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锌源和水平对异育银鲫生长性能、组织锌沉积和抗氧化功能的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本试验旨在研究实用饲料中添加不同水平的硫酸锌及羟基蛋氨酸螯合锌( MHA-Zn)对异育银鲫生长性能、组织锌沉积和抗氧化功能的影响.试验选用初重为(2.73±0.01)g的异育银鲫1 120尾,随机分为7个处理,每处理4个重复,每重复40尾.以白鱼粉和豌豆蛋白粉为蛋白质源设计基础饲料,对照组饲喂基础饲料,试验组在基础饲料中分别添加不同水平硫酸锌至饲料锌含量分别为50(ZN50组)、65 mg/kg(ZN65组)和MHA-Zn至饲料锌含量分别为37.5(MZN37.5组)、50(MZN50组)、65(MZN65组)和200 mg/kg(MZN200组).试验期8周.结果表明:1)与对照组相比,各试验组存活率较高(P＞0.05);低剂量MHA-Zn组(MZN37.5组、MZN50组和MZN65组)鲫鱼的增重率和蛋白质效率显著降低(P＜0.05),但MZN200组和硫酸锌组(ZN50组和ZN65组)的增重率及蛋白质效率与对照组间差异不显著(P＞0.05).2)硫酸锌组的鲫鱼椎骨锌沉积量随饲料锌含量的增加呈上升趋势,ZN65组显著高于对照组(P＜0.05);MHA-Zn组的鲫鱼椎骨沉积量随饲料锌含量的增加呈先上升后下降的抛物趋势,MZN65组显著高于ZN65组(P＜0.05);且经一元二次回归分析,当添加MHA-Zn饲料中锌含量为131.3 mg/kg时,椎骨锌沉积量达最大值.3)肝胰脏抗氧化指标不受饲料锌的影响(P＞0.05);MHA-Zn组的碱性磷酸酶活性呈下降趋势.由此得出:当实用饲料中锌满足异育银鲫生长需要时,进一步补充硫酸锌对其生产性能没有显著影响,补充MHA-Zn至饲料锌含量为131.3 mg/kg时,鲫鱼椎骨锌沉积量达最大值. 相似文献
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锌源和锌水平对奥尼罗非鱼生长性能、抗氧化指标和体组成的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本研究旨在观察实用饲料中添加不同锌源和锌水平对罗非鱼生长性能、抗氧化指标和体组成的影响.试验选用初重为(2.98±0.02)g的奥尼罗非鱼1 080尾,随机分为9组,每组4个重复,每个重复30尾.分别饲喂1种实用对照饲料和8种添加不同水平硫酸锌(记作Zn-10、Zn-20、Zn-30和Zn-60)和蛋氨酸锌(记作MZn-10、MZn-20、MZn-30和MZn-60)的试验饲料,2种锌源饲料中的锌添加量分别为10、20、30和60 mg/kg,试验期为8周.结果显示:Zn-60和MZn-60组的增重率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),饲料系数显著低于对照组(P<0.05).罗非鱼肝脏超氧化物歧化酶和总抗氧化能力水平分别在MZn-20组达到最高,显著高于对照组、Zn-10和Zn-60组(P<0.05);过氧化氢酶活性在MZn-20组显著高于Zn-30、Zn-60和MZn-60组(P<0.05).与对照组和硫酸锌组相比,蛋氮酸锌组罗非鱼肌肉粗蛋白质含量显著升高(P<0.05),肌肉粗脂肪含量显著降低(P<0.05);与对照组相比,Zn-20和Zn-30组肌肉粗脂肪含量显著降低(P<0.05),Zn-10组肌肉灰分含量显著升高(P<0.05).随饲料中锌添加量的增加,罗非鱼肥满度呈现出先下降后增加的趋势,在Zn-20和MZn-30组达到最低,显著低于对照组和其他各蛋氨酸锌组(P<0.05).添加锌的各试验组罗非鱼肝体比呈升高趋势,Zn-30和MZn-60组显著高于对照组(P<0.05),罗非鱼脂体比在MZn-60组显著高于对照组(P<0.05).由此得出,实用饲料中添加60 mg/kg锌能够提高罗非鱼幼鱼的生长性能,硫酸锌和蛋氨酸锌的促生长作用效果相似;实用饲料中添加10～20 mg/kg锌能够增强罗非鱼抗氧化能力,蛋氨酸锌抗氧化作用明显优于硫酸锌. 相似文献
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以蛋氨酸锌为锌源,在等氮等能的基础饲料中添加不同水平的锌,配制实际锌含量分别为9.3、31.7、49.9、90.1、168.6和326.5 mg/kg的6种试验饲料,饲喂平均体重为(14.54±0.10)mg的方格星虫稚虫8周,用以研究饲料锌含量对方格星虫稚虫生长、体成分、体腔液中锌含量及碱性磷酸酶活性的影响。每种试验饲料设3个重复,每个重复饲喂400尾方格星虫稚虫。结果表明:饲料锌含量对方格星虫的成活率、增重率和特定生长率均有显著影响(P0.05),其中增重率和特定生长率均在饲料锌含量为49.9 mg/kg时达到最高值,并显著高于饲料锌含量最低(9.3 mg/kg)和最高(326.5 mg/kg)的组(P0.05)。饲料锌含量对虫体粗脂肪和粗灰分含量有显著影响(P0.05),虫体粗脂肪含量随着饲料锌含量的提高呈先增后降的趋势,而粗灰分含量的趋势则相反。饲料锌含量对虫体水分和粗蛋白质含量没有显著影响(P0.05)。饲料锌含量对虫体体腔液锌含量和碱性磷酸酶活性均有显著影响(P0.05)。虫体体腔液锌含量随着饲料锌含量的提高而不断上升,在饲料锌含量为326.5 mg/kg时达到最高值;而虫体体腔液中碱性磷酸酶活性则随着饲料锌含量的提高先上升后趋于稳定,当饲料锌含量为49.9 mg/kg时达到最高值。以增重率为评价指标,通过回归分析得出方格星虫稚虫饲料中适宜锌含量为41.93 mg/kg。 相似文献
