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1.
Summary Ten cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) lines were crossed with nine maintainer or male fertility restorer lines in a diallel crossing scheme. Based on fertility restoration of the F1 generation, CMS lines were divided into four groups. At least two new sources of CMS, CMS PET2 and CMS GIG1, were found to be potentially useful for commercial production of hybrids. Environment had an influence on fertility restoration of one CMS line, CMS MAX1. Effective restoration of male fertility for CMS RIG1, CMS ANN2, and CMS ANN3 was not found. 相似文献
2.
The male sterility system in hybrid seed production can eliminate the cost of emasculation and ensure seed hybridity through
avoidance of self pollination. GMS and CMS are two types of male sterility system that currently employed in pepper breeding.
Conversion from GMS to CMS will increase the male sterility proportion of female parent from 50 to 100%. In this study, segregation
analysis of four male sterile mutants consisting of one CMS mutant (CA1) and three GMS mutants (GA1, GA3 and GA4) showed that
each had single recessive gene inheritance. A modified complementation test was performed by replacing male sterile mutants
with their maintainer line as male parent. The nuclear restorer gene for CMS was independent of all nuclear restorer genes
for GMS and all nuclear restorer genes for GMS were independent each other. Further observation on CMS and GMS male sterility
loci revealed that GA1 and GA3 had mutated in both nuclear restorer genes for CMS and GMS, while CA1 and GA4 each carried
mutation in single male sterility system of nuclear restorer gene for CMS and GMS, respectively. Conversion from GMS to CMS
in the case of lines carried mutations in both sterility systems required only S-type cytoplasm donor, while lines carried
mutation in single nuclear restorer gene for GMS required not only S-type cytoplasm but also rf allele donors. The important finding is the broader function of maintainer line in certain male sterility system that can
be used as a maintainer or restorer line for other male sterility systems. We also confirmed that line CC1 is the general
restorer for both CMS and GMS systems. 相似文献
3.
RFLP analysis of cytoplasmic male-sterile lines of pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] developed by interspecific crosses 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Total DNA from three putative cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) progenies derived from crosses between the wild species Cajanus
sericeus and the cultivated species Cajanus cajan, five C. cajan, one accession of C. sericeus and two genetic male sterile
lines of pigeonpea were compared for their RFLP patterns using maize mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) specific probes. Three putative
cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) progenies from the multiple cross genome transfer of pigeonpea lines (CMS 7–1, CMS 12–3, and
CMS 33–1) showed hybridization patterns identical to that of C. sericeus when DNA was digested with EcoRI and HindIII and
probed with maize mtDNA clones. The results suggested that these putative CMS progenies have the mitochondria of the female
wild species parent. The hybridization patterns of the three male parental lines used in the development of the CMS progenies
were similar in all the restriction enzyme-probe combinations except HindIII-atp6. The genetic male sterile lines, MS Prabhat
and QMS 1 differed from each other in their hybridization pattern. The genomic DNA hybridization pattern of HindIII digested
DNA from ICPL 87 differed from the other pigeonpea lines when probed with the maize mtDNA clones. The cluster analysis of
the hybridization data suggested the occurrence of variation in the mitochondrial genome even among the cultivated species.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
4.
Nirmala Rajendran Ramkumar Gandhimani Sukhpal Singh Kadirvel Palchamy 《Euphytica》2007,156(1-2):129-139
The main objective of the present study was to identify mitochondrial DNA based marker, which can distinguish male sterile
and fertile counterparts of the cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) lines used in production of rice hybrids. Amplified fragment
length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis in CMS lines: IR58025A & IR62829A and their respective maintainers: IR58025B & IR62829B
identified a polymorphic DNA fragment of about 510 bp size that was present in both CMS (A) and absent in their maintainer
(B) lines. Sequencing followed by database analysis of the polymorphic fragment indicated about 97% similarity with mitochondrial
NADH gene subunits of rice, maize and wheat. Based on the variable sequence regions, a site specific primer pair (BF-STS-401)
was designed. PCR analysis showed that BF-STS-401 could amplify a strong band of 464 bp size in CMS and a faint band of the
same size in maintainer line. To act as a positive control and avoid possible errors in PCR, BF-STS-401 was multiplexed with
a new primer pair (BF-STS-402), derived from mitochondrial atp9 subunit of rice, producing monomorphic amplification indiscriminately in both CMS and maintainer lines. Both the primer pairs
in combination clearly differentiated CMS lines from their corresponding maintainer lines. This primer combination was validated
in a set of diverse genotypes consisting of different sources of CMS lines, restorer lines, hybrids, varieties and mixed samples
from private seed companies. Our results suggested that the multiplex primer pairs developed in this study can be effectively
utilized to assess the genetic purity in commercial seed lots of CMS lines and hybrids of rice. 相似文献
5.
