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1.
The interactions of alkaline copper quat (ACQ) components with the earlywood and latewood tissues of southern pine were investigated. There was a highly significant redistribution of the copper amine component from the earlywood to the latewood during post-treatment fixation at 50°C, which was mainly attributed to diffusion of copper amine from the earlywood into the latewood. A small amount of copper amine redistributed between the tissues and toward the wood surfaces during drying following fixation. The redistribution within the wood was similar whether the preservative penetrated longitudinally, tangentially, or radially into the wood during pressure treatment. This redistribution resulted in lower solubility of copper, and this effect contributes to the overall copper fixation in ACQ-treated wood. The quat component did not significantly diffuse after treatment, and its concentration remained much higher in the earlywood compared to the latewood. 相似文献
2.
杉木间伐材ACQ防腐与综合强化复合改性研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在将ACQ与UF树脂调制成相容的复合改性剂对杉木间伐材进行复合改性研究的基础上,深入探索复合改性的机理与综合效果.对浸渍材与表面密实化处理相结合的优化工艺,当弦向压缩率为20%时各项力学性能指标均比素材增加51%以上;进行浸渍处理与ACQ或UF单独处理材经煮沸和抗水、酸、碱抽提的抗流失性对比试验及防腐试验,表明前者比后者有所提高;并采用铜离子跟踪法进行X-射线荧光光谱仪定量分析,测定了浸渍材复合改性剂的含量和分布情况,确认了一次性浸渍优化工艺参数的较佳效果. 相似文献
3.
4.
In Japan, ammoniacal copper quaternary wood preservatives type-1 (ACQ-1), which contains copper and benzalkonium chloride
as its active ingredients, is among the most widely used wood preservatives in the pressure treatment of wood. Benzalkonium
chloride (BAC) in commercial ACQ-1 products mainly comprises C12 and C14 homologues. In the present study, the leaching characteristics
of these BAC homologues were investigated using the heartwood and sapwood portions of Japanese cedar, Japanese larch, and
Sakhalin fir treated with ACQ-1 and 1% monoethanolamine (MEA) solution containing equimolar amounts of homologues. Distilled
water (DW) and artificial seawater (SW) were used as leaching media. Consequently, it was observed that the leaching rate
of the C12 homologue tended to be higher than that of the C14 homologue in DW. The leaching of C12 homologues was accelerated
by using SW, resulting in a significantly higher leaching rate than the C14 homologue using SW. It was thought that the difference
in the hydrophobicities based on alkyl chain lengths resulted in these phenomena. However, when the heartwood portion of Japanese
larch was treated with the homologues in MEA, the leaching rate of the C14 homologue was significantly higher than that of
the C12 homologue. 相似文献
5.
The interference of copper based preservative treated southern yellow pine (SYP) on the cure of phenol-formaldehyde adhesives
was investigated by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Copper preservatives used in this study include copper
azole (NS), alkali copper quat (ACQ)-type C (NW). Three commercial phenol-formaldehyde (PF) adhesives used for oriented strand
board (OSB) face area, core area and a plywood adhesive were studied. The curing peak temperature and peak time of OSB core
and face PF resin shifted to higher temperature and duration in the presence of CCA, NS, and NW-treated SYP compared to that
in untreated SYP. The above treatments interfere with the cure of OSB core and face PF resin. Untreated SYP showed a curing
accelerating effect on the cure of plywood adhesive, but the accelerating effect of copper-treated SYP on the cure of plywood
resin was not significant. 相似文献
6.
7.
采用铜氨(胺)季铵盐(ACQ-D)防腐剂处理马尾松木材,以水性高分子异氰酸酯(API)、聚氨酯(PUR)和间苯二酚-苯酚-甲醛树脂(RPF)为胶黏剂制备防腐材胶合试样,研究胶黏剂种类和防腐剂处理浓度对马尾松胶合强度的影响。结果表明:API、PUR、RPF适用于ACQ处理马尾松的胶合,平均剪切强度和木破率均达到GB/T 26899—2011《结构用集成材》要求。胶黏剂种类对防腐材胶合强度有显著影响,表现为PUR和RPF的剪切强度优于API。与未处理材相比,ACQ处理对API胶合有负面影响,对PUR胶合有增强效应,对RPF胶合没有显著影响。在ACQ浓度为0.1%～1.0%范围内,胶合强度没有显著变化。 相似文献
8.
