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不同化控组合对大豆生育及产量的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用自行研制的大豆化控种衣剂和化控叶喷剂，在大豆播种时进行化控种衣剂处理的基础上，分别进行花期、鼓粒期及花期 鼓粒期叶喷处理，研究了化控调节对大豆生育及产量的影响，结果表明：生育前期化控植株明显矮化，茎粗和根冠比增加，尤其对根冠比作用明显，平均比对照增加3l％；中后期喷施化控剂有利光合作用的提高，加快蒸腾速率，并对大豆体内水分代谢具有一定的调节作用，最终增加结荚数、荚粒数和粒重，起到保花保荚作用。不同化控组合增产幅度差异较大，以种衣剂 花期叶喷 鼓粒期叶喷全程化控增产幅度最高，比对照增产23．0％。其次为种衣剂 鼓粒期叶喷处理，比照增产20．1％，而种衣剂 花期叶喷处理和种衣剂单独处理，比对照增产分别增产12．7％和10．2％。 相似文献
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Seed growth of three perennial ryegrass cultivars sown on two dates and treated with trinexapac ethyl straw shortener 
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下载免费PDF全文 First‐year crops of diploid perennial ryegrass (cvs. Meridian, Bronsyn and Grasslands Impact) were sown on 1 April and 14 May 2008. Applications of trinexapac ethyl (TE) plant growth regulator at 0, 200 and 400 g a.i. ha?1 were used to shorten stems to examine the impact of seed growth. Seed filling followed a consistent sigmoidal growth pattern with a lag phase of 127°C days, and linear duration of 390°C days. Time to 95% of final seed weight was 517°C days. Seed yield increases from TE were from higher numbers of first‐grade seeds m?2, achieved by a higher rate of seed filling during the linear phase of 0·115 mg per °C day per spike. For all cultivars, the maximum stem dry weight occurred at 310–400°C days post‐anthesis, which suggest the stem was a strong sink. As seeds developed, their demand for assimilate increased and they drew more from the stem. At harvest, stem weights from TE treatments were 25% heavier than at anthesis, while untreated ‘Bronsyn’ and ‘Grasslands Impact’ stems were similar to those at anthesis. Thus, stems treated with TE contributed assimilates to increase seed yield but were still a net sink with assimilates in the stem at harvest. Trinexapac ethyl rate induced an inverse relationship between seed yield and stem height. This showed that competition for assimilate between stems and growing seeds limited the seed yield. Management or genetic factors that reduce stem height are likely to increase seed yields of perennial ryegrass. 相似文献
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大豆低温冷害试验研究报告 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本试验于1985—1986年,用盆栽,在大豆不同生育时期以人工控制温度的方法进行低温处理。试验结果指出:低温处理使大豆植株生长缓慢,生育时期延迟,产量下降。低温处理的温度越低,处理的时间越长影响越重。大豆花芽分化期是大豆生理上的低温冷害关键期。该阶段对低温处理最敏感,产量大幅度下降,主要是荚数和粒数减少,空秕荚多,百粒重轻等综合因素所致。低温处理使大豆花荚败育。雌蕊遭受冷害也会阻碍结荚。低温处理大豆还使子粒加重病害。因此,必须注意防御低温冷害,才能确保大豆高产稳产质佳。 相似文献
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夏大豆淮豆4号高产栽培的生理基础 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
采用混杂设计研究淮豆４号在播期、密度、施肥三因素不同水平下,产量结构,叶面积系数天及干物质积累分配情况,探索出２００ｋｇ／亩以上高产栽培的合理生理指标：叶面积指数分枝期（Ｖ８）２．０～２．１在开花盛期达到提高４．１－５．０,然后缓慢下降,并维持在３．５－４．２之间,干物质积累与分配应是源多库足,分枝２．８－３．５个,单株结英３０个左右,每英粒数从２．２为宜,百粒重２２ｇ以上,相应栽培模式是：６月上 相似文献
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The response of vegetative soybean (Glycine max) to Helicoverpa armigera feeding was studied in irrigated field cages over three years in eastern Australia to determine the relationship between larval density and yield loss, and to develop economic injury levels. Rather than using artificial defoliation techniques, plants were infested with either eggs or larvae of H. armigera, and larvae allowed to feed until death or pupation. Larvae were counted and sized regularly and infestation intensity was calculated in Helicoverpa injury equivalent (HIE) units, where 1 HIE was the consumption of one larva from the start of