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选取180只东乡黑羽绿壳蛋鸡随机分成3组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只。A组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮,B组、C组分别在基础日粮基础上添加120 mg/kg的羟基蛋氨酸锌和碱式氯化锌(按锌含量计)。预试期7 d、正式期28 d。结果表明,与对照组相比,日粮中添加羟基蛋氨酸锌可显著提高蛋鸡产蛋率(P<0.05);碱式氯化锌可极显著提高蛋鸡产蛋率(P<0.01),显著降低料蛋比(P<0.05);试验各组的蛋壳厚度、蛋黄指数、蛋形指数、哈氏单位差异均不显著;两种锌源均可极显著提高蛋黄中锌含量,试验第28天时,分别较对照组提高32.8%和32.3%(P<0.01)。由此可见,日粮中添加羟基蛋氨酸锌和碱式氯化锌均能改善蛋鸡生产性能,提高鸡蛋中锌含量,综合比较,添加碱式氯化锌效果更好。 相似文献
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本研究旨在探究酶解肠膜蛋白粉替代鱼粉对卵形鲳鲹（Trachinotus ovatus）生长性能的影响。试验配制4种饲料,对照组饲喂基础饲料（M0）,替代组分别饲喂以2%(M2)、4%(M4)和6%(M6)的酶解肠膜蛋白粉替代基础饲料中鱼粉的等氮等脂饲料。试验将300尾平均体质量为（6.66±0.17）g的卵形鲳鲹随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复25尾,每天饱食饲喂2次,为期8周。结果表明,酶解肠膜蛋白粉替代4%鱼粉对卵形鲳鲹增重率、特定生长率、饲料系数和蛋白质效率无显著影响（P> 0.05）,但饲料成本最低。替代水平为2%和6%时,增重率和特定生长率显著降低（P <0.05）。因此,酶解肠膜蛋白粉的最适替代量为4%。 相似文献
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本试验研究蛋氨酸螯合锌对绿头野鸭生长性能及能量和蛋白质代谢的影响,探讨蛋氨酸螯合锌的最佳添加量。试验采用单因子完全随机试验设计,供试绿头野鸭54只,分为3个处理组,每组18只,设3个重复。第Ⅰ组为对照组,添加150 mg/kg硫酸锌;第Ⅱ、Ⅲ组为试验组,分别添加75 mg/kg硫酸锌 150 mg/kg蛋氨酸螯合锌3、00 mg/kg蛋氨酸螯合锌。试验期为8周,采用3层立体笼养,每周进行称重、称料,通过饲养试验、代谢试验,测定绿头野鸭生长率、耗料量及营养物质的代谢率。研究结果表明,各试验组的平均日增重显著高于对照组(P<0.05),分别提高了12.13%、11.96%,以4~7周效果最明显;能量和蛋白质代谢率均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);料肉比显著低于对照组;从试验的总体效果看,添加75 mg/kg硫酸锌 150 mg/kg蛋氨酸螯合锌效果较好。因此,提倡蛋氨酸螯合锌与硫酸锌混合饲喂绿头野鸭效果好,成本低,建议推广使用。 相似文献
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饲粮纤维和不同化合锌对雏鸡生长性能 血液生化指标和组织中锌浓度的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
试验在低和高水平纤维的基础饲粮中添加不同化合锌(1.基础对照;2.氧化锌;3.硫酸锌;4.氯化锌;5.硝酸锌;6.乙酸锌;7.葡萄糖酸锌),结果表明,1.高纤维使采食量(P<0.01),体增重(P<0.01)和饲料效率(P<0.05)显著提高;体增重在不同锌源之间比较有显著差异(P<0.05),低纤维时硫酸锌组最高,高纤维时乙酸锌组最高。2.高纤维使血清总蛋白和白蛋白含量降低(P<0.01),不同锌源对血清碱性磷酸酶活性有显著影响(P<0.01),但在低纤维时葡萄糖酸锌影响最大,在高纤维时硫酸锌影响最大(互作显著,P<0.05)。添加锌使血清球蛋白含量显著低于未加锌对照(P<0.05)。3.高纤维使加锌鸡肝脏、胰脏和胫骨中锌浓度明显降低(P<0.01)。加锌使组织中锌浓度显著提高,但在低纤维时,乙酸锌提高得最明显,在高纤维时硝酸锌(肝脏和胰脏)和氯化锌(腔骨)提高得最明显。 相似文献
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试验选择1500尾幼建鲤鱼,随机分为3组,每组3个重复,分别在基础饲料中添加0、0.3%和0.8%的丙氨酰-谷氨酰胺(Ala-Gln),饲养8周,探讨Ala-Gln对鲤鱼生长性能和饲料利用的影响。结果表明:当饲料Ala-Gln水平为0.3%时,特定生长率、平均增重率和蛋白质效率均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),但当Ala-Gln水平为0.8%时,特定生长率、平均增重率和蛋白质效率与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05),但显著低于0.3%的饲料添加组(P<0.05);饲料系数的变化趋势与之相反。当Ala-Gln添加水平为0.3%时,幼建鲤的增重和饲料利用率达到最高水平,当饲料中Ala-Gln的添加水平为0.8%时,幼建鲤的增重和饲料利用率下降。在本试验条件下,幼建鲤饲料中添加0.3%的Ala-Gln可促进其生长和饲料利用。 相似文献