Rupakula Aruna D. Manohar Rao L. J. Reddy Hari D. Upadhyaya Hari C. Sharma 《Euphytica》2005,145(3):247-257
The legume pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera, is one of the most devastating pests of pigeonpea. High levels of resistance to pod borer have been reported in the wild
relative of pigeonpea, Cajanus scarabaeoides. Trichomes (their type, orientation, density and length) and their exudates on pod wall surface play an important role in
the ovipositional behavior and host selection process of insect herbivores. They have been widely exploited as an insect defense
mechanism in number of crops. In the present investigation, inheritance of resistance to pod borer and different types of
trichomes (A, B, C and D) on the pod wall surface in the parents (C. cajan and C. scarabaeoides) and their F1, F2, BC1 (C. cajan × F1), and F3 generations has been studied. Trichomes of the wild parents (high density of the non-glandular trichomes C and D, and glandular
trichome B and low density of glandular trichome A) were dominant over the trichome features of C. cajan. A single dominant gene as indicated by the segregation patterns individually will govern each trait in the F2 and backcross generation. Segregation ratio of 3 (resistant): 1 (susceptible) for resistance to pod borer in the F2 generation under field conditions was corroborated with a ratio of 1:1 in the backcross generation, and the ratio of 1 non-segregating
(resistant): 2 segregating (3 resistant: 1 susceptible): 1 non-segregating (susceptible) in F3 generation. Similar results were obtained for pod borer resistance under no-choice conditions. Resistance to pod borer and
trichomes associated with it (low density of type A trichome and high density of type C) are governed individually by a dominant
allele of a single gene in C. scarabaeoides. Following backcrossing, these traits can be transferred from C. scarabaeoides into the cultivated background. 相似文献
6.
In a previous study, we developed male sterile lines of Japanese bunching onion (Allium fistulosum L.) possessing the cytoplasm of a wild species, A. galanthum Kar. et Kir., by backcrossing. To evaluate seed productivity of the male sterile lines in practise, they were crossed with the male fertile line, cultivar 'Kujyo', using honeybees as pollinators under field conditions. The number of florets and seeds per inflorescence, seed set and seed germination of the material were investigated. Although variation was observed among the male sterile lines, there were several lines having seed productivity equal to cultivar 'Kujyo'. Our data demonstrate that the male sterile lines of A. fistulosum possessing the cytoplasm of A. galanthum are useful as seed parents for the commercial F seed production of A. fistulosum. 相似文献
7.
Summary Most of the commercial hybrids of indica rice are based on wild abortive (WA) source of cytoplasmic-genetic male sterility (CMS). Such cytoplasmic uniformity may lead to genetic vulnerability to disease and insect pests. To overcome this problem, diversification of CMS sources is essential. Crosses of 46 accessions of O. perennis and two accessions of O. rufipogon as female parents were made with two restorers (IR54, IR64) of WA cytosterility. Sterile hybrids were backcrossed with the respective recurrent parents. Of all the backcross derivatives, one line having the cytoplasm of O. perennis Acc 104823 and the nuclear background of IR64 was found to be stable for male sterility. The newly developed CMS line has been designated as IR66707A. This line is completely sterile (0% seed set) under selfed conditions. Crosses of IR66707A with 10 restorers of WA cytoplasm showed almost complete (93–100%) pollen sterility, indicating that the male sterility source of IR66707A is different from WA sterility. Southern hybridization of IR66707A, O. perennis (cytoplasmic donor), IR66707B (maintainer) and V20A (WA cytoplasm) using mitochondrial DNA specific probes (5 endonucleases × 8 probes) showed identical banding patterns between IR66707A and O. perennis. However, in more than half of the combinations, different banding patterns were observed between IR66707A and IR66707B and between IR66707A and V20A. The results suggest that IR66707A has the same cytoplasm as the donor (O. perennis), and CMS may not be caused by any major rearrangement or modification of mtDNA. The new CMS source identified will be useful in cytoplasmic diversification in hybrid rice breeding. 相似文献
8.
