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1.
《Postharvest Biology and Technology》2008,48(3):389-396
The influence of both postharvest treatments and film permeability on the quality decay kinetics of freshly processed grapes was addressed. Ethanol, chlorinated water and hot water were tested to reduce microbiological spoilage. The treated grapes were packaged in two polyester-based biodegradable films (NVT1 and NVT2) and the composition of the atmosphere within the packages determined. A multilayer film, made by laminating an aluminium foil with a polyethylene film (aluminium) was used to evaluate separately the respiratory activity of the packed grapes, and the oxygen and carbon dioxide permeability coefficients of the investigated films under real working conditions. The quality decay kinetics of freshly processed table grapes packed at 5 °C were assessed by monitoring the cell load of the main spoilage microorganisms (total mesophilic viable count, lactic acid bacteria, yeasts and moulds) and the product appearance for a period of about 30 days. Results suggest that ethanol was the most efficient treatment, as it successfully reduced the cell load of the spoilage microorganisms without affecting respiration of the packed food or its appearance. Differences between the investigated biodegradable films were not statistically significant. 相似文献
2.
为了明确不同厚度PE袋包装对西兰花采后品质的影响,以未装袋的西兰花作为对照(CK),采用PE微孔袋以及厚度为20、30、40、50μm的PE袋对西兰花进行包装处理,置于(15±1)℃环境下存放,通过测定贮藏期间气体体积分数、感官评价、色差、失重率、硬度、可溶性固形物含量、VC含量、叶绿素含量、挥发性物质等指标,研究不同包装处理对西兰花贮藏品质的影响。结果表明,相比于CK组,各包装组可有效降低西兰花的失重率,防止其黄化,减缓叶绿素、VC含量和硬度的下降;且相比于其他包装组,厚度为20μm的PE袋处理能显著减缓叶绿素损失,维持西兰花的感官品质和固有风味。因此,西兰花在(15±1)℃条件下采用20μm PE袋包装处理效果较好。 相似文献
3.
塑料薄膜和箱式气调对巨峰葡萄贮藏品质和采后生理影响的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究了低温(0±0.5℃)贮藏期间巨峰葡萄在塑料薄膜和箱式自发气调过程中的品质和生理的变化。结果表明,与箱式气调相比,塑料薄膜气调能够形成比较稳定的适宜葡萄贮藏的气体环境(CO2浓度4%左右),可有效地延缓可滴定酸(TA)及抗坏血酸(VC)含量的下降和醇糖比的升高,抑制PG活性及原果胶的分解,较好地保持了葡萄果实的硬度和咀嚼性,提高葡萄的耐贮性,维持采后良好的商品性。其中聚氯乙烯膜(PVC,厚度0.06 mm)的贮藏效果好于聚乙烯膜(PE,厚度0.03 mm);而箱式气调会形成较高浓度的CO2气体环境,引起葡萄高CO2气体伤害,导致果实失水、脱粒、酒化和褐变,不利于葡萄的长期贮藏。 相似文献
4.
Experiments of initial hermetic sealing using high barrier film were carried out on ‘Kyoho’ grapes (Vitis vinifera L. × V. Labrusca L. cv. Kyoho) in the 2008 and 2009 fruit seasons, to investigate their potential to enhance quality and extend storage life of the fruit. In the 2008 season, grapes were packaged in high barrier film bags for 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 weeks, and a modified atmosphere (MA) of low oxygen and high carbon dioxide was formed after sealing. After packaging, fruit were removed from bags and stored in air for up to 90 d at 0 °C. In the 2009 season, grapes were packaged in perforated bags, or in high barrier film bags for 2 weeks and subsequently perforated bags to avoid further anoxia and excessive CO2 accumulation. After treatment, fruit were stored for up to 90 d at 0 °C, followed by shelf-life at 20 °C for 7 d. Non-packaging air storage was used as a control in both seasons. Fruit quality attributes including soluble solids, titratable acidity, stem browning, berry drop and decay incidence were measured. The results indicated that short-term initial MAP (≤2 weeks) had potential for improving appearance of bunches and maintaining the quality of berries during long-term storage, and significantly reduced quality deterioration. Stems were greener and berry drop and decay incidence were more effectively controlled when fruit were sealed in high barrier film bags for 2 weeks and the bags were subsequently perforated. 相似文献
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Sour rot is an important disease of grapes caused by an etiologic complex of microorganisms in which filamentous fungi play a key role. Yeasts are used for biocontrol of pathogenic filamentous fungi on fruits. The major objective of this study was to assess in vivo on detached berries the effect of viticultural yeasts on phytopathogenic fungi involved in grape sour rot. Yeasts that were found to be effective in vivo against the fungi were assayed for their possible pathogenicity in humans: growth at 42 °C, pseudohyphal formation, adhesion, and phospholipase and protease activity. A total of 234 yeasts belonging to 14 genera were assayed against the following pathogens: Aspergillus caelatus, Aspergillus carbonarius, Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus versicolor, Fusarium oxysporum, Penicillium comune, Rhizopus stolonifer and Ulocladium sp. Forty-three (16 Saccharomyces and 27 non-Saccharomyces) showed antagonistic properties against some of the fungi assayed in grapes at 25 °C. Yeast isolates determined as biocontrol agents under in vivo conditions were isolated from fermenting musts (35), viticultural soils (6) and grape berries (2). Twenty biocontrol agents did not show phenotypical characteristics associated with pathogenicity in humans. 相似文献
8.
