首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 250 毫秒
1.
A system where carbon sequestration was directly dependent upon biomass production in a plantation was modelled to assess whether economic breeding objectives for the genetic improvement of Eucalyptus globulus were sensitive to potential revenues from carbon sequestration. Carbon dioxide equivalent accumulation in the biomass (CO2e) of the Australian E. globulus plantation estate established between 2004 and 2012 was estimated. Total carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) accumulation was in the order of ～146 t CO2e ha?1, of which 62 t CO2e ha?1 were tradable in 2012 (the 1st Kyoto Protocol commitment period) and a further 30 t CO2e ha?1 were tradable in 2016 (a hypothetical second Kyoto protocol commitment period). The correlated response of breeding objectives with and without carbon revenues (ΔcG h 1) never fell below 0.86 in sensitivity analysis, and the mean was 0.93. Where economic breeding objectives for the genetic improvement of Eucalyptus globulus for pulpwood plantations are based on maximizing net present value by increasing biomass production, the consideration of carbon revenues in economic breeding objectives will have no significant effect on the relative economic weights of the key economic traits, wood basic density and standing volume at harvest.  相似文献   

2.
Information on carbon (C) sequestration potential of agroforestry practices (AP) is needed to develop economically beneficial and ecologically and environmentally sustainable agriculture management plans. The synthesis will provide a review of C sequestration opportunities for AP in temperate North America and the estimated C sequestration potential in the US. We estimated carbon sequestration potential for silvopasture, alley cropping, and windbreaks in the US as 464, 52.4, and 8.6?Tg?C?yr?1, respectively. Riparian buffers could sequester an additional 4.7?Tg?C?yr?1 while protecting water quality. Thus, we estimate the potential for C sequestration under various AP in the US to be 530?Tg?yr?1. The C sequestered by AP could help offset current US emission rate of 1,600?Tg?C?yr?1 from burning fossil fuel (coal, oil, and gas) by 33?%. Several assumptions about the area under different AP in the US were used to estimate C sequestration potential: 76?million?ha under silvopasture (25?million?ha or 10?% of pasture land and 51?million?ha of grazed forests), 15.4?million?ha (10?% of total cropland) under alley cropping, and 1.69?million?ha under riparian buffers. Despite data limitation and uncertainty of land area, these estimates indicate the important role agroforestry could play as a promising CO2 mitigation strategy in the US and temperate North America. The analysis also emphasizes the need for long-term regional C sequestration research for all AP, standardized protocols for C quantification and monitoring, inventory of AP, models to understand long-term C sequestration, and site-specific agroforestry design criteria to optimize C sequestration.  相似文献   

3.
The strategy for implementing silvicultural practices in Japanese plantation forests was examined to achieve a carbon uptake of 13.0 Mt-C year–1, which was capped by the Marrakesh Accords, during the first commitment period, 2008–2012. The plantation forests that implemented silvicultural practices in the period 1990–2012 (FM plantation forests) were identified in compliance with the hypothesized identification rules, and carbon uptake in the forests was estimated using a simple model composed of simulation and optimization components on the assumption that whole plantation forest is classified into only two groups. Furthermore, parametric analysis was conducted to investigate the relationships among three factors: (1) the average annual harvesting volume (including thinning) in plantation forests during the first commitment period, (2) the total area of FM plantation forests in 2012, and (3) the average annual amount of carbon to be sequestered in FM plantation forests during the first commitment period. The results imply that young stands have to be prioritized in implementing silvicultural practices under any harvesting plan and carbon sequestration goal, and that FM plantation forests sequestered 8.0–10.5 (Mt-C year–1) carbon in inverse proportion to the harvesting volume of 21.0–14.0 million m3 year–1 (log volume), assuming that most of the plantation forests were incorporated into them.  相似文献   

4.
在１１０年的发展过程中,澳洲坚果在一些国家和地区形成了产业,许多国家正在引种试种。主产国已培育出一些优良品种。全球种植面积已达４万多ｈｍ２,年产鲜果６万多ｔ,果仁销售量１万多ｔ。由于适应范围较广、经济效益较高,发展前景良好。  相似文献   

