共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
《Plant Production Science》2013,16(1):14-19
AbstractThe Partitioning of Dry Matter (Ratio of Dry Weight of Individual Parts To That of Total Dry Matter) Was Analyzed In Snap Bean Cultivars, Haibushi, A Heat-Tolerant Cultivar, and Kentucky Wonder, A Heat-Sensitive Cultivar, At Four Temperatures After Flowering on The Subtropical Island of Ishigaki, Japan. The Temperature Regimes Included 27/23ºC (Day/Night) As Normal, 24/20ºC As Low, 30/26 As High, and 33/29ºC As Extremely High. Most Growth Traits Increased After Flowering Time (35 Das), Displaying A Plateau At 68-75 Das. The Total Dry Matter Was Similar Under All Temperature Conditions, But Differed With The Cultivar. Haibushi Had A Higher Value of Total Dry Matter Than Kentucky Wonder, Which Was Mainly Due To Higher Pod Dry Weight Although Stem and Root Dry Weights Were Lower In Haibushi. A Sharp Decline of Dry Matter Partitioning To Pods Was Observed At 33/29 ºC. In The Temperature Range of 24/20 To 30/26ºC, Haibushi Showed Higher Partitioning To Pods Than Kentucky Wonder, Independent of Temperature. on The Other Contrary, Kentucky Wonder Showed Higher Partitioning To Pods At 27/23ºC Than At 24/20ºC. These Results Showed That The Partitioning of Dry Matter, Which Varied With The Cultivar and Temperature, Played An Important Role In Achieving Higher Harvest Index In The Heat-Tolerant Than In The Heat-Sensitive Cultivars. 相似文献
2.
打顶对芝麻不同叶位光合特性的影响研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在大田管理条件下,以不打顶为对照,研究了打顶对芝麻不同叶位叶片光合特性的影响。结果表明：芝麻叶片在打顶后通过调节合适的气孔开度来控制对蒸腾强度的调节,使气体交换达到一个经济合理的阈值,从而提高光能利用效率(LUE)和水分利用效率(WUE)。打顶使芝麻各部位叶片蒸腾强度（Tr）和气孔导度（Gs）都同时下降,平均比不打顶的分别下降4.71%和8.81%,而光合速率和水分利用效率分别比不打顶的高出5.97%和13.96%。打顶与不打顶各叶位间比较,上、中、下三叶位叶片光合速率（Pn）、叶片光能利用效率、叶片水分利用效率、蒸腾强度和气孔导度都达极显著水平。打顶后,在生育后期中、下部叶位叶片仍具有较高的光合效率、光能利用效率与水分利用效率。 相似文献
3.
Transgenic Nipponbare which over-expressed a Na+/H+ antiporter gene OsNHX1 was used to compare its growth performance, water status and photosynthetic efficiency with its wild type under varying salinity regimes. Chlorophyll content, quantum yield and photosynthetic rate were measured to assess the impact of salinity stress on photosynthetic efficiency for transgenic and wild-type Nipponbare. Effects of salinity on water status and gas exchange to both lines were studied by measuring water use efficiency, instantaneous transpiration rate and stomatal conductance. Dry shoot weight and leaf area were determined after three months of growth to assess the impacts of salinity on the growth of those two lines. Our study showed that both lines were affected by salinity stress, however, the transgenic line showed higher photosynthetic efficiency, better utilization of water, and better growth due to low transpiration rate and stomatal conductance. Reduction of photosynthetic efficiency exhibited by the wild-type Nipponbare was correlated to its poor growth under salinity stress. 相似文献
4.
不同品种茶树叶片功能性状及光合特性的比较 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以18个茶树品种(系)为研究对象,测量了茶树叶片的叶面积、叶形指数、比叶面积、干物质含量、叶绿素a、叶绿素b及其比值、叶绿素总量、类胡萝卜素及光合特性,并分析了叶片功能性状和光合特性之间的相关性。结果表明,茶树叶片叶形指数、干物质含量、气孔导度的变异系数低于10%,其余11项指标的变异系数为15.08%~43.22%,表现出较高的多样性水平;比叶面积与干物质含量之间存在显著负相关,叶形指数和叶面积与其他叶片功能指标均无显著相关;干物质含量与光合色素之间存在显著相关,叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素a/叶绿素b、叶绿素总量和类胡萝卜素两两之间存在极显著相关性;净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率两两之间存在极显著正相关,且气孔导度与胞间CO_2浓度呈显著正相关,茶叶光合速率主要受气孔限制的影响;净光合速率与干物质含量之间存在显著正相关,净光合速率、蒸腾速率与光合色素含量之间存在显著或极显著正相关,说明光合色素含量高的品种具有更强的光合能力和干物质积累能力;气孔导度、水分利用效率与叶片功能性状之间相关性不显著。14号茶树品种比叶面积相对较低,同时具有较高的干物质含量、净光合速率和水分利用效率,属于抗旱性较强、光合速率和水分利用效率高的品种,可作为抗旱性强、高光效的茶树品种进一步选育和应用。 相似文献
5.