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随机选取 7日龄健雏 72只 ,分成 3组 ,每组 2 4只。每组基础日粮相同。 1组为对照组 ,添加 0 .0 4 %硫酸锌 ;2、3组为试验组 ,分别添加 0 .0 4 %蛋氨酸螯合锌、0 .0 2 %蛋氨酸螯合锌 +0 .0 2 %硫酸锌。饲养试验结果表明 ,各试验组平均日增重均极显著高于对照组 (P <0 .0 1) ,同时各试验组饲料转化率均高于对照组 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;各试验组体长、翅长增长均显著大于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,各试验组尾长增长也大于对照组 (P >0 .0 5 )。此外 ,各试验组成活率均高于对照组。综合比较 ,以 3组饲喂效果最好 相似文献
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为研究饲粮中不同锌水平对某些含锌酶活性及血、胰和胫骨锌含量的影响,试验选择1日龄健康AA肉鸡公雏300只,随机分为5个处理组,各处理组锌的含量分别为30、60、90、120、150 mg/kg。结果表明:(1)21日龄时,120、150 mg/kg锌组血锌含量显著增加(P<0.05),与对照组相比,分别提高了56.75%和91.45%;150 mg/kg锌组胰锌含量显著增加(P<0.05),与对照组相比,提高了130.77%;90、120、150 mg/kg锌组胫骨锌含量显著增加(P<0.05),分别比对照组提高14.16%、19.50%和26.61%。42日龄时,150 mg/kg锌组血锌含量显著增加(P<0.05),比对照组提高77.25%;60、90、120 mg/kg锌组胰锌含量显著增加(P<0.05),分别比对照组提高194%、198%和212%;120、150 mg/kg锌组胫骨锌含量显著增加(P<0.05),分别比对照组提高37.80%和43.29%。(2)21日龄时,120、150 mg/kg锌组心肌金属硫蛋白(MT)含量显著增加,分别比对照组提高9.79%和32.17%;90、120、150 mg/kg锌组骨骼肌MT含量显著增加,分别比对照组提高54.55%、57.02%和90.91%。42日龄时,心肌和骨骼肌中的MT含量没有表现出显著的差异。(3)21日龄时,150 mg/kg锌组肝脏铜锌超氧化物歧化酶(CuZn-SOD)活性显著提高,42日龄时,150 mg/kg锌处理组肝脏CuZn-SOD活性显著低于其他处理组。在本试验条件下,饲粮中添加硫酸锌可以显著提高肉鸡血清、胰脏、胫骨组织中的锌沉积,并对肝脏CuZn-SOD活性有一定的影响。 相似文献
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Effects of dietary supplementation with tribasic zinc sulfate or zinc sulfate on growth performance,zinc content and expression of zinc transporters in young pigs 
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下载免费PDF全文 Jie Wu Ciming Long Yajun Yao Hongxing Peng Dan Wan Xin Wu 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(10):1556-1560
An experiment was conducted to compare the effects of zinc sulfate (ZS) and tribasic zinc sulfate (TBZ) as sources of supplemental zinc on growth performance, serum zinc (Zn) content and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of Zn transporters (ZnT1/ZnT2/ZnT5/ZIP4/DMT1) of young growing pigs. A total of 96 Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire pigs were randomly allotted to two treatments and were fed a basal diet supplemented with 100 mg/kg Zn from either ZS or TBZ for 28 days. Feed : gain ratio in pigs fed TBZ were lower (P < 0.05) than pigs fed ZS, and average daily weight gain tended to increase (0.05 ≤ P ≤ 0.10) in pigs fed TBZ. Compared with pigs fed ZS, pigs fed TBZ had a higher CuZn‐superoxide dismutase and Zn content in serum (P < 0.05) while they had a lower Zn content in feces (P < 0.05). In addition, ZIP4 mRNA expression of zinc transporter in either duodenum or jejunum of pigs fed TBZ were higher (P < 0.05) than pigs fed ZS. These results indicate that TBZ is more effective in serum Zn accumulation and intestinal Zn absorption, and might be a potential substitute for ZS in young growing pigs. 相似文献
