
葡萄品质很大程度上决定了葡萄酒品质,其与气象条件关系密切。在正常管理和农业技术水平下,衡量葡萄生长气象条件是否适宜品质形成的方法称为酿酒葡萄品质气象评价技术。研究酿酒葡萄品质形成的气象评级技术和气象指标,可为葡萄酒商业评级、年份酒鉴定和窖藏提供气候参考依据。利用贺兰山东麓2003—2011年多点采样化验的101份‘赤霞珠’总糖、总酸、糖酸比、pH和单宁资料,选取其中的51份进行相关普查,确定了有生物学意义的显著气象因子,以各因子的决定系数分别建立了5项品质指标的权重模型,通过单项品质指标对综合品质的贡献构建了综合品质气象评价模型。参照前人对葡萄酒品质、酿酒葡萄品质的研究和葡萄酒和葡萄品质标准,根据酿造葡萄酒所需的总糖、总酸、糖酸比、pH和单宁,确定‘赤霞珠’各项品质指标的阈值,利用模型反推出与葡萄酒品质相对应的气象因子阈值和‘赤霞珠’品质气象分类标准。回代检验显示5项品质指标均通过了0.001的R检验和F检验,与实测值接近且变化趋势一致。总糖、总酸、糖酸比和单宁的模拟效果较好,R≥0.59且RMSE较小,但pH误差相对较大。用50份未参与建模的样本估算了‘赤霞珠’品质等级。总糖、总酸与实测接近;个别样本的糖酸比、单宁误差相对较大,但变化趋势与实测一致;样本pH均在适宜范围内且较稳定。从综合评分和等级来看,28个样本与实况等级相同,18个样本误差在1级内,仅4个样本相差2级,准确反映出原料的质量。‘赤霞珠’品质气象评价指标和模型为评价贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄品质提供了一套可行的方法。 相似文献
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Drinkine J Lopes P Kennedy JA Teissedre PL Saucier C 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(15):6292-6299
Condensed tannins are responsible for astringency and bitterness and participate in the color stability of red wines. During wine making and aging, they undergo chemical changes including, for example, acetaldehyde-induced polymerization. Following this study, the ethylidene-bridged flavan-3-ols were monitored in different vintage wines made from grapes collected in the same vineyard in three wineries in Bordeaux, Pauillac, and Saint Julien. Flavan-3-ol ethylidene bridges were quantified by wine 2,2'-ethylidenediphloroglucinol (EDP) phloroglucinolysis. This method was based upon the analysis of EDP, a product formed after acid-catalyzed cleavage of wine flavan-3-ols in the presence of excess phloroglucinol. The flavan-3-ol ethylidene bridges were then compared to flavan-3-ol contents (phloroglucinolysis), phenolic contents, and color measurements. Low amounts of flavan-3-ol ethylidene bridges (0.8-2.5 mg L(-1)) were quantified in wines. Flavan-3-ol ethylidene bridges represent less than 4% of flavan-3-ol bonds, but the proportion of these linkages relative to native interflavan bonds increased with wine age. This proportion correlated with pigmented polymers. 相似文献
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Phenolic antioxidants are ranked by reducing strength and characterized for reversibility using cyclic voltammetry at a glassy carbon electrode. Phenolics with an ortho-diphenol group show a first oxidation peak close to 400 mV (vs. Ag/AgCl) in a model wine solution (12% ethanol, 0.033 M tartaric acid, adjusted to pH 3.6), with a linear concentration dependence below 0.01 mM. Dilution of white wines 10x, and red wines 400x, gave first oxidation peak currents in the 1.5 to 2.2 microA range and 1.9 to 3.4 microC of charge passed by 500 mV, producing values for the concentrations of phenolic antioxidants with low oxidation potentials in the wines. Further peaks in the cyclic voltammograms of the diluted wines correspond to classes of phenolics with higher oxidation potentials, providing a qualitative assessment of wine phenolics based on reducing strength. 相似文献
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Auger C Rouanet JM Vanderlinde R Bornet A Décordé K Lequeux N Cristol JP Teissedre PL 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(25):9823-9829
The effects of a white wine enriched with polyphenols (PEWW) from Chardonnay grapes and of a sparkling red wine (SRW) from Pinot Noir and Chardonnay grapes were studied for the first time on early atherosclerosis in hamsters. Animals were fed an atherogenic diet for 12 weeks. They received by force-feeding PEWW, SRW, ethanol 12% (ETH), or water as control (mimicking a moderate consumption of approximately 2 red wine glasses per meal for a 70 kg human). Plasma cholesterol concentrations were lower in groups that consumed PEWW and SRW accompanied by an increase in the ratio apo A-1/apo B. Liver-specific activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase were significantly increased by PEWW (38 and 16%, respectively) and by SRW (48 and 15%, respectively). PEWW and ETH significantly increased plasma antioxidant capacity and vitamin A concentrations. Aortic fatty streak area (AFSA) was significantly strongly reduced in the groups receiving PEWW (85%) and SRW (89%) in comparison with the control. AFSA was reduced by ethanol to a lesser extent (58%). These data suggest that tannins from the phenolics-enriched white wine induce a protective effect against early atherosclerosis comparable to that produced by sparkling red wine containing tanins and anthocyanins and dissociated from the antioxidant action of these compounds. 相似文献
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Salazar FN Achaerandio I Labb MA Gell C Lpez F 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(26):9955-9958
A semi-industrial application of the continuous stabilization of white wine protein using a column packed with zirconia was studied and compared to the traditional bentonite treatment using a Macabeu white wine. Physicochemical and wine sensory properties were evaluated using a rating system and triangle tests. Continuous protein stabilization was analyzed in three residence times, and the equivalent of 300 BV of wine was used for both treatments. Wine protein content was reduced by 21%, 40%, and 42% using the continuous process with residence times of 7.5, 15, and 30 min, respectively, and by 61.4% using the bentonite treatment. The wines obtained from the packed column were protein stable up to 25, 75, and 175 BV for residence times of 7.5, 15, and 30 min, respectively. The amount of polyphenol removed was less than 10%, and similar amounts were removed from the wine regardless of residence time, while 20.6% of polyphenol was removed using bentonite. The physicochemical and sensory properties of wine treated with bentonite were similar to those of wine treated with zirconia. 相似文献
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J Chovancová E Matisová V Bátora 《Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists》1985,68(4):741-745
