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1.
《Plant Production Science》2013,16(4):514-525
AbstractWe evaluated the genotypic differences in growth, grain yield, and water productivity of six rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars from different agricultural ecotypes under four cultivation conditions: continuously flooded paddy (CF), alternate wetting and drying system (AWD) in paddy field, and aerobic rice systems in which irrigation water was applied when soil moisture tension at 15 cm depth reached ?15 kPa (A15) and ?30 kPa (A30). In three of the sixcultivars, we also measured bleeding rate and predawn leaf water potential (LWP) to determine root activity and plant water status. Soil water potential (SWP) in the root zone averaged ?1.3 kPa at 15 cm in AWD, -5.5 and -6.6 kPa at 15 and 35 cm, respectively, in A15, and ?9.1 and ?7.6 kPa at 15 and 35 cm, respectively, in A30. The improved lowland cultivar, Nipponbare gave the highest yield in CF and AWD. The improved upland cultivar, UPLRi-7, and the traditional upland cultivar, Sensho gave the highest yield in A15 and A30, respectively. The yields of traditional upland cultivars,Sensho and Beodien in A30 were not lower than the yields in CF. However, the yields of the improved lowland cultivars, Koshihikari and Nipponbare, were markedly lower in A15 and A30. Total water input was 2145 mm in CF, 1706 mm in AWD, 804 mm in A15, and 627 mm in A30. The water productivity of upland rice cultivars in aerobic plots was 2.2 to 3.6 times higher than that in CF, while those of lowland cultivars in aerobic plots were lower than those in CF. The bleeding rate of Koshihikari was lower in A15 and A30 than in CF and AWD, and its LWP was significantly lower in A15 and A30 than in CF and AWD, but Sensho and Beodien showed no differences among the four cultivation conditions. We conclude that aerobic rice systems are promising technologies for farmers who lack access to enough water to grow flooded lowland rice. However, lowland cultivars showed severe growth and yield reductions under aerobic soil conditions. This might result from poor root systems and poor root function, which limits water absorption and thus decreases LWP. More research on the morphological and physiological traits under aerobic rice systems is needed. 相似文献
2.
干湿交替灌溉对抗旱性不同水稻品种产量的影响及其生理原因分析 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
【目的】旨在阐明全生育期干湿交替灌溉对抗旱性不同水稻品种产量的影响。【方法】以抗旱性差异显著的4个水稻品种(籼稻扬稻6号和两优培九,粳稻旱优8号和镇稻88)为材料,以常规水层灌溉(CI)为对照,在盆栽条件下研究了轻干湿交替灌溉(WMD)和重干湿交替灌溉(WSD)对水稻产量、根系、叶片及籽粒部分生理特性的影响。【结果】与CI相比,WMD处理下抗旱性较强品种扬稻6号和旱优8号产量分别提高6.90%和7.45%,抗旱性较弱品种两优培九和镇稻88产量分别降低7.28%和8.10%。WSD处理下,4个水稻品种的产量均显著下降,抗旱性较弱的品种产量降幅远高于抗旱性较强的水稻品种。WMD处理下,扬稻6号和旱优8号复水后根系氧化力、根系与叶片细胞分裂素(玉米素+玉米素核苷)含量、叶片光合速率和籽粒中蔗糖-淀粉代谢途径关键酶的活性均较CI有不同程度提高,而两优培九和镇稻88上述指标则与CI持平或有不同程度降低。WSD处理下,4个品种上述指标均较CI不同程度降低。【结论】轻干湿交替灌溉条件下,根系活性强、叶片细胞分裂素含量和光合速率高、籽粒中蔗糖-淀粉代谢途径关键酶活性强是抗旱性较强水稻品种的基本生理特征。 相似文献
3.
System of Rice Intensification (SRI) often achieved higher yield than conventional practice. We identified the high-yielding farmers from the yield records of 1909 paddy fields belonging to an organic farmers’ association. Farmers whose yields were from 8.4 to 10.4 t ha?1 were interviewed and their fields surveyed. Their yields had increased by an estimated average of 40% following the adoption of SRI practices. They applied 2–12 t ha?1 of compost. Compared to the conventional practice, they shortened seedling age at transplanting from 27.4 to 17.6 days and reduced the number of seedlings per hill from 4–6 to 2–3, while hill spacing remained unchanged. Instead of intermittent irrigation which is recommended in standard SRI, they kept shallow flooding of 1–2 cm. Although they applied a lot of compost, no correlation was found between the amount of compost application and the yields. Instead, high-yielding farmers returned rice straw into waterlogged paddy after harvest, which presumably is an ideal condition for biological nitrogen fixation. This may occur around rice straw during decomposition under waterlogged condition and might supplement the negative nitrogen balance, thereby enabling the high yield as compared with conventional practices where the fresh rice straw is removed and/or burned. 相似文献
4.