Firmness is an essential quality parameter of table grapes (Vitis vinifera) for consumers, with grape bunches that contains soft berries less preferred, resulting in a reduction in the market price. The softening of grape berries has been commonly associated with cell walls, especially the disassembly of pectic polysaccharides. However, the process of berry softening is not completely understood. To investigate the softening process of grape berries, we compared the Thompson Seedless variety, which suffers significant economic losses due to fruit softening, and NN107, a new variety with a significantly higher level of berry firmness. The composition of the cell wall during the berry development of these two grape varieties was compared. NN107 berries had a greater amount of calcium and uronic acids in the cell wall material than Thompson Seedless grapes, suggesting a special role for calcium bridge formation in NN107. Additionally, polyacrylamide carbohydrate electrophoresis (PACE) analysis suggested differences between these varieties in pectin structure. Thompson Seedless grapes showed increased pectolyase hydrolysable site dynamics in the cell wall material and higher polygalacturonase activity than NN107. Immunohistochemistry focusing on the pectin structure confirmed the roles of both calcium bridge formation and cell wall integrity as they relate to a firmer grape berry phenotype. 相似文献
9.
Pre-storage application of 40% CO2 at 0 °C for 24 or 48 h and controlled atmosphere (12% O2 + 12% CO2) storage at 0 °C for up to eight weeks on decay control and quality of organic ‘Flame Seedless’ and ‘Crimson Seedless’ table grapes were studied as a postharvest disease control alternative. To simulate different potential field conditions, these organic treatments were applied to organic-grown grapes that were naturally infected (without inoculation), surface inoculated (berries inoculated by spraying with a conidia suspension), and nesting inoculated (clusters inoculated by placing in the middle an artificially infected berry) with the pathogen Botrytis cinerea, the cause of grape gray mold. Under these three conditions, a 40% CO2 for 48 h pre-storage treatment followed by controlled atmosphere reduced the gray mold incidence from 22% to 0.6% and from 100% to 7.4% after four and seven weeks, respectively. High CO2 pre-storage alone limited botrytis incidence in both naturally and artificially infected grapes, but was more effective when combined with CA. These treatments did not affect visual or sensory fruit quality. Exposure to high CO2 for 24 or 48 h effectively inhibited mycelial growth of B. cinerea in PDA plates incubated at 22 °C for up to 72 h. Conidia germination in PDA plates was reduced ∼60% after 12 h incubation. In vitro studies demonstrated a fungistatic effect, but further studies on the mechanism of action could improve treatment performance. This novel high CO2 initial fumigation followed by controlled atmosphere during storage or transportation could be a commercially feasible alternative for postharvest handling of organic and conventional table grapes. Our results encourage validating this combined physical treatment in other cultivars and under commercial conditions. 相似文献
10.