9.
Cytoplasmic male‐sterile (CMS) lines are being used to produce hybrid seeds. Thus far, four CMS sources in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] have been reported in China. However, they are not sufficient or efficient in meeting the requirements of commercial soybean hybrid seed production. In this study, 33 varieties were tested for CMS using 45 crosses among 37 landraces and 17 annual wild soybean accessions (Glycine soja Sieb. et Zucc.). The cross of N23661 × N23658 showed partial to complete male sterility in backcross generations, while the corresponding reciprocal cross showed normal male fertility. Thus, the cytoplasm of N23661 is male‐sterile, the continuously backcrossed line is a male‐sterile line (designated NJCMS4A), and N23658 is its maintainer (designated NJCM4B). The male fertility of NJCMS4A was restored by another accession, Nansheng9403. Accordingly, NJCMS4A along with its maintainer and restorer composes a complete set of three lines for producing hybrid soybean. Using mitochondrial markers and sequence analyses, NJCMS4A is a CMS line with its cytoplasm not identical to the four previously reported CMS sources in soybean. 相似文献
10.
Summary Identification and location of fertility restoring genes facilitates their deployment in a hybrid breeding program involving cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) system. The study aimed to locate fertility restorer genes of CMSWA system on specific chromosomes of rice using primary trisomics of IR36 (restorer), CMS (IR58025A) and maintainer (IR58025B) lines. Primary trisomic series (Triplo 1 to 12) was crossed as maternal parent with the maintainer line IR58025B. The selected trisomic and disomic F1 plants were testcrossed as male parents with the CMS line IR58025A. Plants in testcross families derived from disomic F1 plants (Group I crosses) were all diploid; however, in the testcross families derived from trisomic F1 plants (Group II crosses), some trisomic plants were observed. Diploid plants in all testcross families were analyzed for pollen fertility using 1% IKI stain. All testeross families from Group I crosses segregated in the ratio of 2 fertile: 1 partially fertile+partially sterile: 1 sterile plants indicating that fertility restoration was controlled by two independent dominant genes: one of the genes was stronger than the other. Testcross families from Group II crosses segregated in 2 fertile: 1 partially fertile+ partially sterile: 1 sterile plants in crosses involving Triplo 1, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 11 and 12, but families involving triplo 7 and triplo 10 showed significantly higher X2 values, indicating that the two fertility restorer genes were located on chromosome 7 and 10. Stronger restorer gene (Rf-WA-1) was located on chromosome 7 and weaker restorer gene (Rf-WA-2) was located on chromosome 10. These findings should facilitate tagging of these genes with molecular markers with the ultimate aim to practice marker-aided selection for fertility restoration ability. 相似文献
11.
A backcrossing programme was carried out both to assess the stability of a cytoplasmic male‐sterility (CMS) source from Helianthus resinosus, designated RES1, and to incorporate it into inbred sunflower lines (HA89, RHA271, RHA801). All the progenies, grown in different environments, were completely male‐sterile. This suggests that the expression of this cytoplasm is stable. Female‐fertility of lines HA89, RHA271 and RHA801 carrying CMS RES1 were compared with those of the corresponding fertile inbred lines. There were no differences in the number of seeds per head. This indicates that female‐fertility is not affected by RES1 cytoplasm. Cytological studies showed that meiosis proceeds normally until the tetrad stage; consequently, the absence of pollen is caused by alterations that take place during postmeiotic stages. With the aim of identifying male‐fertility restorer genotypes, crosses were made between HA89 (CMS RES1) plants and different annual diploid and perennial hexaploid Helianthus species. All the diploid germplasm evaluated behaved as a CMS RES1 maintainer. However, the hexaploid species, H. resinosus, H. x laetiflorus, H. pauciflorus and H. tuberosus, restored pollen fertility in CMS RES1 plants. 相似文献
12.
