共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
《Plant Production Science》2013,16(2):119-125
AbstractThree pot experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of soil amendment with crab shell on (1) soybean (Glycine max Merr., cv. Akishirome) yield after 120 days outdoors, (2) soybean nodulation after 6 weeks in the greenhouse, and (3) soil chemical properties after 10 weeks in the greenhouse. The experimental treatments were addition of crab shell at rates of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5, and 1% (w/w), standard fertilizer (NPK) treatment, and an untreated control with neither crab shell nor fertilizer application. The crab shell amendment treatment was applied either two months before seeding (incubated) or immediately before seeding (non-incubated). The soil used was a volcanic ash soil (Andosol) from Kakamigahara. Addition of crab shell just before seeding caused a significant increase in seed yield and 100-seed weight compared to the control, but similar yield to NPK treatment. However, seed yield and 100-seed weight did not differ with the crab shell application rate. Amendment by 0.1–0.3% crab shell without incubation lead to the formation of slightly more nodules than in the NPK and control treatments. Reduced numbers of nodules were observed in soil incubated at 0.5–1%, and in non-incubated soil with 1% crab shell application. Nodule fresh weight and N2-fixation plant?1 were decreased in all incubation treatments and 0.3-1% non-incubation treatments as compared to the NPK treatment and the control. Both nodule fresh weight and N2 fixation were lower in incubated soils than in non-incubated soils, at corresponding rates of crab shell treatment. Dry matter production of soybean plants in soil given the crab shell treatment, especially when incubation was used, was found to be reduced after 6 weeks of plant growth. EC, N, and P availability increased with the increasing rate of crab shell treatment. However, there was a gradual decrease of soil pH following the crab shell treatment. In conclusion, although soybean nodulation and N2 fixation were not improved by crab shell application, seed yields were similar to those obtained with the NPK fertilizer. 相似文献
2.
采用盆栽方法研究了不同肥力心土层及不同施磷量对大豆生长特性和产量的影响。结果表明:随着心土层肥力和施磷量的增加,株高和叶绿素显著增加;干物质积累量不同肥力间无规律性变化,磷肥施用量120 kg·hm~(-2)的高肥力心土干物质积累量最高,为116.68 g·盆~(-1),中肥力心土施磷肥量180 kg·hm~(-2)的干物质积累量较高,为107.60g·盆~(-1),低肥力施用磷肥240 kg·hm~(-2)干物质积累量为103.76 g·盆~(-1),心土肥力水平与施肥量达到一定关系有利于干物质积累,处理间差异显著;不同肥力心土层大豆垂直根长差异显著,依次为高中低肥力处理,根干重、根瘤个数和根瘤干重均与不同肥力心土层和施肥量呈正相关;不同肥力心土大豆产量差异显著,高肥力心土施用120 kg·hm~(-2)磷肥大豆产量最高,达到318 g·盆~(-1);中等肥力施用180 kg·hm-2磷肥产量次之,为299.8g·盆~(-1);低等肥力施用240kg·hm~(-2)磷肥居第三,为283.5 g·盆~(-1);不同肥力心土施用适量肥料才能达到最佳效果。 相似文献
3.
Koji Yamane 《Plant Production Science》2016,19(3):438-448
Waterlogging is the constraint for soybean growth and yield, because soybean is often cultivated in upland fields converted from paddy in Japan. However, efficient cultivation techniques for alleviating the adverse effects have not been developed. We have proposed the new soybean cultivation technique named crack fertilization which enables yield increase due to enhancing new root growth and N acquisition by increasing nodulation. Waterlogging induces N deficiency due to the suppression of nutrient uptake by the inhibition of root growth and nodule activity. Thus, it is hypothesized that crack fertilization would be effective to alleviate the inhibition of soybean growth and yield. The soybean cultivar of Sachiyutaka was planted in 1/5000 a Wagner pots and root boxes. Two separate waterlogging treatments were imposed to soybean plants at different growth stages, V1 and R4, and crack fertilization was done at V3. After these treatments, soybean plants were sampled at R5 in 2012 and 2013 experiments, respectively. Waterlogging at V1 and R4 inhibited the growth and yield of soybean and nodule growth, and the decreases in physiological parameters of soybean such as photosynthesis, chlorophyll content, and xylem sap exudation rate were observed. The adverse effects of waterlogging at V1 were alleviated by crack fertilization at V3, whereas crack fertilization could not alleviate the adverse effects of waterlogging at R4. Thus, crack fertilization after waterlogging at early vegetative stage would be the cultivation technique that enables to alleviate the adverse effects. 相似文献
4.