5.
澳洲坚果是世界上著名的坚果之一,其果仁具有很高的营养价值和医疗保健功能,受到国内外消费者广泛喜爱。目前种植澳洲坚果的国家有20多个,其中澳大利亚产量最大。随着澳洲坚果商业化种植区域的扩展,座果率低成为制约澳洲坚果产量和产业发展的关键性要素。文中以澳洲坚果繁育系统为主题,从澳洲坚果的花部特征、花期、花粉活力、柱头可授性、自交亲和程度、主要传粉媒介、异交率、花粉有效散布距离、座果率、生理落果、花粉直感效应、杂交及育种展望等方面进行了综述。最新研究表明,澳洲坚果的壳果质量、种仁质量、种仁回收率和含油率都与父本有关,包括自花授粉和异花授粉果实之间的差异,从而证明花粉亲本对果实质量有直感效应的影响。为有效保证市场供需,需结合澳洲坚果繁育系统特点进行经营管理,以促进澳洲坚果产业健康和可持续发展。  相似文献   

6.
利用基于林分生长过程的Richards生长方程以及蓄积量转换生物量模型,评估了辽宁冰砬山长白落叶松人工林和蒙古栎天然次生林两种典型森林类型4个龄级的植被固碳速率、固碳潜力和潜在固碳价值。研究结果表明:两种森林的单位面积植被固碳潜力总体上都是随着龄级的增加单位面积植被固碳潜力在增加。除中龄林外,长白落叶松人工林各个龄级的植被单位面积固碳潜力均比蒙古栎天然次生林大。长白落叶松人工林各龄级森林植被单位面积潜在固碳价值在2 113~9 656元,蒙古栎天然次生林在1 594~4 195元。长白落叶松人工林2000年和2005年的固碳潜力分别为14和11 Gg·a-1,潜在固碳价值分别为1 700和1 300万元·a-1,与2000年相比,2005年固碳潜力和潜在固碳价值都有所降低;蒙古栎天然次生林2000年和2005年的固碳潜力分别为4.8和5.4 Gg·a-1,潜在固碳价值分别为600和700万元·a-1,与2000年相比,2005年固碳潜力和潜在固碳价值都有所增加。  相似文献   

7.
以鄂西南鹤峰县鹅掌楸天然林为研究对象,通过对林分空间结构(角尺度、大小比、混交度)和林分非空间结构 (径级结构、树高结构、重要值)的研究与分析,直观地反映其林分结构的特征,查清该区鹅掌楸种群的发展现状,为鹅掌楸 天然林的合理保护与科学经营提供依据 。在鹅掌楸天然林集中生长的代表性地段建立 17个 20mx20m调查样地,进行 每木定位与检尺调查,应用 Excel2019、Winkelmas2.0软件对样地调查数据进行处理与分析 。结果表明:研究区鹅掌楸 天然林中共 73个树种,鹅掌楸为该群落的优势种,生长处优势地位( =0.17),种群整体呈轻微聚集分布(为 0.56),同 时该种群在林分中呈现极强度混交状态( =0.85):种群整体径级、树高分布都呈右偏正态分布,小径级林木株数很少, 种群整体呈现稳定型一衰退型 。FSI均值为 0.82,FSD 均值为 0.30,林分空间结构为接近于理想状态(41.18%)或达 到理想状态(58.82%)。鹅掌楸天然林处于演替后期,林分结构整体上较为理想,可对处于聚集分布的林木进行适当调整, 辅以 一定人为促进更新的措施,促使鹅掌楸林分结构更加合理。  相似文献   

8.
苦郎树是一种沿海防沙固堤的半红树植物，不仅在红树林群落中具有重要的生态价值，叶片提取物还有一定的医药价值。本研究通过4种光响应模型对苦郎树光响应曲线拟合，计算光合参数进行对比分析，评估最适拟合模型，并研究其光合特性。结果表明：不同模型对苦郎树光响应拟合存在差异，四种模型拟合优度均在0.996以上，苦郎树气孔导度随光合辐射增加而增加，在1800 μmol·m-2·s-1有效光合辐射下达到最大；在500 μmol·m-2·s-1有效光合辐射下水分利用效率最高，胞间二氧化碳维持在一个不变的浓度，与大部分植物的光合特性相似。非直角双曲线模型对苦郎树拟合效果最佳，如何精确拟合光饱和点还需进一步研究，应需要根据实际情况选用最适宜的光响应拟合模型，为海岸生态、防风固堤和园林绿化等工作提供理论依据。  相似文献   