Leaf Temperature and Transpiration of Field Grown Cotton and Soybean under Arid and Humid Conditions
《Plant Production Science》2013,16(3):224-228
AbstractAbstract : Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cultivars were grown under arid (Urumqi, Xinjiang, China) and humid (Matsudo, Chiba, Japan) conditions to analyze their abilities to adapt to arid conditions in terms of transpiration, leaf movement and leaf temperature. Under the arid condition, the leaf temperature of the cotton cultivars was higher than that of the soybean cultivar and the air temperature. There was no significant difference in leaf temperature among the cotton and soybean cultivars under the humid condition. The flow rate of stem sap in the cotton cultivars under the arid condition was always higher than that in the soybean cultivar, and was largely affected by vapor pressure deficit (VPD). Under the humid condition, however, the flow rates of stem sap were lower in the cotton cultivars than in the soybean cultivars. These results indicate that cotton can avoid heat stress by the high transpiring ability possibly supported by well-developed root systems, which leads to higher drought resistance under the arid condition. Soybean would adapt to arid conditions by the combination of paraheliotropic leaf movement and reduced transpiration. 相似文献
6.
《Plant Production Science》2013,16(3):266-270
AbstractFive cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars were grown in the field in Xinjiang, China to evaluate their adaptability to arid conditions in terms of leaf temperature, transpiration rate and leaf movement. Leaf temperature was higher in the morning and lower in the afternoon as compared with air temperature. There were large differences in the transpiration rate represented by the flow rates of stem sap per unit leaf area (FRSS) among the cotton cultivars. The transpiration rate in cotton generally depended on vapor pressure deficit (VPD). In the cultivars with a low transpiring ability, however, the influence of VPD was lower in the higher range of VPD. Cultivars with higher transpiring ability tended to have higher intercepted radiation per unit leaf area (IRL), i.e., to show active diaheliotropic leaf movement. The higher transpiring ability of cotton might be able to reduce heat stresses caused by diaheliotropic leaf movement and be profitable for yield under the arid conditions. 相似文献
7.
Warren K. Coleman 《American Journal of Potato Research》1986,63(5):263-276
Physiological responses to drought stress were evaluated in the potato cultivars Raritan and Shepody. Under well-watered conditions, Raritan exhibited a higher transpiration rate than Shepody. This higher rate could be related to a lower calculated stomatal resistance on abaxial leaf surfaces. Under drought stress conditions, Raritan consistently demonstrated superior performance over Shepody in the following areas: leaf water retention, epicuticular wax levels, desiccation tolerance and root growth. The estimated relative water content at a leaf water potential of-1.0 MPa was higher for Raritan than Shepody regardless of leaf age and may indicate a greater drought resistance in the former cultivar. 相似文献
8.
9.
Alphonsus K. BelaneFelix D. Dakora 《Field Crops Research》2011,124(3):279-287
Cowpea is a major food legume in Africa with relatively little information on N and C nutrition under field conditions in the continent. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between leaf symbiotic N nutrition and photosynthetic carbon assimilation in cowpea genotypes grown under field conditions in the Guinea savanna of Ghana. The experiments were conducted in a randomized complete block design in Ghana, using 30 nodulated cowpea genotypes. Data collected from gas-exchange studies showed that genotypes with high photosynthetic rates expectedly exhibited greater stomatal conductance, high transpiration rates and increased water-use efficiency, leading to greater dry matter yield. In contrast, those with low photosynthetic rates revealed low stomatal conductance, low transpiration rates and low water-use efficiency. Quantification of symbiotic N in photosynthetic leaves indicated greater N2 fixation in genotypes with higher photosynthetic rates, leaf transpiration and better water-use efficiency. Furthermore, measurement of C in leaves also indicated greater accumulation in genotypes with higher symbiotic N yield and total N, clearly indicating a link between C and N metabolism in photosynthetic leaves. Additionally, measures of photosynthetic N-use efficiency showed that genotypes with high levels of C-fixed per unit leaf total N also exhibited greater C-fixed per unit leaf N-fixed. Data suggest that where symbiotic legumes derive a large proportion of their N from N2 fixation, photosynthetic C yield is much enhanced. 相似文献
10.