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氢氧化锌制备饲料级氧化锌的新工艺研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用锌粉法保险粉的副产氢氧化锌为主要原料,和碳酸氢铵一步法合成碱式碳酸锌,850℃热分解碱式碳酸锌制得饲料级氧化锌。通过正交试验,考察了合成碱式碳酸锌的各种影响因素,得出最优工艺条件为:碳酸氢铵与氢氧化锌的摩尔比0.5,反应时间4h,反应温度30℃。同时还对制备的饲料级氧化锌样品与普通产品的性能进行了对比测试。试验结果表明,试验样品能提高饲料级氧化锌的分散性和比表面积,减小堆积密度,产品有助于改善预混合饲料的混合均匀度,在饲料工业上具有实际应用意义。 相似文献
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选择经产期和产奶量相近的健康中国荷斯坦奶牛50头,完全随机分成5组,每组10头,分别饲喂基础日粮及添加150mg/kg和300mg/kg的有机锌和无机锌日粮。结果表明:1)添加150mg/kg和300mg/kg的锌对牛奶中乳脂率、乳蛋白、乳糖和非脂固形物(SNF)含量无显著影响(P>0.05);2)无机锌对产奶量无显著影响(P>0.05),而添加有机锌则可显著提高奶牛产奶量(P<0.05);3)高锌可极显著(P<0.01)提高血锌和乳锌含量,而且血锌与乳锌之间存在线性相关(r=0.627,n=50)。 相似文献
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Zinc‐bearing zeolite clinoptilolite improves tissue zinc accumulation in laying hens by enhancing zinc transporter gene mRNA abundance 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Linfeng Li Ping Li Yueping Chen Chao Wen Su Zhuang Yanmin Zhou 《Animal Science Journal》2015,86(8):782-789
A study was conducted to investigate effects of zinc‐bearing zeolite clinoptilolite (ZnCP), as an alternative for zinc sulfate (ZnSO4), on laying performance, tissue Zn accumulation and Zn transporter genes expression in laying hens. Hy‐Line Brown laying hens were allocated to three treatments, each of which had six replicates with 15 hens per replicate, receiving basal diet supplemented with ZnSO4 (control, 80 mg Zn/kg diet), 0.23% ZnCP (40.25 mg Zn/kg diet) and 0.46% ZnCP (80.50 mg Zn/kg diet) for 8 weeks, respectively. Compared with control, hens fed diet containing 0.23% ZnCP had similar Zn content in measured tissues (P > 0.05). A higher ZnCP inclusion (0.46%) enhanced Zn accumulation in liver (P < 0.05) and pancreas (P < 0.05). In addition, ZnCP inclusion increased blood iron (Fe) content (P < 0.05). ZnCP supplementation enhanced jejunal metallothionein‐4 (MT‐4) messenger RNA (mRNA) abundance (P < 0.05). ZnCP inclusion at a higher level (0.46%) increased mRNA expression of MT‐4 in pancreas (P < 0.05) and zinc transporter‐1 (ZnT‐1) in jejunum (P < 0.05). The highest ZnT‐2 mRNA abundance in jejunum was found in hens fed 0.23% ZnCP inclusion diet (P < 0.05). The results indicated that ZnCP reached a higher bioavailability as compared with ZnSO4 as evidenced by enhanced tissue Zn accumulation and Zn transporter genes expression. 相似文献