Residues of ethylenethiourea (ETU) in grapes and wine were determined by capillary gas chromatography and paper chromatography, without a cleanup step, and after derivatization to S-benzyl-ETU. The detection limit was 0.0002 mg/kg for flame ionization detection, 0.008 mg/kg for paper chromatography with photodensitometric evaluation of the detected spot. Results were compared with a generally used GC method specifying electron capture detection of trifluoroacetylated S-benzyl-ETU. The recoveries of ETU in grapes and wine at different concentration levels were determined. ETU residues were determined in treated grapes but no residues were detected in wine. 相似文献
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Characterization of white wine mannoproteins 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Gonçalves F Heyraud A de Pinho MN Rinaudo M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(21):6097-6101
Mannoproteins, Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast polysaccharides, play a major role in wine processing and characteristics. A systematic characterization of these polymers in terms of chemical composition and molecular structure is addressed in this study. Mannoproteins were isolated from white wine through a sequence of operations that consisted of nanofiltration for concentration of macromolecules, polysaccharide precipitation with ethanol, and affinity chromatography on concanavalin A. The whole wine mannoproteins present a very broad molecular mass distribution with several populations. Two major populations with very different compositions were separated by size exclusion chromatography. The mannoproteins with higher molecular mass are a mannose homopolymer containing 10.3% protein. The mannoproteins with lower molecular mass consisted of 87.5% of mannose and some other residues and a protein content of 2.5%. The highest molecular weight mannoprotein structure was examined by (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopic techniques such as 1-D TOCSY, 2-D COSY, and 2-D HMQC. 相似文献
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For a correct characterization of Madeira wine commercially available in the market, 52 samples having different types and ages, representative of the delimited region of Madeira (liquor wine of quality produced in delimited region), were analyzed in relation to physicochemical and sensorial parameters. Standard methodology for spirits and alcoholic beverages as well as a council of tasters were adopted respectively to quantify such parameters, according to European Union regulations. The main physicochemical parameters analyzed demonstrated that Madeira wine represent a high quality beverage without toxicological risks, as all constituents have in general contents clearly below the maximum concentration admissible by the national and/or international rules. A reasonable differentiation of properties could be achieved between samples having different types and ages, when principal component, discriminant and cluster analyses were applied to the analytical data, especially for physicochemical parameters. 相似文献
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M López-Barajas E López-Tamames S Buxaderas X Tomás M C de La Torre 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》1999,47(9):3743-3748
A procedure for estimating the foam properties of sparkling base wines without specifically measuring foam was developed. This method was based on mathematical equations established between the usual parameters of wine quality control (independent variables of the equations) and the wine foam parameters [foamability (HM), Bikerman coefficient (Sigma), and surface tension (ST)] obtained with the specific equipment (dependent variables of the equations). Ninety-six white wines from the Cava region produced at industrial scale were used to establish these equations. Two predictive equations that could be applied to different types of wine from different origins were obtained: one to predict the foamability (HM) and the other to predict the Bikerman coefficient (Sigma). Moreover, the database of foam parameters of the 96 wines allowed a qualitative assessment of wine foaming values. 相似文献
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Sun B Neves AC Fernandes TA Fernandes AL Mateus N De Freitas V Leandro C Spranger MI 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(12):6550-6557
The objective of this work was to study the evolution of the phenolic composition of red wine during vinification and storage and its relationship with some sensory properties (astringency and bitterness) and antioxidant activities. Thus, red wine was made by a classic vinification method with Castela?o and Tinta Miu?da grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) harvested at maturity (3:2; w/w). Samples were taken at 2 and 7 days of maceration, at second racking, at the time of bottling and at 6 and 14 months after bottling. The total polyphenols extract (TPx) in each sample was isolated by column chromatography. The phenolic composition (anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins), in vitro antioxidant activity, and sensory property (astringency, bitterness) of the isolated TPx from different winemaking stages were evaluated through high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhidrazyl radical test, ferric reducing antioxidant power assay, total phenolic index, MWI (polyphenol molecular weight index), TSA (tannin specific activity), and sensory panel tasting. The results showed that the phenolic composition of red wine varied significantly during winemaking. The intensity of astringency (IA) and the intensity bitterness (IB) of the isolated TPx from different winemaking stages increased from 2 days of maceration until second racking and then decreased. Furthermore, MWI and TSA are positively correlated with IA and IB. The in vitro antioxidant activity of the isolated TPx from different winemaking stages maintained unchanged after alcoholic fermentation, which was independent of the variation of phenolic composition and sensory properties. 相似文献