《Plant Production Science》2013,16(3):184-189
AbstractCassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) can produce a high crop yield even in an environment with irregular rains. This is mainly attributed to its abilities to maintain leaf area under drought conditions and rapidly regrow after rain. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of leaf maintenance under water deficits through measurement of photosynthetic rate and water potential changes in leaves. The cassava plants were grown in pots and exposed to water deficits, and the diurnal changes in water potentials, rates of photosynthesis and transpiration and stomatal conductance were measured. The relationship between leaf water potential (ψW) and photosynthetic rate with decreasing soil water, and osmotic adjustment were also investigated. With respect to water supply in leaves, the movement of water in plants was measured using stem heat balance. Under water deficits, photosynthesis occurred only in the early morning. The water loss was reduced by stomatal closure in the mid-day. This was attributed to the complete closure of the stornata during the decrease in ψW to a range between –1.0 and –1.4 MPa. Furthermore, the firm stomatal closure is caused by the consistency of osmotic potential under decreases in soil water, i.e., to a lack of osmotic adjustment. Water stored in the pith parenchyma of stem flowed into leaves in the morning. From these results, we conclude that cassava can consistently maintain an adequate water level in leaves via water storage and the sensitivity of stornata to water deficits, thereby avoiding leaf dehydration. 相似文献
11.
大豆叶片蒸腾速率和气孔阻力初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
1986—1987年间,用LI-1600稳态气孔计测定大豆7个品种叶片蒸腾速率表明:大豆开花期叶片蒸腾速率高于结荚期。植株中上部节位叶片蒸腾速率较大。一日中蒸腾速率高峰值在14时,日进程呈单峰曲线。供试品种间蒸腾速率存在差异,尤其高产品种中午叶片蒸腾速率明显高于老品种。蒸腾速率与气孔阻力呈负相关,与光量子流密度、叶温呈正相关。 相似文献
12.
通过对陕茶1号（耐低温型）和金牡丹（低温敏感型）2个茶树品种在冬季自然低温胁迫下喷施不同浓度（0、10、30、50 mg·L-1）的外源5-氨基乙酰丙酸（5-aminolevulinic acid,ALA）,探究外源ALA对低温胁迫下茶树叶片光合荧光特性及生理特性的调控作用。结果表明,适宜浓度的外源ALA对低温胁迫下茶树叶片净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度、蒸腾速率、PSⅡ最大光化学效率及PSⅡ潜在活性具有促进作用,能够提高水浸出物、咖啡碱、游离氨基酸、儿茶素类物质、茶氨酸、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白等生理活性物质含量的累积;外源ALA能够提高低温胁迫下茶树光合作用的能力并改善茶叶品质,其中50 mg·L-1的ALA处理能有效提高陕茶1号应对低温胁迫的能力,10 mg·L-1和30 mg·L-1的外源ALA对金牡丹应对低温胁迫具有较好的缓解效用。 相似文献
13.
氮肥减施与接种根瘤菌对大豆光合与产量的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为揭示氮肥减施与接种不同根瘤菌对大豆光合作用及产量的影响,通过设置不同减氮量+接种根瘤菌处理,研究其对大豆净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、胞间CO_2浓度及大豆产量的影响。结果表明:在开花期, T1(1/2施氮+拌种NF)、T2(1/2施氮+土壤施用NF)、T3(1/2施氮+拌种DF)处理的净光合速率相对于CK分别提高了50.4%、30.1%、29.6%。所有处理较常规施肥(CK)的蒸腾速率、胞间CO_2浓度、气孔导度均有所上升,而大豆叶绿素含量较CK差异不显著,各处理的叶片干重较CK差异不显著,除T3处理外,各处理的茎干重较CK差异也不显著。进入结荚期后,T1、T2处理的胞间CO_2浓度较CK分别提高了34.3%、47.0%,各处理净光合速率较CK均下降,而蒸腾速率、气孔导度均高于CK,除T4、T5外,叶绿素含量较CK差异不显著。除T2处理外,各处理的叶干重均低于CK,茎与荚皮干重较CK差异不显著,籽粒干重在所有减1/2施氮量+接种根瘤菌处理中均显著高于CK。在鼓粒期,各处理的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、胞间CO_2浓度较CK差异不显著,气孔导度均高于CK,不施氮肥处理的叶绿素含量均显著低于CK。各处理的叶片干重均显著低于CK,但茎、荚皮干重与CK相比差异不显著,且籽粒干重有一定升高趋势,T3处理籽粒干重较CK提高了24.6%;在成熟期,1/2减氮+接种根瘤菌处理基本上均能提高大豆的产量及其构成因子,尤其是T3处理较CK产量提高9.75%。 相似文献
14.