the infestation period to pupation. In the two experiments where yield loss occurred, the upper threshold for zero yield loss was 7.51 ± 0.21 HIEs and 6.43 ± 1.08 HIEs respectively. In the third experiment, infestation intensity was lower and no loss of seed yield was detected up to 7.0 HIEs. The rate of yield loss/HIE beyond the zero yield loss threshold varied between Experiments 1 and 2 (−9.44 ± 0.80 g and −23.17 ± 3.18 g, respectively). H. armigera infestation also affected plant height and various yield components (including pod and seed numbers and seeds/pod) but did not affect seed size in any experiment. Leaf area loss of plants averaged 841 and 1025 cm2/larva in the two experiments compared to 214 and 302 cm2/larva for cohort larvae feeding on detached leaves at the same time, making clear that artificial defoliation techniques are unsuitable for determining H. armigera economic injury levels on vegetative soybean. Analysis of canopy leaf area and pod profiles indicated that leaf and pod loss occurred from the top of the plant downwards. However, there was an increase in pod numbers closer to the ground at higher pest densities as the plant attempted to compensate for damage. Defoliation at the damage threshold was 18.6 and 28.0% in Experiments 1 and 2, indicating that yield loss from H. armigera feeding occurred at much lower levels of defoliation than previously indicated by artificial defoliation studies. Based on these results, the economic injury level for H. armigera on vegetative soybean is approximately 7.3 HIEs/row-metre in 91 cm rows or 8.0 HIEs/m2. 相似文献
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生殖生长期源库改变对大豆籽粒产量和品质的影响 总被引：12，自引：5，他引：12
利用蛋白质，脂肪含量不同的两个大豆品种，在Ｒ１和Ｒ５期，通过去叶或去英，研究源库改变对大豆籽粒产量和品质的影响，结果表明，Ｒ１期和Ｒ５期去叶１／３对产量和品质影响不大；然而，Ｒ１期全去叶，减少了单株英数，产量降低，但对品质影响不明显；Ｒ５期全去叶，降低了每英粒数和百粒重，有利于蛋白质积累，而不利于脂肪积累，产量降低，Ｒ５期去英１／３增加了单英粒数和百粒重，产量略有提高，脂肪积累增多，蛋白质含量降低 相似文献
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增加光照及其与改变源库互作对大豆产量构成因素的影响 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
生殖生长期间的光照强度是决定大豆产量的关键环境因素.在美国麻省和中国黑龙江两地,通过在不同时期,对不同密度的大豆群体进行增加光照和改变源库处理,研究了两地产量及产量构成因素对增加光照光变化的反应.结果表明,不同时期增加光照光处理的增产效果不同,开花初期和结荚初期增加光照最为明显,花期增加光照增加单株荚粒数,而结荚初期增加光照增加百粒重.鼓粒期增加光照处理,百粒重不同品种在不同密度条件下增产不显著,说明鼓粒期后的光照条件对大豆产量及百粒重的调节有限.在不同的光照条件下,源库在产量形成中的作用不同.在自然光照条件下,剪叶处理产量下降幅度较去荚大,即源在产量形成中更加重要些,而在花期的增加光照处理条件下,库也成为影响产量的重要因子,可见,光照条件在源库关系中起着显著的协调作用. 相似文献
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《Plant Production Science》2013,16(2):209-217
AbstractThe growth and seed yields of 2 Japanese and 3 Chinese cultivars of soybeans cultivated in 2002-2005 using a drip irrigation system in the arid area of Xinjiang, China, were analyzed with respect to growth parameters and air temperature. Seed yield was very high in 2002, 2003 and 2004, but relatively low in 2005. The variation among years in seed yield clearly depended on pod number. The mean leaf area index (LAI) and crop growth rate (CGR) in 2005 was lower than those in the other 3 years. CGR showed significant positive correlations with mean LAI at the early growing stages, and with net assimilation rate (NAR) at the later growing stages. The increasing rate of pod number (IRP) was positively correlated with the mean LAI and CGR at the pod setting period, suggesting that an adequate supply of photosynthates would be required for pod setting. It was concluded that excellent growth in the years with high yields was supported by the large LAI before the pod setting periods and by high NAR and vigorous pod growth at the latter half of the growing season. 相似文献