针对设施葡萄生产中光温逆境导致果实品质欠佳（着色差）的问题,对2个葡萄园转色期的‘巨峰’和‘巨玫瑰’葡萄进行每日补光试验处理（4:00—5:00和19:00—22:00）,观察处理前后果实品质的差异。结果表明,每日补光4 h处理后‘巨峰’和‘巨玫瑰’着色更深、更均匀,且补光处理能显著提高葡萄果实的颜色指数,补光处理后葡萄果皮的花色苷含量提高了5.00~19.42 µg/g;葡萄果实的可溶性固形物含量增加了0.5~1.7 °Brix,葡萄糖含量增加了0.42~3.43 mg/g,最终成熟期提早了5~7天。综合试验结果可知,在葡萄转色期进行补光处理,可以明显改善红色系葡萄的着色问题,提高葡萄品质,对优质葡萄生产有良好的应用价值。 相似文献
11.
以感官品质、好果率、失重率、糖酸比、微生物生长情况等为评价指标,对大豆多糖与三七提取物、五味子提取物、石榴皮提取物、茶多酚、葡萄籽提取物、甘草提取物和蒲公英提取物复配涂膜保鲜草莓进行研究。结果表明：大豆多糖与几种植物提取物复配涂膜均能提高草莓的感官品质,降低草莓的腐烂率、失重率、糖酸比,减少微生物的滋生,提高草莓的保鲜效果;大豆多糖与石榴皮、葡萄籽和蒲公英提取物复配对草莓表面微生物的生长具有很强的抑制作用,果实好果率较高,失重率较低;与蒲公英复配,草莓中VC含量最高;与石榴皮、茶多酚提取物复配,草莓的糖酸比较高,口感较好。 相似文献
12.
水溶性壳聚糖在葡萄保鲜中的应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
因为葡萄易腐烂、保质期短。所以该试验以葡萄为试材,通过喷涂的方法,在常温下测定贮藏期间葡萄的坏果率以及感官品质的变化,研究了不同浓度的壳聚糖膜对葡萄的保鲜效果。结果表明,用壳聚糖涂膜处理能降低葡萄的腐烂率,保持葡萄的色泽和亮度,明显降低贮藏葡萄的呼吸代谢强度和水分的散失程度。其中以1%壳聚糖膜处理的保鲜效果最好。 相似文献
13.
Table grapes need of substantial water supply for achieving commercial requirements. Viticulture practices such as girdling (G) and gibberellic acid (GA) application, as well as water supply, can improve table grape quality. The study, which was conducted in two consecutive seasons (2010–2011), aimed to assess the counterbalance effect of these viticulture practices on yield and quality parameters and flavonoids composition in case of a significant and unusual irrigation water reduction (40%) applied to a table grape variety. The data from the two-way ANOVA and PCA analyses indicated that viticulture practices were clearly related to anthocyanins and flavonols variations whereas water management appeared mainly involved in the yield parameters variability. Specifically, the reduced water supply (RWS) decreased the grape yield (−20%) with respect to full water supply (FWS); by contrast GA, G, and G × GA treatments determined an increment of grape production ranging from 10 to 23%, independently from irrigation strategy. Moreover, G, in particular applied to RWS grapes, was able to improve the total soluble solids over titrable acidity (TSS/TA), a ratio strictly related to the quality perception by the consumer. Total anthocyanins were found positively linked to FWS whereas flavanols content was indifferent to water management. Instead viticulture practices seemed to have a greater impact on anthocyanin composition, considering that in RWS grapes under GA condition, higher contents of malvidin and peonidin (mainly responsible for the color stability of the skins) were revealed. Furtheremore, catechins and rutin appeared significantly enhanced by G and G × GA, and GA, respectively. From gathered findings, it can be concluded that suitable viticulture practices can allow a sensible reduction of water supply during table grape growth cycle without detrimental effects on yield and quality. 相似文献
14.
基于连云港灌南葡萄种植区年限2008—2017年17个观测站站点共20年逐旬、逐月、逐年温度、降水、日照资料;1:25万的连云港市基础地理背景数据,运用GIS将1:25万等高线数据转成高分辨率(100 m×100 m)的数字地形模型,运用地理信息系统,层次分析法,通过结合葡萄主要生育期的气候条件,生育期主要发生的气象灾害,采取的防御措施,得出葡萄气候适宜性区划指标,采用GIS技术对葡萄种植进行气候适宜性区划。结果表明：选取4月葡萄萌芽期气温、5月葡萄果树开花期降水量Rm、8月葡萄果实成熟期雨量值Rm作为灌南葡萄气候适宜性研究指标。经专家打分,权重系数分别为0.4、0.4、0.2。把这些指标分别分3个等级,分别是适宜、次适宜和不适宜,确定葡萄商业性栽培的气候生态条件。区划结果表明,灌南县葡萄最适宜栽培气候区,包括中北部地区,主要有张店、北陈集、三口。次适宜区有孟兴庄、汤沟、李集。不适宜种植区新集部分、新安、花园、百禄等南部和东部地区。此研究方法可为连云港各类经济作物安全布局提供参考依据。 相似文献
15.