Summary
Atylosia scarabaeoides
Benth. and A. platycarpa
Benth., close relatives of the species Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp., were screened for photoperiodic response. Four photoperiods ranging from 12 h 45 min to 19 h were studied in three environments. A. scarabaeoides flowered freely only in the first photoperiod. A. platycarpa not only flowered early (39 to 63 days after planting) in all four photoperiods, but also exhibited a relatively constant vegetative phase up to 16 h of illumination.
Cajanus cajan, in which most cultivars-if not all-exhibit a response to photoperiod, was successfully hybridized with the two Atylosia species. It is suggested that genes for earliness and insensitivity to day-length could be transferred from A. platycarpa to C. cajan. 相似文献
13.
Summary From 28 Indica-Japonica crosses, two Indica cultivars, V.20B and Sattari were identified to possess male sterile cytoplasm with fertility restoring genes. It was possible to develop a new Japonica cytoplasmic genetic male sterile line (Zhunghua-1) on Indica male sterile cytoplasm (V 20B) by repeated backcrossing the complete pollen sterile plants of V 20B x Zhunghua-1 to the recurring male parent, Zhunghua-1. The study indicated that it would be possible to develop male sterile lines rom indica-japonica crosses only when there is sufficient amount of reciprocal differences with respect to pollen sterility. Further, it was inferred that it would be easier to develop Japonica male sterile lines on Indica cytoplasm than developing Indica male sterile line with japonica cytoplasm. 相似文献
14.
Shahram Mohammady-D 《Euphytica》2005,142(1-2):143-148
Cytoplasmic male-sterility (CMS) in pigeonpea has been reported when some wild relatives of pigeonpea were crossed as the female parent with cultivated types as the male parent. In this paper we report a new source of CMS developed by using the cultivated pigeonpea as the female parent and one of its wild relative Cajanus acutifolius as the pollen donor. This is the first report in pigeonpea where CMS has been developed using the cytoplasm of cultivated pigeonpea. Several pure line cultivars of pigeonpea restored pollen fertility whereas cv. HPL 24 partially maintained male-sterility. The wild species C. acutifolius used as one of the parents, maintained complete sterility. Cytological analysis revealed that both in male-sterile as well as the fertile floral buds, meiosis proceeded normally till the tetrad stage. However in the male-sterile genotypes during the formation of tetrads, the pollen mother cell (PMC) wall did not dissolve to release the tetrads unlike in the fertile genotypes and this major event was found to be responsible for male-sterility. 相似文献
15.
Summary Various wild relatives of pigeonpea,Cajanus cajan, namely some species ofAtylosia andRhynchosia, possess desirable characteristics that could be utilized for effecting genetic improvement of this crop. In total 73 cross combinations among two cultivars ofC. cajan and one accession each of eightAtylosia species and one ofRhynchosia were attempted. Twelve hybrids were obtained. Seven of these were analysed for F1 fertility and their utility for agronomic improvement of theC. cajan. Fertility behaviour of the different F1 hybrids varied and indicated that potential of gene transfer between the two genera,Atylosia andCajanus, was as good as within the genusAtylosia. From F2 and F3 families ofC. cajan × A. scarabaeoides andC. cajan × A. albicans, plants were selected with greater physiological efficiency and agronomic superiority. The prospects of transferring pod borer resistance and higher seed protein content from someAtylosia species to pigeonpea are discussed. 相似文献
16.
Rs1046AB is a line which is true breeding for a dominant genetic male sterility gene (Ms) but which is a mixture of male fertile and sterile individuals (a two-type line) because it is segregating for a dominant suppressor gene (Rf). This system provides a promising alternative to the CMS system for hybrid breeding in Brassica napus. In order to identify molecular markers linked to the rf gene, a near-isogenic line (NIL) population from the cross between a sterile individual (MsMsrfrf) and a fertile individual (MsMsRfrf) in Rs1046AB was subjected to amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis, with a combination of comparing near isogenic lines (NILs) and bulked segregant analysis (BSA). From 2,816 pairs of AFLP primers, six fragments showing polymorphism between the fertile and sterile bulks as well as the individuals of the bulks were identified. Linkage analysis indicated that the six AFLP markers are tightly linked to the Rf gene and all are distributed on the same side. The minimum genetic distance between the Rf gene and a marker was 0.7 cM. Since the AFLP markers are not suitable for large-scale application in MAS (marker-assisted selection), our objective was to develop a fast, cheap and reliable PCR-based assay. Consequently, three of the four closest AFLP markers were converted directly to sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers. For the other marker a corresponding SCAR marker was successfully obtained after isolating the adjacent sequences by PCR Walking. The available SCAR markers of the Rf gene will greatly facilitate future breeding programs using dominant GMS to produce hybrid varieties. 相似文献
17.