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Julia E. Cummings DVM DACVIM Jan P. Kovacic DVM DACVECC 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2009,19(3):215-240
Objective – To review zinc physiology and pathophysiology and the importance of zinc toxicity and deficiency in veterinary patients.
Data Sources – A review of human and veterinary medical literature.
Human Data Synthesis – There is a significant amount of original research in humans and animals on the role of zinc in multiple organ systems. There is also significant data available on human patients with zinc abnormalities.
Veterinary Data Synthesis – Zinc deficiency has been studied in dogs with genetic disease and dietary deficiency leading to dermatological disease and immune deficiency. Zinc toxicity has been described after ingestion of metallic foreign bodies containing zinc.
Conclusions – Historically, the role of zinc in health and disease has been studied through patients with toxicity or severe deficiency with obvious clinical signs. As the ubiquitous contribution of zinc to structure and function in biological systems was discovered, clinically significant but subtle deficiency states have been revealed. In human medicine, mild zinc deficiencies are currently thought to cause chronic metabolic derangement leading to or exacerbating immune deficiency, gastrointestinal problems, endocrine disorders, neurologic dysfunction, cancer, accelerated aging, degenerative disease, and more. Determining the causal relationships between mild zinc deficiency and concurrent disease is complicated by the lack of sensitive or specific tests for zinc deficiency. The prevalence of zinc deficiency and its contribution to disease in veterinary patients is not well known. Continued research is warranted to develop more sensitive and specific tests to assess zinc status, to determine which patients are at risk for deficiency, and to optimize supplementation in health and disease. 相似文献
Data Sources – A review of human and veterinary medical literature.
Human Data Synthesis – There is a significant amount of original research in humans and animals on the role of zinc in multiple organ systems. There is also significant data available on human patients with zinc abnormalities.
Veterinary Data Synthesis – Zinc deficiency has been studied in dogs with genetic disease and dietary deficiency leading to dermatological disease and immune deficiency. Zinc toxicity has been described after ingestion of metallic foreign bodies containing zinc.