文章采用EDTA络合滴定法对ACQ木材防腐药剂中有效成分铜含量进行测试研究,同时用原子吸收光谱法对样品进行同步检测分析。结果表明,采用EDTA滴定法测定ACQ防腐剂中铜含量,检测结果重复性好,准确度、精密度高,且操作简便,是一种非常适合于ACQ木材防腐剂生产中质量监控的快速检测方法。 相似文献
9.
The amounts of polyethylene glycol (PEG) of a range of molecular weights (200–20000) and their mixtures in wood cell walls were estimated by preferential extraction of PEG from the cell lumens. PEG extracted by toluene over 1 h extraction periods was examined by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) spectroscopy. The assumption that a non-polar solvent would not extract PEG from the cell walls was shown to be invalid. Only about 0.07–0.08 g PEG per g dry wood was retained in wood after 12 h-toluene extraction and this value was not significantly affected by PEG molecular weight (MW). This relatively low cell wall content can result in as high as 50% cell wall bulking (CWB) which is dependent on MW. Samples treated with mixture of PEG MWs indicated preferential penetration of lower MW into cell walls. 相似文献
10.
Sye Hee Ahn Sei Chang Oh In-Gyu Choi Ho-Yong Kim In Yang 《Journal of Wood Science》2008,54(6):495-501
As a substitute for high-cost copper azole (CuAz) and alkaline copper quaternary (ACQ) wood preservatives, alternative wood
preservatives were formulated with okara, which is an organic waste from the production of tofu, and copper chloride and/or
borax. Each preservative was used in treatment of wood blocks in a reduced-pressure method to measure its treatability. The
treated wood blocks were placed in hot water for 3 days to examine the stability of the preservatives against hot-water leaching.
The preservatives successfully penetrated into wood blocks, probably due to the use of ammonium hydroxide as a dissociating
agent. However, the stability of okara-based preservatives dropped as the concentration of acid in the solutions used for
hydrolysis of okara increased. The treatability and leachability of the preservatives were not affected by hydrolysis temperature
but were negatively affected by the addition of borax. Leached wood blocks treated with okara-based preservatives and exposed
to decay fungi Gloeophyllum trabeum and Postia placenta over 12 weeks showed good decay resistance. Okara-based wood preservatives can protect wood against fungal attack as effectively
as CuAz, and have potential for use as environmentally friendly wood preservatives. 相似文献
11.
《林业研究》2016,(2)
Chemical extraction, bioremediation, and electrodialytic processes have been extensively studied for removal of copper, chromium, and arsenic from wood treated with chromated copper arsenate(CCA). However,one problem has not been addressed: the effects of wood species and retention levels on remediation efficiency. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of wood species and retention levels on removal of copper,chromium, and arsenic from CCA-treated wood samples using sodium hypochlorite. Our results showed that sodium hypochlorite(Na OCl) was very effective for removal of copper, chromium, and arsenic from CCA-C treated milled wood samples for all three species used in this study. The Cu, Cr, and As extraction efficiencies for red pine were95 % Cu, 97 % Cr and 94 % As, for maple were 95 % Cu,97 % Cr, and 98 % As at 4.0 kg m-3retention levels, and for aspen were 95 % Cu, 92 % Cr, and 91 % As at9.6 kg m-3retention level, respectively. However, the results showed that wood species and initial retention levels of CCA-treated wood products played very important roles in terms of removal of Cu, Cr, and As. 相似文献
12.