9.
Biomass and carbon sequestration rate of a young (four year old) mixed plantation of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb., Acacia catechu Willd., and Albizia lebbeck Benth. growing in Terai region (a level area of superabundant water) of central Himalaya was estimated. The plantation is seed sown in the rainy season of year 2004 and spread over an area of 44 ha. Allometric equations for both above and below ground components were developed for three tree species. The density of trees in the plantation was 1322 trees ha−1 The diameters of trees were below 10 cm. Five diameter classes were defined for D. sissoo and A. catechu and 3 for A. lebbeck. 5 trees were harvested in each diameter class. Individual tree allometry was exercised for developing the allometric equations relating tree component (low and above ground) biomass to d.b.h. Post analysis equations were highly significant (P > 0.001) for each component of all species. In the plantation Holoptelia integrifolia Roxb. (Family Ulmaceae) has been reduced to shrub form because of frost. Only the aboveground biomass of H. integrifolia and other shrubs were estimated by destructive harvesting method. Herbaceous forest floor biomass and leaf litter fall were also estimated. The total forest vegetation biomass was 10.86 Mg ha−1 in 2008 which increased to 19.49 Mg ha−1 in 2009. The forest is sequestering carbon at the rate of 4.32 Mg ha−1 yr−1.  相似文献   

10.
通过马尾松低效林改造试验,研究了不同改造措施(全砍重造(QKCZ)、封山育林(FSYL)和补植混交(BZHJ))对土壤有机碳和活性有机碳的影响.结果表明:马尾松低效林改造后土壤有机碳(SOC)、微生物量碳(MBC)、水溶性有机碳(DOC)和易氧化碳(EOC)含量分别比未改造的马尾松低效林(对照,CK)增加了1.06～3.30 g·kg-1、16.81～142.29 mg·kg-1 (P ＜0.05)、12.83～43.71 mg· kg-1(P＜0.05)和0.16 g～0.54 g·kg-1(P＜0.05);不同改造措施马尾松林土壤活性有机碳占土壤有机碳的比例大小顺序,微生物量碳/有机碳(MBC/SOC)为FSYL＞ CK＞ QKCZ＞ BZHJ,易氧化碳/有机碳(EOC/SOC)为CK＞ BZHJ＞ FSYL＞ QKCZ,水溶性有机碳/有机碳(DOC/SOC)为BZHJ＞ CK＞ FSYL＞ QKCZ.说明3种马尾松低效林改造措施中QKCZ的土壤有机碳稳定性最好,更有利于土壤有机碳固存.  相似文献   

11.

Context

Current decision analysis techniques are ineffective for planning thinning operation to improve the forest structure.

Aims

The purpose of this study is to use multi-coefficient goal programming (GP) to plan a thinning schedule that allows more carbon sequestration and diverse forest structure.

Methods

A multi-coefficient GP is applied to plan a thinning schedule for a 2,633-ha plantation forest.

Results

This technique efficiently fine-tunes the thinning schedule to obtain 420,500 tons of carbon sequestration which was a little higher than the result by a multi-segment goal programming (MSGP). Moreover, a fixed-ratio multi-coefficient GP is applied to efficiently generate mosaic of thinned areas with various thinning intensities. Although the captured carbon by a fixed-ratio multi-coefficient GP is lower, the thinned areas can provide various habitats for forest life with multiform contrasting edges.

Conclusion

The use of a multi-coefficient GP allows practicable planning of better thinning alternatives to increase carbon sequestration and forest structure.  相似文献   

12.
In this study we analyzed the effect of silviculture on carbon (C) budgets in Pinus elliottii (slash pine) plantations on the southeastern U.S. Coastal Plain. We developed a hybrid model that integrates a widely used growth and yield model for slash pine with allometric and biometric equations determined for long-term C exchange studies to simulate in situ C pools. The model used current values of forest product conversion efficiencies and forest product decay rates to calculate ex situ C pool. The model was validated from a variety of sources, accurately simulating C estimates based on multiple measurement techniques and sites. Site productivity was the major factor driving C sequestration in slash pine stands. On high productivity sites, silvicultural schemes that promote sawtimber-type products are more suitable for increasing C storage (even not taking in account the consequent economical revenues associated with sawtimber production). When rotation length was increased from 22 to 35 years on unthinned and thinned stands, respectively, we estimated net increments of 26 and 20 MgC ha−1 in average C stock of the first five rotations. Even though in situ C pool in slash pine accounts for most of this net increment, C in sawtimber products increased from 8 and 14 to 23 and 24 MgC ha−1, on unthinned and thinned stands, respectively. Thinning effects on net C stock depended on intensity and timing of intervention, mainly due to changes in diameter classes that promote higher proportion of long-lived products. Emissions associated with silvicultural activities, including transportation of logs to the mill, are small compared to the magnitude of net C sequestration, accounting for between 2.2 and 2.3% of gross C stock. This slash pine plantation C sequestration model, based on empirical and biological relationships, is appropriate for use in regional C stock assessments or for C credit verification.  相似文献   