Iraci Sinski Daniela Dal Bosco Neiva Izabel Pierozzi João Dimas Garcia Maia Patrícia Silva Ritschel Vera Quecini 《Euphytica》2014,196(2):299-311
The efficiency of in vitro polyploidization depends on several variables associated to the plant, the antimicrotubule agent and the interactions between them. In the present work, we have used response-surface methodology to determine the best operating conditions for plant recovery in polyploidization assays for shoot apices and somatic embryos of two seedless grape cultivars, employing colchicine and oryzalin. Explant type, tubulin-interfering compound and concentration were the critical factors determining plant recovery. Linear reduction in viable plant regeneration via organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis was obtained by increasing oryzalin concentrations and treatment time, whereas the effects of colchicine were better described by a quadratic design for both explants types. The conditions promoting higher rates of plant recovery were used in chromosome doubling experiments with oryzalin and colchicine for shoot apices and somatic embryos of ‘Crimson seedless’ and ‘BRS Clara’. The established protocols allowed the recovery of non-chimerical autotetraploid plants at rates higher than 30 % for both cultivars. Stomata size parameters statistically correlate to the ploidy level of the regenerants and were effective for preliminary polyploidy screening. Autotetraploid lines of seedless grapes were incorporated into the Vitis germplasm bank for further agronomical evaluations. To our knowledge, this is the first report of in vitro oryzalin induced polyploidization of grapevine and of the use of mathematical modeling to optimize chromosome doubling in plants. 相似文献
16.
为获得三倍体葡萄新种质,以葡萄四倍体‘醉金香’×二倍体‘秋黑’杂交所得幼果为试材,研究了幼果低温处理天数、培养基IAA浓度、胚珠处理方式以及不同光质等因素对胚发育及胚萌发的影响。结果表明,采集授粉后35 d的杂交幼果,先进行4℃低温处理,再取出胚珠接种,有利于胚发育和萌发,以低温40 d和30 d处理的胚发育率和萌发率最高,分别为91.8%和24.4%;培养基IAA浓度为0.2 mg/L时可显著提高胚萌发率;进行切喙处理的胚珠胚萌发率显著高于完整胚珠接种;发光二极管LED复合光(红∶蓝∶白=3∶1∶1)比日光色荧光灯(日光灯)更适合杂种胚萌发;用流式细胞仪检测了20个杂种后代株系,其中三倍体株系19个,后代三倍体株率为95.0%。 相似文献
17.
为了研究PLA膜包装对白玉菇子实体的保鲜效果,以未包装和PE膜包装为对照,考察了在20~25℃,相对湿度90%条件下贮藏5天,PLA膜包装对白玉菇子实体感官评分和各项生理指标的影响。结果表明：贮藏5天时间内,相对于未包装和PE膜包装,PLA膜包装能使白玉菇子实体感官品质好、硬度高、水分失重低、褐变小、CAT酶下降小、PPO酶上升少、微生物总菌量滋生少。PLA膜包装有利于抑制包装后白玉菇子实体的呼吸,减少总糖、氨基酸含量的降低,维持了白玉菇的感官质量与品质,使其具有更好的保鲜效果,货架期延长,产品商业价值更高。 相似文献
18.