Samuel L. Zelinka Samuel V. Glass Charles R. Boardman Dominique Derome 《Wood material science & engineering》2016,11(4):228-238
Moisture storage and transport properties of southern pine (Pinus spp.) wood were measured for implementation into hygrothermal models. Specimens were untreated or pressure-treated with alkaline copper quaternary (ACQ) preservative. Moisture storage was characterized with sorption isotherms in the hygroscopic region (high capillary pressures) and documented with mercury intrusion porosimetry in the overhygroscopic region (low capillary pressures). The data were then combined into a single moisture retention curve as a function of capillary pressure. Moisture transport was evaluated from steady-state water vapor transmission and dynamic capillary water absorption experiments. These data were used to calculate the moisture permeability over the entire range of capillary pressures using the diffusivity approach of Carmeliet et al. Moisture storage and transport properties were similar for the untreated and ACQ-treated southern pine, except for the permeability of the treated wood which was lower in the radial direction. The data presented here can be used to improve the accuracy of hygrothermal and combined hygrothermal–corrosion modeling simulations. 相似文献
13.
Benzalkonium chloride (BAC) is the active ingredient of ACQ-1, one of the most widely used wood preservatives in Japan. BAC in ACQ-1 comprises homologues with different alkyl chains: C12 comprises 74%; C14 26%; and C16 < 1%. To clarify the leaching characteristics and the factors affecting the leaching of BAC homologues, wood specimens treated individually with the C12, C14, and C16 homologues were used in a leaching experiment with distilled water (DW) and artificial sea water (SW). The leaching rates of the BAC homologues were accelerated by the SW, and the order of the leaching rate in both DW and SW was C12 > C14 > C16. When the specimens were treated with a mixture of two of the three homologues, the leaching rates of the C14 and C16 homologues from specimens treated with a solution containing C14 and C16 were lower than that from specimens treated with a solution containing the C14 or C16 homologue together with C12. From the adsorption isotherm of the homologues it is assumed that the formation of BAC aggregates on the treated wood is related to their leaching. BACs consisting of mainly C14 and C16 are thought to be suitable for reducing leaching, particularly in marine usage. 相似文献
14.
壳聚糖金属配合物处理后竹材的防褐腐作用及力学性能 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以4年生新伐毛竹为试材,以褐腐菌棉腐卧孔菌为试菌,对壳聚糖铜配合物(CCC)、壳聚糖锌配合物(CZC)及相应的金属盐(氯化锌)和铜铬硼(CCB)、ACQ处理材的耐腐性能、力学性能及胶接性能进行研究.结果表明:1) CCC处理的竹材对棉腐卧孔菌的耐腐性能不及CCB和ACQ处理材;但是,随着CCC处理浓度的增加,处理材耐褐腐性能明显增加,当处理材中金属离子保持量达到5.141 kg·m-3时,腐朽后质量损失低于6.1%.2) CZC处理毛竹试材的耐腐效果低于CCC、CCB和ACQ,略高于氯化锌处理材,当CZC中金属离子保持量高于5.091 kg·m-3时,处理材的质量损失在26.4%～29.0%之间.3) 同素材(未处理材)相比,经防腐剂处理后的竹材力学性能及胶接性能均有不同程度下降,尤其是CCB处理材.在所测指标中,抗弯弹性模量和抗弯强度下降最明显,横纹抗压强度和胶接强度除CCB外变化不大. 相似文献
15.
Copper and quaternary ammonium compound distributions across lumber and amounts of available or soluble components were measured in coated and uncoated alkaline copper quat-treated southern pine lumber. Lumber that was not exposed to weathering had slightly higher copper retention near the surface and a steeper quat gradient. After 3?years of natural weathering, copper and quat leachings were significantly reduced by the coatings and leaching rates were low, even though the coatings were failing. The amounts of soluble copper were significantly reduced after weathering, even after accounting for the copper leached during the exposure. The relative amount of soluble monoethanolamine (Mea) remaining after weathering was low compared with copper. This reduction in soluble amine in the wood was most likely responsible for the reduced amounts of available copper. The reduced quat leaching from coated samples is attributed to the extended effectiveness of the coatings in the earlywood. 相似文献
16.