We report the development of an improved cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) system of Brassica juncea carrying cytoplasm of the wild species Diplotaxis berthautii. Flowers of the CMS line are smaller than the euplasmic line but have improved nectaries. Anthers are slender and fail to
extend to the level of stigma. Female fertility of the CMS line is comparable to the euplasmic line. Fertility restorers of
Moricandia arvensis and D. catholica-based alloplasmic CMS systems of B. juncea were found capable of restoring male fertility to this new CMS line. The fertility restoration is monogenic and gametophytic.
Southern analysis showed that the cytoplasm of the CMS line is different from euplasmic B. juncea and other CMS systems restored by the same restorer lines. Northern analysis of the CMS, fertility restored and euplasmic
lines using eight mitochondrial gene probes revealed altered atpA expression associated with male sterility. Cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) markers were identified for the
plastid gene psbB, which could be useful for a quick identification of this CMS line.
S.R. Bhat and P. Kumar contributed equally to this work. 相似文献
18.
Chloroplast (cp) and mitochondrial (mt) DNA restriction profiles of a cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) line of Brassica juncea and its maintainer line were compared and found to be markedly different. Comparison of cpDNA restriction profiles of fifty different species of genus Brassica and some allied genera showed that the cpDNA profiles of CMS lines were similar to that of B. tournefortii for twenty different restriction endonucleases. This CMS system is thus not of spontaneous origin as reported earlier, but is alloplasmic in nature. Comparison of restriction profiles of mtDNA of B. tournefortii and CMS lines revealed some differences which might either be due to changes in DNA pattern during the transfer, or, due to the cytoplasm coming from a B. tournefortii line different from the one used in this study. 相似文献
19.
Y. S. Sodhi A. K. Pradhan J. K. Verma N. Arumugam A. Mukhopadhyay D. Pental 《Plant Breeding》1994,112(3):223-227
Eighteen genotypes of Brassica napus were crossed to a cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) line of B. napus BO 15 carrying B. tournefortii cytoplasm (‘tour’ cytoplasm). Fourteen genotypes were found to be stable maintainers of the ‘tour’ CMS. Of the remaining four genotypes, GSL-1 and ‘Asahi-natane’ were found to be heterozygous and ‘Mangun’ and ‘Yudal’ were homozygous for the restorer gene. Analysis of the F1 and F2 progenies of (CMS) BO 15 בMangun’ and (CMS) BO 15 בYudal’ showed that fertility restoration is controlled by a single dominant gene. The availability of a number of stable maintainer lines and the simple inheritance pattern of fertility restorer gene makes ‘tour’ CMS a useful system for hybrid seed production in rapeseed. 相似文献
20.
红麻GMS与CMS小孢子败育过程的细胞学及组织化学比较 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以红麻细胞质雄性不育系(GMS)L23A、保持系L23B及从该保持系中发现的细胞核雄性不育系(CMS)L23BS为材料,采用石蜡显微制片技术,在光学显微镜下比较观察了三者花药发育过程中小孢子的发育过程及组织化学变化。结果表明,L23A的花药发育过程中,小孢子发育的不同阶段均出现败育现象,最早的败育表现为花粉母细胞在减数分裂之前的退化解体,最终形成空的花粉囊; 有的因花粉母细胞减数分裂过程异常而导致不能形成小孢子四分体;有的因小孢子在四分体中不能正常释放而败育,同时绒毡层细胞过度液泡化,并提早解体死亡; 花药发育早期含有少量蛋白质和淀粉,随着花药的发育逐渐变少。而L23BS小孢子败育的时期集中于四分体至单核花粉期间,表现为小孢子发育异常,有些小孢子不能从四分体里释放出来而影响其正常发育。在四分体以前与可育系类似,花药含丰富的蛋白质和淀粉。在败育的过程中,花药中的蛋白质和淀粉含量渐渐减少,但药隔组织中的在颗粒淀粉含量几乎不变。 相似文献