《European Journal of Agronomy》2001,14(2):145-155
A FACE (Free Air CO2 Enrichment) experiment was carried out on Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) in 1996 and 1997 in an existing vineyard in Italy. Four FACE arrays were used to fumigate adults plants, while two arrays were used as control. Three CO2 exposure levels were used in these arrays (ambient, 550 and 700 μmol mol−1). Dynamics of vegetative and reproductive biomass and grape quality compounds (sugar and acid concentrations) were monitored during the two growing seasons. Chemical analyses of the main wine quality compounds were made after fermentations. Elevated atmospheric CO2 levels had a significant effect on biomass components (total and fruit dry weight) with increases that ranged from 40 to 45% in the 550 μmol mol−1 treatment and from 45 to 50% in 700 μmol mol−1 treatment. Acid and sugar contents were also stimulated by rising CO2 levels up to a maximum increase in the middle of the ripening season (8–14%); however, as the grapes reached the maturity stage the CO2 effect on both quality parameters almost completely disappeared. Wine quality was not significantly affected by elevated CO2. Furthermore, no significant differences were detectable among the plants grown in the two enriched treatments (550 and 700 μmol mol−1), and the effects of elevated CO2 concentration were similar in the two growing seasons. The absence of any further stimulation of the highest CO2 treatment (700 μmol mol−1) on grapevine growth and yield quality (i.e. grapes and wine) may be explained as a result of transport and/or sink limitations. We can conclude that the expected rise in CO2 concentrations may strongly stimulate grapevine production without causing negative repercussions on quality of grapes and wine. 相似文献
19.
Leonardo Schena Franco Nigro Isabella Pentimone Angela Ligorio Antonio Ippolito 《Postharvest Biology and Technology》2003,30(3):209-220
Fifty-one endophytic isolates of Aureobasidium pullulans were obtained from the flesh of sweet cherries and extensively screened to evaluate their biocontrol activity against postharvest rots of sweet cherries and table grapes. Preliminary analysis of all isolates by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) with three different primers showed the presence of a high genetic variability and enabled isolates not showing any genetic difference to be discarded. Thirty-five isolates with different RAPD electrophoresis patterns had a wide range of biocontrol activity against Botrytis cinerea and Monilinia laxa on single-wounded berries of sweet cherries and table grapes with a reduction of decay from 10 to 100%. Two isolates (533 and 547) significantly reduced B. cinerea on table grape berries also when applied 6, 12, and 24 h after the pathogen inoculation. In a 2-year period of investigation (1998–1999), a reduction of total rots ranging from 32 to 80% (sweet cherries) and from 59 to 64% (table grape) was achieved with isolates 533 and 547 applied after harvest. Preharvest applications of isolate 547 significantly reduced postharvest rots of sweet cherries and table grapes by 47 and 38%, respectively. On the whole, isolates 533 and 547 were more effective than A. pullulans L47, a biocontrol agent of postharvest diseases with a known activity. Population studies demonstrated that isolate 547 was able to survive under field conditions, to increase its population during cold storage, and to penetrate the flesh of sweet cherries when applied during flowering. 相似文献
20.
Juan Pablo Zoffoli Bernardo A. Latorre Paulina Naranjo 《Postharvest Biology and Technology》2009,51(2):183-192
Over 54,600 ha of table grapes (Vitis vinifera), mainly cvs. ‘Thompson Seedless’, ‘Flame Seedless’ and ‘Redglobe’, are planted in Chile. Almost the entire production is exported to the USA, Europe, Asia, or one of several Latin American countries, which typically requires 15–40 d of maritime transportation. During this period, several physical, physiological, and pathological factors cause table grape deterioration. Because berry size is the main quality factor in international markets, farmers often overuse the growth regulators, gibberellic acid (GA3) and forchlorfenuron (CPPU), in an effort to increase berry size. We examined the effect of preharvest growth regulators on seedless (‘Thompson Seedless’, and ‘Ruby Seedless’) and seeded (‘Redglobe’) table grape cultivars during cold (0 °C) storage plus a shelf life period of 3 d at 20 °C. The overuse of GA3, eight instead of two GA3 applications on Thompson Seedless, and the use of one GA3 application on Redglobe and ‘Ruby Seedless’, increased berry pedicel thickness and lowered cuticle content but induced shatter and predisposed grapes to gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea. In contrast, CPPU increased berry pedicel thickness and cuticle content but did not increase shatter or gray mold incidence. Clusters that were subjected to overuse of combined GA3 and CPPU were highly sensitive to shatter, had the thickest pedicel, and developed a high gray mold incidence during cold storage. Hairline, a fine cracking developed during cold storage, was induced on ‘Thompson Seedless’ and ‘Ruby Seedless’ by growth regulators, but no hairline occurred on ‘Redglobe’ table grapes. Therefore, berry quality during cold storage is greatly influenced by growth regulator management in the vineyard. 相似文献