13.
The net gain of carbon in European Union (EU) forest vegetation during 1990–2005 was estimated at 360–400 Tg CO2 year−1 by analysing international data. This amount is at low end of the range of recent corresponding estimates, but greater than earlier estimates published for the period 1971–1990. The sequestration took place almost exclusively in areas which were already forested in 1990. In 2005, new plantations, established after 1990, contributed only about 8% to the estimated net gain. The sequestration was estimated to be the greatest in Germany, France, Italy, Finland and Poland regardless of data source and method of estimation. On a per capita basis, the sequestration was estimated to be the greatest in Finland and Latvia. Carbon sequestration in forests is an important component of the long-term carbon balance of the EU. Carbon sequestration in forests is partly driven by a recovery of the ecosystems from human-induced degradation in the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century. Forest management has affected carbon sequestration and merits attention in climate policy presuming that new policies and measures are reconciled with those already in place for the promotion of the diverse goals of land management in Europe.  相似文献   

14.
We developed site specific component (stem, branch, and foliage) biomass functions for two sites in Sweden (64° and 57° North latitude) where four treatments (control, irrigated, fertilized, irrigated plus fertilized) were applied in the existing Norway spruce stands (Picea abies L. Karst.) for 17 years. We tested for site effects in the component biomass equations and compared site specific biomass estimates to those generated using published functions ( 19 and 39). Site effects were significant for all components and indicated it would be unlikely to generate equations that well estimate biomass across the Norway spruce range as implicitly indicated in our efforts to generate species biomass expansion factors. We rejected our hypothesis that the published functions would well estimate component biomass for control plots. The published functions did not compare well with site specific component biomass estimates for the other treatments; both published functions well estimated stem mass up to stem mass of 25 Mg ha−1, beyond which stem mass was overestimated, and both functions over and under estimated foliage and branch mass. Nor did the published functions compare well with each other, with stem, foliage and branch mass estimate differences of 12, 55, −8% and 11, 77, and 59% for the southern and northern sites, respectively, when averaged over all treatments and years. Adding limiting resources through fertilization increased stem, foliage and branch mass 57, 11, 18% and 120, 37, and 69% at the southern and northern sites, respectively, which would increase carbon sequestration and available stemwood and bioenergy materials. We recommend that more effort is spent in process-based modeling to better predict mass at a given site and ultimately provide better estimates of carbon sequestration and bioenergy material production changes.  相似文献   

15.
Non destructive methods for quantification of carbon seques-tration in tropical trees are inadequately developed. We described a stan-dardized method for estimating carbon stock in teak (Tectona grandi...  相似文献   

16.
Black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) is the dominant tree species in the Canadian province of Québec’s boreal ecosystem, particularly in the black spruce-feathermoss (BSFM) domain (between the 49th and the 52nd parallels). While black spruce is generally well adapted to regenerate after wildfires, regeneration failure can sometimes occur, resulting in the irreversible conversion of closed-crown BSFM to open black spruce-lichen woodlands (OW). With OWs representing approximately 7% (1.6 M ha) of Québec’s BSFM domain, the afforestation of OWs carries significant theoretical potential for carbon (C) sequestration, which has not yet been evaluated. The main objectives of the study were then: (i) to estimate the theoretical C balance of OW afforestation within the closed-crown BSFM domain in Québec’s boreal forest; (ii) to calculate, using the life cycle analysis (LCA) method, all the GHG emissions related to black spruce OW afforestation in the closed-crown BSFM domain of Québec. The CO2FIX v. 3.1 model was used to calculate the biological C balance between the baseline (natural OW of site index 9 at age 50) and afforestation (black spruce plantation of site index 6 at age 25) scenarios, using the best estimates available for all five recommended C compartments (aboveground biomass, belowground biomass, litter, deadwood, and soil). The simulation revealed a biological C balance of 77.0 t C ha−1, 70 years following afforestation, for an average net sequestration rate of 1.1 t C ha−1 year−1. Biological C balance only turns positive after 27 years. When integrating the uncertainties related to both the plantation growth yield and the wildfire disturbance, the average sequestration rate varies between 0.2 and 1.9 t C ha−1 year−1. GHG emissions are 1.3 t CO2 equiv. ha−1 for all afforestation-related operations, which is less than 0.5% of the biological C balance after 70 years. Thus, GHG emissions do not significantly affect the net C balance of the afforestation project simulated. Several recommendations are made, mostly centered on the factors influencing the growth rate of carbon stocks and the impact of natural disturbances, to minimize the range of uncertainties associated to the sequestration potential and maximize the mitigation benefits of an OW afforestation project.  相似文献   