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《Field Crops Research》1998,59(2):121-127
Oilseed rape seedlings (Brassica napus L.) treated with uniconazole were transplanted at the five-leaf stage into specially designed experimental containers, and then exposed to waterlogging for 3 weeks. Pre-treatment of rape seedlings with uniconazole significantly increased seedling height, shoot width, number of green leaves and leaf area per plant, and consequently the shoot, root, and total dry weight after waterlogging. Following waterlogging stress, the uniconazole treated plants had a significantly improved growth including plant height, length and width of leaves, number of green leaves, leaf area per plant, and canopy width at the stem elongation stage, and plant height, stem width, and root, shoot and total dry weight at the flowering stage. At harvest, uniconazole treatment increased the number of primary and secondary branches, seeds per pod, and number of effective pods in branches and in terminal raceme after waterlogging treatment. The uniconazole-induced increase in the number of pods per plant and number of seeds per pod were the two yield components responsible for the significantly greater seed and oil yields obtained from the uniconazole plus waterlogging treated plants, over either the control or waterlogged plants. Uniconazole also reduced waterlogging-induced rise in the erucic acid content of the seeds. The modification of GA3, zeatin, ABA and ethylene levels due to pre-treatment of rape seedlings with uniconazole might have helped to delay the chlorosis and senescence induced by waterlogging. Uniconazole treatment also increased the leaf photosynthetic rates of waterlogged plants, in part, due to the changes in leaf conductance and hormone levels which ultimately affected various physiological processes. 相似文献
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经田间试验,对不同产量水平大豆的生育动态进行比较,结果表明:黄淮流域夏播大豆,以选用生育期近100天,株形紧凑的中秆或矮秆品种,适当提高密度,较易获得200kg/亩以上的稳定高产。其株高、单株干重与叶面积增长积累动态,呈苗期较慢,花荚期开始转快,鼓粒期减缓的“S”形曲线,各转折点变化较小,曲线较平滑有利于高产。200kg/亩以上大豆的生物产量与粒/茎较高,在提高单株荚、粒数的基础上,百粒重对产量的贡献程度相对加强,较高的叶面积系数与干物质积累,尤其是鼓粒期间保持较高的光合势与群体干物质增长量,是取得200kg/亩以上产量的必要条件。 相似文献
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《Plant Production Science》2013,16(4):460-467
AbstractDelayed stem senescence (DSS) after pod maturation in soybean (Glycine max) lowers the quality of products in the mechanized harvest. The effects of drought and excess wet soil conditions on the occurrence of DSS were studied with special reference to remobilization of vegetative nitrogen and supply of cytokinin via xylem. Excess wet soil treatment was applied throughout the reproductive period to field-grown soybean in 2003 (Exp.1) and short-term drought stress treatment was applied during the reproductive period to pot-grown soybean plants in 2004 (Exp.2). The degree of DSS at pod maturing was evaluated by the DSS score from “1” for severe DSS to “5” for completely synchronous senescence of pods and vegetative parts. The DSS score in Exp.1 varied from 2.2 to 2.5 and that in Exp.2 from 2.8 to 3.7. Excess wet soil treatment in Exp.1 promoted the occurrence of DSS, while drought stress treatments during the periods of flowering to pod elongation, later seed-filling and seed maturing decreased it. The soybean plants that showed distinct DSS had lower ratios of seed number to vegetative dry weight at seed maturity and a lower rate of nitrogen remobilization from vegetative organs to seeds during the latter half of the reproductive period. The trans-zeatin riboside (t-ZR) level in xylem exudate tended to be higher in soybeans with severer DSS than in those normally matured in both experiments showing increased t-ZR concentration and/or higher exudation rate. These results suggest that DSS can be caused by a wet soil water condition, which lowers pod/seed number and increases vegetative organs mediated by the increased supply of cytokinin through xylem during seed-filling. 相似文献