根瘤菌和复合促生菌对大豆结瘤和生长的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了研究不同根瘤菌和复合促生菌单独使用及复合后对大豆结瘤和生长的影响。采用大豆单独接种2种快生大豆根瘤菌、2种慢生大豆根瘤菌及根瘤菌分别与复合促生菌交叉接种,再种植的方法,观察大豆结瘤与生长情况。结果表明:(1)大豆结荚初期大豆快生和慢生根瘤菌处理的大豆地上部鲜重、地下部鲜重、结荚数、豆荚鲜重等生物学性状显著优于其它处理;快生根瘤菌处理的大豆结瘤率显著高于其它处理,慢生根瘤菌处理的总根瘤数和根瘤重量显著高于其它处理;(2)大豆结荚后期,对照处理的地上部鲜重、根鲜重显著高于其它处理,慢生根瘤菌和复合促生菌处理的根瘤数显著高于其它处理,快生根瘤菌剂处理的大豆粗蛋白含量显著高于其它处理,而复合促生菌处理的大豆产量显著高于其它处理。虽然快生根瘤菌两处理有利于地上部、地下部、有效根瘤数、土壤碱解氮的提升,但复合促生菌处理的大豆产量、土壤速效磷和土壤有效钾都显著高于其它处理,因此表明复合促生菌处理能增加大豆产量。 相似文献
5.
《Plant Production Science》2013,16(3):368-376
Two separate experiments (pot and field) were conducted to examine the response of soybean to Bradyrhizobium japonicum and phosphorus (P) fertilization. Different treatments were i) Rhizobium strains (0, S377, S379, and the mixture of S377 + S379 i.e. S0, S1, S2, S3); ii) phosphorus (field only, 0, 50, 100 kg ha-1i.e. T0, T1, T2) and iii) two soils (pot only) i.e. autoclaved (A1) and non-autoclaved (A0). A soybean cultivar NARC-1 was tested for estimating growth traits, nodule number and mass, root development and yield traits. In the pot experiment, total number of nodules both in the A0 and A1 were negligible but increased significantly following the application of Bradyrhizobium japonicum. In the field experiment, number of nodules increased from 6 in the control treatment without strains to a maximum of 86 in S3T1. Shoot dry weight increased significantly from 11.8 g plant-1 in the control soil to 15.6 g plant-1 in S3T1. Root length was increased but root mass was unaffected. Soybean seed yields ranged between 615 and 1003 kg ha-1 against 543 kg ha-1 in the control soil indicating a maximum of 85% increase over control. Shoot dry weight and seed yield had significant correlation with nodulation (R2 = 0.91). The results of experiments revealed significant positive effects of rhizobium inoculation and P fertilization on growth, nodulation and yield of soybean and, generally, mixture of strains (S3) was more effective than the strains S1 and S2. Results also indicated that high application of P (100 kg P2O5 ha-1) reduced the efficiency of inoculants for nodule mass and seed yield. 相似文献
6.
7.