Biswanath Dari Debjani Sihi Santanu Kumar Bal Sanju Kunwar 《Paddy and Water Environment》2017,15(2):395-401
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the most important staple food crop in the southern region of Asia, and Indian subcontinent being one of the major producers. Production of conventional transplanted rice requires a large amount of irrigation water, labor, and energy. The scarcity of irrigation water has encouraged farmers to adopt an alternative rice production system, i.e. the direct-seeded rice (DSR), which is proposed to be farmers’ friendly with a potential to save water. Our study reports the performance of DSR with respect to yield and water expense efficiency based on different irrigation regimes and dates of sowing. A field experiment was conducted in the semi-arid region of northern India during the rainy season of 2011 with two treatment combinations (dates of sowing: 15th May and 5th June and three irrigation regimes: irrigation scheduled at irrigation water-to-cumulative potential evapotranspiration; IW/CPE ratio of 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0) in a completely randomized design. We found statistically higher water expense efficiency of DSR sown on 5th June as compared to DSR sown on 15th May without any significant differences in growth and yield. A significant yield difference between DSR grown with irrigation regimes of IW/CPE 1.0 and 1.5 and DSR grown with irrigation regimes of IW/CPE ratio 2.0 were observed. The DSR grown with irrigation regimes of IW/CPE ratio of 1.5 resulted in significantly higher water expense efficiency than the one with IW/CPE ratio of 2.0. Obtaining a higher yield of DSR under scarce irrigation water might be a trade-off between optimum water use and maximum yield avoiding excess ground water exploitation in sub-tropical semi-arid regions of India. Our study suggests that sowing time and irrigation regimes are two important aspects of “rice production” to attain “win–win” solution. Thus, strategic and judicial use of irrigation water with management of sowing time could potentially escalate the rice production in water scarce regions of India. 相似文献
5.
2012年在永泰梧桐镇推广早中稻—再生稻—冬马铃薯高产栽培模式,以挖掘当地耕地增产潜力,增加粮食总产,提高农民收入。通过示范、推广,探讨该模式的高产栽培技术措施。 相似文献
6.
Intensive rice farming in aerobic soil, referred to herein as aerobic rice, can greatly reduce the water input compared to that of flooded rice cultivation. The objective of this study was to compare the potential productivity of aerobic rice and flooded rice using high-yielding varieties at two locations in Japan in two successive years. In aerobic fields, the total amount of water supplied (irrigation plus rainfall) was 800–1300 mm. The soil water potential at 20-cm depth averaged between −15 and −30 kPa each growing season, but frequently reached −60 kPa. The average yield under aerobic conditions was similar to or even higher than that achieved with flooded conditions (7.9 t ha−1 in 2007 and 9.4 t ha−1 in 2008 for aerobic versus 8.2 t ha−1 for flooded). The average water productivity under aerobic conditions was 0.8–1.0 kg grain m−3 water, slightly higher than common values in the literature. The super-high-yielding cultivar Takanari achieved yields greater than 10 t ha−1 with no yield penalty under aerobic conditions in 3 out of 4 experiments. The favorable agronomic characteristic of Takanari was its ample sink capacity (grain number × grain weight). In conclusion, high-productivity rice cultivation in aerobic soil is a promising technology for water conservation. With continued breeding, future aerobic rice varieties will possess large numbers of spikelets and sufficient adaptation to aerobic conditions such that they will consistently achieve yields comparable to the potential yield of flooded rice. 相似文献
7.