Conclusions – Historically, the role of zinc in health and disease has been studied through patients with toxicity or severe deficiency with obvious clinical signs. As the ubiquitous contribution of zinc to structure and function in biological systems was discovered, clinically significant but subtle deficiency states have been revealed. In human medicine, mild zinc deficiencies are currently thought to cause chronic metabolic derangement leading to or exacerbating immune deficiency, gastrointestinal problems, endocrine disorders, neurologic dysfunction, cancer, accelerated aging, degenerative disease, and more. Determining the causal relationships between mild zinc deficiency and concurrent disease is complicated by the lack of sensitive or specific tests for zinc deficiency. The prevalence of zinc deficiency and its contribution to disease in veterinary patients is not well known. Continued research is warranted to develop more sensitive and specific tests to assess zinc status, to determine which patients are at risk for deficiency, and to optimize supplementation in health and disease. 相似文献
18.
日粮锌源和锌水平对断奶仔猪血清及组织铜、铁、锌沉积的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
选用临床检查健康的(26±2)日龄"杜×长×大"三元杂交断奶仔猪100头,按体质量和性别随机分为5组,每组20头,分别饲喂基础日粮、基础日粮+2000mg/kg氧化锌、基础日粮+3000mg/kg氧化锌、基础日粮+250mg/kg蛋氨酸锌、基础日粮+500mg/kg蛋氨酸锌。试验期14d。于断奶后0,7,14d,经前腔静脉采血,用原子吸收光谱仪检测血清中铜、铁、锌水平。试验结束时,每组选5头仔猪放血致死,取心、肝、肾、脑、脾、胸腺组织,测定铜、铁、锌含量。结果显示,仔猪断奶后,血清中铜、锌水平显著或极显著下降(P0.05或P0.01);添加不同锌源和锌水平的高锌日粮能提高断奶仔猪肝、肾、脑、血清锌的含量,显著或极显著降低仔猪血清铜和心、胸腺铜以及脾铁水平(P0.05或P0.01),对血清铁及其他组织铁含量无明显影响。这表明高锌日粮能增加断奶应激仔猪体内锌水平,降低部分组织中铜、铁含量。 相似文献
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Jun M. Zhang 《Animal Science Journal》2014,85(4):435-439
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of dietary supplementation of palygorskite instead of zinc oxide (ZnO) on growth performance, apparent nutrient digestibility and zinc contents in serum and feces in weaned piglets. One hundred and sixty‐five piglets (28 days of age, 7.10 ± 0.86 kg) were allotted to five treatments on the basis of weight and sex. Each treatment included three replicates of 11 piglets. The piglets were fed the same basal diet supplemented with 0 mg/kg (control group), 1800 mg/kg, 2400 mg/kg, or 3000 mg/kg palygorskite or 2500 mg/kg ZnO for 28 days. There was no significant difference for incidence of diarrhea among the four treatments during the 0–14‐day feeding period. Compared with the control group, piglets offered diets supplemented with 1800 mg/kg palygorskite had higher (P < 0.05) average daily gain (ADG) and crude protein digestibility. Fecal digestibility of energy in 1800 mg/kg palygorskite and ZnO groups were higher (P < 0.05) than that in the control group. Both the zinc concentrations in serum and fecal zinc excretion in palygorskite groups and control group were all lower (P < 0.05) than that in the ZnO group. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with 1800 mg/kg palygorskite can improve growth performance and nutrient digestibility and can also decrease zinc excretion in feces in weaned piglets. 相似文献
20.
A. H. M. van den Broek 《Veterinary research communications》1993,17(1):3-11
Three oral zinc tolerance tests using increasing doses of elemental zinc (0.5, 0.75 and 1.0 mg/kg) given as zinc sulphate (ZnSO4.7H2O) were carried out in eight normal beagles. The zinc tolerance curves obtained were similar to those described in man, with the peak plasma zinc concentration occurring 2 h after dosing. There was a considerable variation between individual animals in the peak plasma zinc concentration achieved with each dose. This would appear to limit the value of a zinc tolerance test in assessing the efficiency of zinc absorption in individuals, although it may be of value in making comparisons between groups of dogs.Abbreviations AUC
area under the concentration/time curve 相似文献