花生、大豆是我国重要的油料和经济作物,因易受黄曲霉毒素污染,严重威胁食品安全,制约产业发展,因此,黄曲霉毒素防控一直是国内外研究的热点难题。本团队首次提出将黄曲霉毒素绿色阻控与促进根瘤固氮耦合的研究思路,研发了生物菌剂ARC-BBBE,本文报道生物菌剂ARC-BBBE对黄曲霉毒素及其产毒菌阻控的大田应用效果,调查其对花生生物学性状及经济性状的影响,探索ARC-BBBE对花生、大豆根系结瘤及根瘤固氮的影响,为从田间源头阻控黄曲霉毒素及促进根瘤固氮、实现减肥减药提供理论依据和科学指导。连续2年在我国花生主产省开展田间防控试验,将绿色阻控生物菌剂ARC-BBBE于花生播种期以30 kg/hm2用量与基肥一起撒施于土壤中。同时开展室内花生、大豆盆栽试验。使用涂布法调查土壤中黄曲霉毒素产毒菌丰度,使用高效液相色谱法检测花生样品中黄曲霉毒素,使用乙炔还原法测定根瘤固氮活性,采用5点取样法调查统计根瘤数、根瘤重。结果表明,应用ARC-BBBE显著降低了土壤中黄曲霉毒素产毒菌的丰度（平均降低66.5%）和花生中黄曲霉毒素的含量（平均降低83.5%）。应用ARC-BBBE后,花生根系普遍出现超级结瘤现象,实验验证表明其根瘤具有固氮活性,平均结瘤数增加10倍以上（土壤贫瘠地区50倍以上）,瘤重增加8.8倍,每克根瘤固氮酶活性提高5倍以上。饱果率、产量均明显提高,叶色浓绿。花生室内盆栽结果表明,ARC-BBBE处理组根系结瘤数是对照组的2.2倍,固氮酶活性是对照组的4倍,叶绿素含量较对照组增加21.3%。大豆室内盆栽苗期实验结果表明,ARC-BBBE同样可诱发大豆结瘤及固氮效应：播种后第26天,处理组瘤数增加13.5倍、瘤重增加19.8倍;而且处理组有固氮活性,而对照组无固氮活性;苗期处理组的根长、根重、鲜重、叶绿素等生物学指标显著提升。ARC-BBBE对花生黄曲霉毒素及其产毒菌污染阻控效果极为明显,既可从生产源头有效阻控花生黄曲霉毒素产毒菌,降低黄曲霉毒素污染风险,同时大幅增加了花生根瘤数量和固氮酶活性,具有显著的促生长、增产量、控病害、保安全作用,具有显著的经济、社会、生态效益。对未来减施农药、化肥,保护农田生态,推动花生、大豆产业高质量绿色发展具有重要意义,在花生、大豆等豆科作物生产中应用前景广阔。 相似文献
8.
大豆不同生长阶段施用氮肥对生长,结瘤及产量的影响 总被引：20，自引：6，他引：20
以两种不同基因型的大豆品种为试材，研究不同阶段施用氮肥对大豆结瘤、生长及产量的影响。每公顷仅施２５ｋｇ的启动氮，两个大豆品种虽获得较高的根瘤干重，但仅靠其自身固氮功能，不能满足大豆生长及丰产的要求。在大豆开花期（Ｒ１）或种子形成始期（Ｒ５），每公顷再追施５０ｋｇ氮肥，两个大豆品种都获得了最高的干物质重和产量。在播种前或开花前期，施用过多的氮肥，严重抑制了两个大豆品种根瘤的生长，降低了其自身的生物固 相似文献
9.
快生型大豆根瘤菌G113是从吉林省、公主岭黑土上生长的野生大豆G3的根瘤中分离获得。野生大豆G3在有快慢生型大豆根瘤菌同时存在时,选择G113和其共生。G113菌株和吉林20大豆共生优于轻碱土中的土著大豆根瘤菌。因此在轻碱土上、吉林20大豆接种G113菌株有增产趋势。 相似文献
10.
不同大豆品种田间结瘤固氮有效性的评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用相关和通径分析对田间种植的４０份大豆品种（系）的结瘤固氮性状（结瘤分级，有效瘤数，有效瘤干重，有效结瘤指数，植株干重和植株全氮含量）的研究表明：有效瘤数，有效瘤重和有效结瘤指数可以有效地作为对大豆固氮种质的评价指标，其相对重要性为有效瘤重＞有效瘤数＞有效结瘤指数。在此基础上并结合籽粒产量因子筛选出２份结瘤固氮及产量较高的种质。研究同时也获得了七份在有效瘤重与有效瘤数或有效瘤重与效结瘤指数上表现 相似文献
11.
Permanent pastures on acid soils in the northeastern USA produce far below their potential due to lack of legumes in the swards. This experiment was done to study the effects of lime-pelleted white clover seed and fertilizer combinations (B, Cu, K, Mg, Mo, P, S and Zn) on clover nodulation and growth in four acid (pH 4.3–4.9), Vermont permanent-pasture soils in the greenhouse. Potassium was applied in all treatments. Lime pelleting and Mg and P fertilization increased both proportion of plants nodulated and seedling weight. Lime pelleting resulted in the largest increase in nodulation but P application produced the greatest gain in seedling weight. Molybdenum interacted with P to enhance seedling nodulation more than either element applied alone. Phosphorus also interacted with Mg to increase seedling weight more than either one applied alone. Sulphur had no influence on seedling nodulation or yield. Applications of B, Cu and Zn depressed nodulation and yield, possibly because excessively high levels were applied. Using lime-pelleted seed and a fertilizer combination of K. Mg. Mo and P could improve white clover establishment and growth on permanent-pasture soils in the northeast. 相似文献
12.