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《Field Crops Research》2002,78(1):65-74
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is widely grown as a forage crop due to its good quality characteristics and high adaptability. However, seed yield is generally considered to be of secondary importance and is characterized by fluctuating yields with often poor seed quality. A field experiment using five alfalfa cultivars (Equipe, Iside, Lodi, Robot, Romagnola) was carried out in 1995, 1996 and 1997 at Foggia (southern Italy) to evaluate the effects of four defoliation practices (H1: crop mown during early plant growth; H2: plant desiccation by chemical agent at the end of February; H3: crop mown at early flowering; H4: never cut) and two irrigation treatments (I: irrigation applied from April to beginning of seed filling; NI: non-irrigated control) on seed yield, seed yield components and seed quality (as determined by seed germination with and without accelerated ageing (AA)). The relationships between yield components (stems per m2, pods per stem, seeds per pod, 1000-seed weight) were determined by path-coefficient analysis. Irrigation significantly increased seed yield; on average doubling the control yield over the three seasons. However, the potential seed yield (calculated from seed yield components) was, on average, five times the actual seed yield. The two mowing treatments produced consistently higher seed yields than either desiccated or untreated swards. Cultivar differences were evident for seed yield, with Equipe having the highest value (40% higher than the mean of the other cultivars). Irrigation improved the yield primarily because it led on average a greater than four fold increase in the density of stems (the most influential yield component). By contrast, seeds per pod and 1000-seed weight increased in the absence of irrigation. Defoliation treatments had little effect on stems per m2, seeds per pod and seed weight, whereas pods per stem were reduced by desiccation. Path analyses calculated across irrigation treatments and years revealed that stems per m2 had the largest positive direct effect on alfalfa seed yield under each harvest management (path-coefficient values ≥0.89), and its indirect effects on seed yield via other traits were negligible. Seed quality, as measured by germination percentage both before and after AA, remained relatively consistent across both defoliation and irrigation treatments and cultivars, but was anomalously low in the 1997 irrigated crops. Overall, the highest seed yields were obtained under irrigated conditions when crops were mown during early growth or at early flowering. The potential seed yield of alfalfa varieties is sufficient to guarantee a profitable seed harvest. However, the harvest efficiency of the combine-harvester was low (20% of the potential seed yield); thus, more appropriate harvest techniques should be used. 相似文献
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SHK-6对不同群体下大豆花荚脱落及其产量的调控 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