Yoh-ichi Matsushita Kazuhiro Sugamoto Kenji Miyakubo Chiaki Kurogi Takanao Matsui Hisato Oda Hideto Fujimoto 《Journal of Wood Science》2008,54(6):476-482
Sawdusts of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) wood prepared before and after steam drying at 120°C in a kiln were extracted with n-hexane and ethyl acetate to give n-hexane extracts and ethyl acetate extracts. From gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the ethyl acetate extracts
from woods before and after steam drying, the components of 4-epi-cubebol, cubebol, and 2,7(14),10-bis-abolatrien-1-ol-4-one, which existed in the raw sugi wood, were proved to disappear
in the steam-dried wood. These components were also absent in the ethyl acetate extract of the steam-condensed solution of
waste steam from the kiln outlet. When these three components were treated with 0.2% (v/v) acetic acid solution at 120°C,
δ-cadinene was produced as a major product from both 4-epi-cubebol and cubebol by dehydration and cleavage of the cyclopropane ring, and cryptomerone from 2,7(14),10-bisabolatrien-1-ol-4-one
by hydration. The chemical changes of the three components presumably occur during steam drying of the sugi wood.
This study was presented in part at the 85th Spring Meeting of the Chemical Society of Japan, Kanagawa, Japan, March 26–29,
2005 相似文献
17.
ACQ和CuAz防腐处理对木材力学性能的影响 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：9
采用水溶性铜防腐剂(ACQ)和铜唑类防腐剂(CuAz)加压浸注处理臭冷杉木材,研究了药液处理浓度和后期干燥条件对木材抗弯弹性模量和抗弯强度的影响。t检验表明,本试验条件下,经两种防腐剂处理后,木材的抗弯弹性模量保持不变或略微增加。通过分析与对照素材试件的t检验比较,表明两种防腐剂处理前、后木材的抗弯弹性模量差异不显著。ACQ和CuAz防腐处理对木材抗弯强度有一定影响,ACQ处理使得木材抗弯强度整体上略有下降,而CuAz处理由于保持量相对较低,对木材抗弯强度未见明显下降趋势。后期干燥方式对木材抗弯强度亦未见明显规律性的影响。 相似文献
18.
FR-1阻燃处理材的吸湿性与野外耐腐性 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对FR－1阻燃处理材的吸湿性与野外耐腐性进行了初步探讨，试验结果表明：处理材在高温条件下的吸温率未超过28％，达到ASTM技术标准，其效果较目前广泛使用的磷酸二氢铵／硼化物、磷酸氢二钠好。与CCA、ACQ－B处理材相比，FR－1处理材的野外耐腐性效果不佳，不宜在室外与地接触的条件下使用。 相似文献
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20.
Influence of Ammoniacal Copper Quaternary treatments on mechanical properties of blue-stained Lodgepole Pine wood 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Three concentrations （2.8%, 2.0%, 1.2%） of Ammoniacal Copper Quaternary （ACQ） was selected to treat Lodgepole pine wood for evaluating ACQ treatment on mechanical properties of blue-stained wood. The bending modules of elasticity （MOE）, modules of rupture （MOR）, toughness and shearing strength parallel to grain on tangential surface, are tested according to the criteria GB1927-1943-91. Non-treated sample were also tested according to the same procedure. The results showed that the three groups specimen impregnated by different concentrations of ACQ solution met the AWPA standard 2003 of America （UC4A 6.4g/cm^3）. There were significant difference of toughness between treated wood and non-treated wood （p=0.01）, but there were no statistically significant differences among three concentrations in terms of toughness, and toughness of treated wood was approximately 20% lower than non-treated. MOR, MOE as well as sheafing strength parallel to grain were found to be not significantly different between treated wood and non-treated one, and there were no statistically significant difference among three concentrations of ACQ too. Toughness, MOR, MOE and sheafing strength parallel to grain increased with decrease of concentration of ACQ, but they were hardly affected by ACQ preservatives. 相似文献