不同施氮量及施氮方式对大豆根瘤生长及产量的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以宁夏地区主推品种中黄30为主要研究对象,采用再裂区试验设计,通过接种高效根瘤菌,探讨根瘤菌、施氮量和施氮方式对大豆根瘤干重、根瘤数量以及大豆产量的影响。结果表明:施氮量显著影响大豆结瘤和大豆产量;各处理随着每次施氮量的增加,根瘤干重和根瘤数量的变化趋势均为先增加后下降;产量表现为分次施氮各处理产量一次性施氮各处理产量不施氮(B1)产量;接种根瘤菌处理较不接种根瘤菌处理的根瘤数量及大豆产量显著增加;是否接种根瘤菌与施氮量互作、施氮量与施氮方式互作以及是否接种根瘤菌、施氮量和施氮方式互作对大豆产量均产生极显著影响,中黄30产量最佳组合是A2B3C2(接种根瘤菌、施氮量在75 kg·hm~(-2)且分次施氮)的前提下,产量最高,达到6 020.37 kg·hm~(-2),较不施氮增产8.36%。 相似文献
13.
14.
为进一步阐明野生大豆根际促生菌(PGPR)的生物学活性作用,分别采用滤纸片法、水培、沙培或盆栽的方法,测定植物幼苗的生长量(株高、根长、地上部分和地下部分干重)、叶绿素的含量及大豆的结瘤情况。探究2株PGPR(DB17、DB58)的生防作用及对水稻、大豆幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:DB17对6种植物病原真菌具有抑菌活性,其中对甜瓜枯萎菌的抑菌率可达37.10%;2株野生大豆PGPR菌株对水稻幼苗有显著的促生长作用,可使幼苗总叶绿素含量提高29%~79%;2株野生大豆PGPR菌株可以提高大豆根瘤质量;DB58和混菌(DB17+DB58)可显著促进大豆幼苗的生长。 相似文献
15.
A. S. LAIDLAW 《Grass and Forage Science》1985,40(4):493-497
Nitrogenous fertilizer was applied to autumn-sown swards (soil N MAFF index 1) containing perennial ryegrass (cv. Cropper) and white clover (v. Huia) either at sowing or when nodulation was underway (38 days after sowing) at 0, 30, 60 or 120 kg N ha−1 . Each treatment received 0, 45 or 90 kg ha−1 the following spring.
Nitrogen at sowing or nodulation had no effect on net rate of growth of clover plants but increased the mean number of initiated stolons per plant (mean of 17% more than unfertilized controls in late autumn) and decreased the rate of N2 fixation until late in autumn. Seed-bed N had a greater reducing effect on N2 fixation than N applied at nodulation. Nitrogen at sowing also reduced the nodule number per plant.
Response of DM to N was not significant at the establishment harvest but was significant at the first harvest in the next year. The response to autumn applied N was lower than that to N applied in spring.
It is concluded that applied N is unlikely to be necessary for grass-clover seed beds with an N index of 1. 相似文献
Nitrogen at sowing or nodulation had no effect on net rate of growth of clover plants but increased the mean number of initiated stolons per plant (mean of 17% more than unfertilized controls in late autumn) and decreased the rate of N
Response of DM to N was not significant at the establishment harvest but was significant at the first harvest in the next year. The response to autumn applied N was lower than that to N applied in spring.
It is concluded that applied N is unlikely to be necessary for grass-clover seed beds with an N index of 1. 相似文献
16.
缺磷胁迫对大豆根瘤生长和结瘤固氮的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用砂培培养方法研究了缺磷胁迫对大豆根瘤生长和结瘤固氮的影响.结果表明:缺磷胁迫抑制了大豆根瘤的生长,表现为根瘤干重重下降,根瘤数量减少;缺磷胁迫显著降低了大豆的固氮能力,表现为根瘤吲氮酶活性和豆血红蛋白含量降低;缺磷胁迫降低了大豆的固氮量,固氮量随磷水平的增加而增加,随着生育时期的推进,固氮量表现为先增加后降低再增加的趋势,无磷(0μmol·L~(-1))与高磷(50 μmo·L~(-1))以及低磷(30μmol·L~(-1))与高磷处理间均达到了5%的显著差异.因此,缺磷胁迫抑制了大豆的结瘤固氮作用,使大豆的同氮效率降低. 相似文献
17.