旱后复水对不同玉米品种蒸腾效率的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
试验设3个控水水平、2个时段进行水分控制,研究旱后复水对两个玉米品种气孔阻力、蒸腾速率、光合速率、蒸腾效率的影响。结果表明,干旱后复水玉米表现很强的水分和光合生理活性,干旱后复水玉米气孔阻力大幅下降、蒸腾速率大幅上升、光合速率迅速提高,有些处理优于一直正常供水的处理;玉米旱后复水对气孔阻力、蒸腾速率的影响表现出品种间差异,酒单2号比豫玉22在气孔阻力、蒸腾速率上更容易恢复至旱前水平,光合速率提高的幅度很大;玉米蒸腾效率表现出品种间与处理方式间的差异,旱后复水豫玉22的蒸腾效率得到提高,酒单2号没有显著提高,旱后对水分增加敏感的品种有更高的生理活性,以较快的干物质增长速率和较高的水分利用效率补偿前期干旱的损失。因此,选择对水分增加敏感的玉米品种可以提高旱地水分利用效率,增加玉米产量。 相似文献
15.
种植方式对夏玉米光合特性与产量的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
试验选用当地主栽夏玉米品种郑单958,比较分析不同种植方式对夏玉米光合特性与产量的影响。结果表明,在相同种植密度(6.75万株/hm2)条件下,与对照常规等行距种植方式相比,三行靠、四行靠和五行靠种植方式光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Cond)、蒸腾速率(Tr)均有不同程度增加,处理间叶片SPAD值、光合速率差异未达到显著水平。四行靠种植方式气孔导度、蒸腾速率最高,等行距种植方式胞间CO2浓度(Ci)最高。子粒灌浆后期等行距种植方式SPAD值、灌浆速率下降速度最快。收获期三行靠、四行靠、五行靠种植方式子粒产量分别比等行距种植方式增加10.58%、6.54%、12.06%,但处理间差异未达到显著水平。 相似文献
16.
《Field Crops Research》1986,15(1):3-16
This study explores the effect of maize plant type on yields of bush and semi-climbing beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) planted at maize physiological maturity and describes how rainfall and pests determine the variants of this relay system used by farmers in Central America. It also investigates the possibility of avoiding end-of-season drought in bean relay crops by advancing their planting date relative to maize. Two trials to maize cultivars × bean planting data × bean cultivars in relay cropping were planted under experimental station conditions in Costa Rica. Two complementary trials were planted on farmers' fields in Nicaragua. There were no interactions of maize cultivar × bean cultivar, indicating that within the relay system, genetic improvement of maize and bush or semi-climbing beans may proceed separately, rather than simultaneously. When beans were planted at maize physiological maturity, differences in bean yield in relay with different maize cultivars were not significant. The mean advantage over sole cropping was 18%. When, however, beans were planted 20 days before maize physiological maturity, less-leafy maize cultivars depressed bean yield by 7%, while more-leafy cultivars depressed bean yield by 32%. Although the less-leafy maize cultivars used were earlier and yielded less, there was an economic advantage in using these, provided that the bean: maize price ratio was above 2.45. In order to plant beans before maize physiological maturity, attention should be paid to breeding less-leafy maize cultivars which are not earlier maturing and thus yield the same as present cultivars, while competing less with beans. 相似文献
17.