以"冀豆12"为材料,在大田条件下通过在初花期对不同群体大豆施用SHK-6,研究了植物生长调节剂SHK-6对不同群体条件下大豆产量及其构成因素的调控作用.结果表明:SHK-6能够明显的提高各个群体下的大豆产量(8.0%),在密度水平为30株/m2的条件下施用SHK-6产量达到最高.调节剂SHK一6能够提高单株花数(13.0%)、荚数(14.8%)、粒数(10.9%)、荚重(16.4%)、粒重(12.3%),并且能够提高百粒重(2.4%)、粒茎比(15.0%).虽然SHK-6处理也增加不同密度水平下的花荚脱落数,但对脱落率没有影响.SHK-6能够降低叶面积指数(LAI)、提高下层叶片的光截获率(群体透光率)和下层叶片的叶绿素的含量.可见冠层结构的优化是导致产量提高的根本原因. 相似文献
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本文分析了10个特用大豆品种的几个生理性状与小区籽粒产量的相关性。结果表明:鼓粒初期叶绿素a、(a+b)含量与小区籽粒产量有显著的正相关,相关系数分别为0.7109、0.6799;光合速率、叶氮(％)、比叶重与小区籽粒产量的相关系数均不显著。通径分析表明:苗期和鼓粒初期的比叶重对小区籽粒产量有较大的负效应,开花期和鼓粒末期的比叶重对小区籽粒产量有较大的正效应。从24个因子中经逐步回归筛选得到一个含有6因子的回归模型:Y=4.0311+0.1625x_4+0.5569x_5-273.1188x_9-278.8875x_(10)+274.7645x_(11)-0.7925x_(10)用此模型模拟小区籽粒产量可靠性较好。 相似文献
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于始花后的不同天数给植株叶片喷施营养液（Ｎ，Ｐ，Ｋ，Ｃａ，Ｂ，Ｍ。等），并给植株中下部果针施用植物生长调节剂（１０ｐｐｍ６—ＢＡ和５ｐｐｍＧＡ３），结果表明，营养液和生长调节剂同时使用，能显著提高叶片的光合速率，促进和吸引植株中光合产物向荚果中运输和积累，使单株荚果数增加，特别是高节位的荚果数增加；同时使饱果率、百果重提高，花生平均增产８．６％—２０％。 相似文献
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为探究放线菌剂使用方法对晚播冬小麦生长及光合性状的影响，以长6990为供试小麦品种、娄彻氏链霉菌（D74）为供试菌剂，在大田设置T1（种子包衣+拔节期、灌浆期喷施D74菌剂）、T2（种子包衣+拔节期喷施D74菌剂，灌浆期喷施清水）、T3（种子包衣+拔节期、灌浆期喷施清水）、T4（种子不包衣+拔节期、灌浆期喷施D74菌剂）和CK（种子不包衣+拔节期、灌浆期喷施清水）5个处理（包衣中含有菌剂D74），比较分析了不同处理间小麦产量及其构成要素、表型性状、光合特性及干物质积累的差异。结果表明，放线菌剂处理下晚播小麦的产量较CK均不同程度提高，增产幅度为7.35%~25.00%，且不同处理的产量表现为T4>T1>T2>T3>CK，其中T1、T4处理与CK差异显著(P＜0.05)；不同处理间株高无显著差异(P>0.05)， T1和T4处理的穗长、穗粒数和千粒重显著高于CK，T2处理穗粒数和千粒重也较高。在光合性状中，放线菌剂处理主要影响晚播小麦灌浆后期的光合效率。花后28~35 d，T1、T4处理的旗叶净光合速率，T1~T4处理的旗叶叶绿素相对含量（SPAD）和氮含量，T1、T2和T4处理的叶面积指数均显著高于CK。放线菌剂使用后晚播小麦的花前干物质转运量及其对籽粒产量贡献率有所降低，但不同处理间差异不显著。T1、T2和T4处理的花后干物质的积累量较CK增加了37.93%、29.42%和50.92%；花后干物质积累对籽粒产量贡献率也有所提高，但不同处理间差异不显著。综合来看，放线菌剂能够有效增加晚播小麦的光合持续能力，延缓叶片衰老，促进花后干物质积累、穗部发育和籽粒灌浆，增加穗粒数和千粒重，进而提高产量，其中放线菌剂种子包衣效果不明显，叶面喷施放线菌剂效果较突出，拔节期和灌浆期叶面喷施放线菌剂的效果最佳。 相似文献
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Two hundred groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) germplasm accessions and 21 cultivars belonging to the Spanish group (ssp. fastigiata var. vulgaris) were screened for pod loss due to sprouting of seed in the field. Some cultivars were also tested for germination of the fresh-seed with or without testa and treated or untreated with ethrel or abscisic acid (ABA). Large variation in pod loss due to in situ sprouting of seed, and fresh-seed dormancy (FSD) was found among the accessions and cultivars. Fresh-seed dormancy index (FSDI) varied from 2% in Chico to 88% in ICGS 44 (the check with high FSD). Cultivars with an FSDI value of less than 10% showed more pod loss in situ than the cultivars with high FSDI. Thus pod loss due to in situ sprouting increased with a decrease in FSDI. Cultivar SB XI did not show any in situ sprouting or pod loss. A direct relationship (r, 0.86**) existed between fresh-seed germination of accession/cultivar in the laboratory and the percentage of its plants with sprouted seed in the field. Seed of two Spanish cultivars ICGS 11 (dormant) and GG 2 (non-dormant) when tested for germination after treatment with ethrel or ABA at various seed development stages showed different germination response to these chemicals. Seed of GG 2 showed up to 40% germination even at an early stage (S1) of seed development, whereas the seed of ICGS 11 responded to the ethrel only at maturity (S4). Regulation of FSD appeared to be more under the control of the testa than the cotyledons. The variation in the degree of in situ sprouting can be used for breeding Spanish cultivars with various desirable levels of FSD. 相似文献