Soybean inoculation: Dose, N fertilizer supplementation and rhizobia persistence in soil 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Marta Albareda Dulce Nombre Rodríguez-Navarro Francisco J. Temprano 《Field Crops Research》2009,113(3):352-356
The effect of rate of application of Sinorhizobium (Ensifer) fredii SMH12 or Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA110 inoculants on grain yields of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] cv. Osumi was studied in a field experiment laid out in Southern Spain. All inoculant doses tested (104, 105, 106 and 107 rhizobia/seed) produced higher seed yields than those obtained in un-inoculated plots. Increments in nodule dry weight, seed yield and seed N content were observed when the number of rhizobia applied to seed increased from 104 up to 107. The addition of N fertilizer to inoculated soybean plants (50 kg N/ha applied at R1 or R4 stage) did not increase seed yields in comparison with treatments that were only inoculated. Survival of strains SMH12 and USDA110 was monitorized for three years in two different soils of Southern Spain after soybean inoculation. Rhizobia survival was varied dependent on the soil and the rhizobia strain used. 相似文献
18.
大豆—根瘤菌的共生模式为大豆提供了丰富的氮源。根瘤菌Ⅲ型效应因子是影响共生结瘤的关键信号分子之一,通过对HH103ΩNopAA与HH103ΩNopD的结瘤鉴定表明两个突变体对绥农14和ZYD00006的宿主亲和性不同,而后通过三亲杂交方法在HH103ΩNopAA基础上构建HH103ΩNopAAΩNopD的双突变体。利用绥农14与野生豆ZYD00006对突变体进行结瘤鉴定,HH103ΩNopAAΩNopD的根瘤数与根瘤重与HH103ΩNopAA无显著性差异。而后利用前期收集的100份大豆资源进行结瘤鉴定,分析NopAA与NopD的突变在不同遗传背景下的大豆品种的结瘤特性,绝大多数品种根瘤数明显减少,部分品种根瘤数在接种单突变体与双突变体存在显著差异。该研究为后续解析NopAA与NopD的共生信号传导以及根瘤菌与大豆品种亲和性提供新的思路。同时可以根据基因型的差异,筛选与不同根瘤菌均有较高亲和性的大豆品种,为进一步培育高结瘤、高固氮的大豆品种提供支撑。 相似文献
19.
长期定量施肥对大豆根系形态和根瘤性状的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为阐明施肥对大豆根系生长和结瘤性状的影响,以中国科学院海伦农业生态实验站长期定位施肥试验为平台,研究了施用不同种类肥料(NPK、NPKM、NK、NP和PK)对大豆根系特征和根瘤性状的影响.结果表明:各施肥处理大豆根长、根表面积和根体积变化趋势相似,均在结荚期出现峰值.NPK和NP处理的根长和根表面积比其它施肥处理大,而... 相似文献
20.
施肥对台湾桤木根系生长及结瘤的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为阐明施肥对台湾桤木根系生长及结瘤的影响,对广西引种的台湾桤木进行1年生苗施肥试验,研究了4种土壤类型(T_1:酸性黑壤土、T_2:酸性黄心土、T_3:酸性红壤土、T_4:碱性红壤土)下的3种施氮水平(N_1:0 g,N_2:3 g,N_3:6 g)对台湾桤木根系生长及根系结瘤的影响。结果表明:相同土壤类型下,N1(0 g)处理的台湾桤木苗木总根长、根系表面积、总体积、根系干重、根瘤鲜重、根瘤干重、根瘤数量、根瘤最大直径、根瘤平均直径以及根瘤固氮酶活等指标均明显高于N_2(3 g)和N_3(6 g)的相应值。4种土壤类型中以土壤pH值为4.77~5.00的酸性红壤或者黄壤更为适合台湾桤木生长。综合来看,1年生台湾桤木在不添加氮肥的情况下,可通过自身生物固氮满足其生长需求,有利于根系生长和根系结瘤;在施加氮肥3~6 g时,反而抑制其根系生长及根系结瘤,并且使其根瘤固氮酶活性下降。 相似文献