为明确峨眉问春、川茶2号、紫嫣等3个四川特色品种的光合性能和生产潜力,本研究以常绿品种福鼎大白茶和紫化品种紫娟为对照,考察了3个品种春夏梢叶片的光合指标、叶绿素荧光、光合色素含量以及芽叶性状。结果表明,川茶2号的春、夏季的叶片净光合速率（Pn）和水分利用率（WUE）较高;其ΦPSⅡ原初光能转化效率（Fv/Fm）和潜在活性（Fv/F0）最高,光化学猝灭系数（qP）、光系统ΦPSⅡ能量分配中光化学反应的相对份额（P）和反应中心耗散的相对份额（EX）及类胡萝卜素含量较高。峨眉问春的春季Pn和WUE最高;但夏季Pn较低,其ΦPSⅡ原初光能转化效率（Fv/Fm）和潜在活性（Fv/F0）最低,光合电子传递速率（ΦPSⅡ有效光化学效率Fv'/Fm'及ΦPSⅡ实际光合能力PhiPS2）最慢。紫嫣的春、夏季ΦPSⅡ有效光化学效率（Fv'/Fm'）最高,Pn及光合色素含量较高。与春季相比,各品种的夏季蒸腾速率（Tr）和气孔限制值（Ls）升高,而WUE和胞间二氧化碳浓度（Ci）降低。产量方面,川茶2号的产量显著高于其他品种,峨眉问春的产量与福鼎大白茶的差异不显著,紫嫣则显著低于福鼎大白茶（P<0.05）。可见,川茶2号的光合效率和水分利用效率较高,其产量最高;峨眉问春的春季光合能力和水分利用率较高,但夏季较低,其产量较高;紫嫣的光合色素及光合能力较高,但产量较低。 相似文献
18.
夏玉米叶片生理特性与生态因子间关系的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对防雨棚下测坑中种植的夏玉米设置不同的土壤水分控制下限,研究了不同的土壤水分状况及气象因子对夏玉米叶片生理特性的影响。结果表明,各生理指标受生态因子的影响有着明显的日变化特征,不同处理气孔导度(Gs)峰值出现的时间早于光合速率(Pn)和蒸腾速率(Tr),高水分下Tr峰值出现的时间滞后于Pn,随着土壤水分胁迫程度的增加,Gs、Tr、Pn的峰值有提前出现的趋势;不同土壤水分条件下细胞液浓度(CSC)的峰值及叶水势(LWP)的低谷均在14:00左右出现。土壤水分与Tr、Pn、Gs、LWP呈极显著正相关,而与CSC呈极显著负相关。此外,气象因素对夏玉米生理指标的影响程度会随着土壤水分状况而发生变化,生理指标与生态因子的逐步回归结果表明,土壤水分和光合有效辐射是影响夏玉米生理指标最主要的生态因子。 相似文献
19.
为筛选抗旱品种提供依据,本试验从14份红花品种中筛选出2个抗旱品种（PI401470和PI401477 ）和2个干旱敏感型品种（系）（PI560169和川红1号）,并以此4份品种（系）为材料,研究干旱胁迫对红花幼苗光合、渗透调节物质和抗氧化物保护酶等生理生化特性的影响。结果表明,干旱胁迫下,4个红花品种（系）叶片净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）、胞间CO2浓度（Ci）和蒸腾速率（Tr）均呈不同程度的下降趋势,且品种间差异显著（P﹤0.05）;抗旱红花品（系）的各光合特性指标降幅均低于敏感型红花品种（系）。干旱胁迫条件下,渗透调节物质可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质、脯氨酸含量均上升,保护性酶SOD、POD和CAT活性也均呈升高趋势,且抗旱型红花品种（系）的增长率高于敏感型品种（系）;抗旱型品种（系）MDA含量增长率低于敏感型品种。对11项指标进行主成分分析,提取了2个主成分,以净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2 浓度、蒸腾速率、SOD活性和CAT活性为第一主成分,以可溶性蛋白质和脯氨酸为第二主成分的抗旱性鉴定指标,累计贡献率达89.50％。 相似文献
20.
新老大豆品种叶片光合特性的比较 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
为了了解大豆品种叶片光合特性与产量的关系，我们对跨越70多年的4个老大豆[Glycine max(L.)Merr.]品种和4个新大豆品种的光合特性和产量进行了研究。研究结果表明：新品种产量比老品种提高了91%，新品种叶片净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率、水分利用效率、叶绿素含量和比叶重也不同程度高于老品种，其中以净光合速率增加最多(17.3%)，而胞间CO2浓度却低于老品种。在盛花期和盛荚期，新老大豆品种叶片净光合速率与产量呈显著正相关（P﹤0.05），而其它光合特性指标与产量的相关性不稳定。 相似文献