17.
Carbon sequestration is important in studying global carbon cycle and budget. Here, we used the National Forest Resource Inventory data for China collected from 2004 to 2008 and forest biomass and soil carbon storage data obtained from direct field measurements to estimate carbon (C) sequestration rate and benefit keeping C out of the atmosphere in forest ecosystems and their spatial distributions. Between 2004 and 2008, forests sequestered on average 0.36 Pg C yr?1 (1 Pg = 1015g), with 0.30 Pg C yr?1 in vegetation and 0.06 Pg C yr?1 in 0–1 meter soil. Under the different forest categories, total C sequestration rate ranged from 0.02 in bamboo forest to 0.11 Pg C yr?1 in broadleaf forest. The southwest region had highest C sequestration rate, 30% of total C sequestration, followed by the northeast and south central regions. The C sequestration in the forest ecosystem could offset about 21% of the annual C emissions in China over the same period, especially in provinces of Tibet, Guangxi, and Yunnan, and the benefit was similar to most Annex I countries. These results show that forests play an important role in reducing the increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide in China, and forest C sequestration are closely related to forest area, tree species composition, and site conditions.  相似文献   

18.

? Context

A large area of abandoned land in the semiarid temperate region of China has been converted into plantations over the past decades. However, little information is available about the ecosystem C storage in different plantations.

? Aim and methods

Our objective was to estimate the C storage in biomass, litter, and soil of four different plantations (monospecific stands of Larix gmelinii, Pinus tabuliformis, Picea crassifolia, and Populus simonii). Tree component biomass was estimated using allometric equations. The biomasses of understory vegetation and litter were determined by harvesting all the components. C fractions of plant, litter, and soil were measured.

? Results

The ecosystem C storage were as follows: Picea crassifolia (469 t C/ha)?>?Larix gmelinii (375 t C/ha), Populus simonii (330 t C/ha)?>?Pinus tabuliformis (281 t C/ha) (P?<?0.05), 59.5–91.1 % of which was in the soil. The highest tree and understory C storage were found in the plantation of Pinus tabuliformis (247 t/ha) and Larix gmelinii (1.2 t/ha) respectively. The difference in tree C fraction was significant among tree components (P?<?0.05), following the order: leaf?>?branch?>?trunk?>?root. The highest soil C (SC) was stored in Picea crassifolia plantation (411 t C/ha), while Populus simonii plantation had a higher SC sequestration rate than others.

? Conclusion

C storage and distribution varied among different plantation ecosystems. Coniferous forests had a higher live biomass and litter C storage. Broadleaf forests had considerable SC sequestration potential after 40 years establishment.  相似文献   

19.
Accurate biomass measurements and analyses are critical components in quantifying carbon stocks and sequestration rates, assessing potential impacts due to climate change, locating bio-energy processing plants, and mapping and planning fuel treatments. To this end, biomass equations will remain a key component of future carbon measurements and estimation. As researchers in biomass and carbon estimation, we review the present scenario of aboveground biomass estimation, focusing particularly on estimation using tree-level models and identify some cautionary points that we believe will improve the accuracy of biomass and carbon estimates to meet societal needs. In addition, we discuss the critical challenges in developing or calibrating tree biomass models and opportunities for improved biomass. Some of the opportunities to improve biomass estimate include integration of taper and other attributes and combining different data sources. Biomass estimation is a complex process, when possible, we should make use of already available resources such as wood density and forest inventory databases. Combining different data-sets for model development and using independent data-sets for model verification will offer opportunities to improve biomass estimation. Focus should also be made on belowground biomass estimation to accurately estimate the full forest contribution to carbon sequestration. In addition, we suggest developing comprehensive biomass estimation methods that account for differences in site and stand density and improve forest biomass modeling and validation at a range of spatial scales.  相似文献   

20.
通过对国营雷州林业局30个5年生桉树无性系人工林的调查、试验,旨在阐明不同桉树无性系人工林碳储量的变化规律及营建桉树碳汇林的合理措施.结果表明:30个桉树无性系人工林生态系统平均碳储量为148.743 t·hm-2,高于之前学者研究的桉树人工林碳储量,其中,乔木层和土壤层分别占34.39％、61.88％;乔木层平均碳储量达51.948 t·hm-2,不同无性系间差异极显著(p＜0.01),其中,23(101-1)、25(179-1)、4(BU1)、26(184-1)号无性系表现最优;土壤层的平均碳储量为92.033 t·hm-2,不同无性系土壤层碳储量差异不明显;灌木层、草本层、凋落物层碳储量分别是2.430、0.731、1.592 t·hm-2,占比例较小.营建桉树碳汇林关键在于无性系的正确选择.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号