Midori Okami Hitoshi Matsunaka Masaya Fujita Kazuhiro Nakamura Zenta Nishio 《Plant Production Science》2016,19(3):360-369
Development of wheat cultivars that achieve high yields despite the short growing season is essential for increasing wheat production in southwestern Japan. The objectives of this study were to assess the genetic progress in grain yield and to clarify yield-attributing traits of high-yielding wheat lines in southwestern Japan. We conducted field experiments for two growing seasons (2012–2013 and 2013–2014) using three commercial wheat cultivars (Shiroganekomugi, Chikugoizumi, and Iwainodaichi) and four high-yielding wheat lines including Hakei W1380 developed in southwestern Japan. In an ancillary field experiment, we compared a commercial cultivar, Shiroganekomugi, and a high-yielding line, Hakei W1380, in the 2014–2015 season. Across the two seasons, grain yield of high-yielding lines was generally higher than commercial cultivars. Hakei W1380 achieved the highest grain yield across the two seasons, and successfully produced more than 900 g m?2 in the 2013–2014 season. Correlation analysis showed that recent yield progress of wheat lines in southwestern Japan was derived from enhanced biomass production and grain number m?2. Larger numbers of grains m?2 in high-yielding lines than in commercial cultivars were associated with higher crop growth rate at the pre-anthesis stage, and therefore higher spike dry weight m?2 at anthesis. Genotypic differences in crop growth rate from jointing to anthesis resulted mainly from differences in leaf area index. These results indicate that further improvements in grain yield in southwestern Japan could be achieved by increasing the amount of radiation intercepted at the pre-anthesis stage and grain number m?2. 相似文献
8.
Growth, yield and water productivity of zero till wheat as affected by rice straw mulch and irrigation schedule 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Intensive cultivation of rice and wheat in north-west India has resulted in air pollution from rice straw burning, soil degradation and declining groundwater resources. The retention of rice residues as a surface mulch could be beneficial for moisture conservation and yield, and for hence water productivity, in addition to reducing air pollution and loss of soil organic matter. Two field experiments were conducted in Punjab, India, to study the effects of rice straw mulch and irrigation scheduling on wheat growth, yield, water use and water productivity during 2006-2008. Mulching increased soil water content and this led to significant improvement in crop growth and yield determining attributes where water was limiting, but this only resulted in significant grain yield increase in two instances. There was no effect of irrigation treatment in the first year because of well-distributed rains. In the second year, yield decreased with decrease and delay in the number of irrigations between crown root initiation and grain filling. With soil matric potential (SMP)-based irrigation scheduling, the irrigation amount was reduced by 75 mm each year with mulch in comparison with no mulch, while maintaining grain yield. Total crop water use (ET) was not significantly affected by mulch in either year, but was significantly affected by irrigation treatment in the second year. Mulch had a positive or neutral effect on grain water productivity with respect to ET (WPET) and irrigation (WPI). Maximum WPI occurred in the treatment which received the least irrigation, but this was also the lowest yielding treatment. The current irrigation scheduling guidelines based on cumulative pan evaporation (CPE) resulted in sub-optimal irrigation (loss of yield) in one of the two years, and higher irrigation input and lower WPI of the mulched treatment in comparison with SMP-based irrigation scheduling. The results from this and other studies suggest that farmers in Punjab greatly over-irrigate wheat. Further field and modelling studies are needed to extrapolate the findings to a wider range of seasonal and site conditions, and to develop simple tools and guidelines to assist farmers to better schedule irrigation to wheat. 相似文献
9.
Yield, grain quality and water use efficiency of rice under non-flooded mulching cultivation 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
Plastic film or straw mulching cultivation under non-flooded condition has been considered as a new water-saving technique in rice production. This study aimed to investigate the yield performance in terms of quality and quantity and water use efficiency (WUE) under such practices. A field experiment across 3 years was conducted with two high-yielding rice cultivars, Zhendao 88 (a japonica cultivar) and Shanyou 63 (an indica hybrid cultivar) and four cultivation treatments imposed from transplanting to maturity: traditional flooding as control (TF), non-flooded plastic film mulching (PM), non-flooded wheat straw mulching (SM), and non-flooded no mulching (NM). Compared with those under the TF, root oxidation activity, photosynthetic rate, and activities of key enzymes in sucrose-to-starch conversion in grains during the grain filling period were significantly increased under the SM, whereas they were significantly reduced under the PM and NM treatments. Grain yield showed some reduction under all the non-flooded cultivations but differed largely among the treatments. The reduction in yield was 7.3–17.5% under the PM, 2.8–6.3% under the SM, and 39–49% under the NM. The difference in grain yield was not significant between TF and SM treatments. WUE for irrigation was increased by 314–367% under the PM, 307–321% under the SM, and 98–138% under the NM. Under the same treatment especially under non-flooded conditions, the indica hybrid cultivar showed a higher grain yield and higher WUE than the japonica cultivar. The SM significantly improved milling, appearance, and cooking qualities, whereas the PM or the NM decreased these qualities. We conclude that both PM and SM could significantly increase WUE, while the SM could also maintain a high grain yield and improve quality of rice. The SM would be a better practice than the PM in areas where water is scarce while temperature is favorable to rice growth, such as in Southeast China. 相似文献
10.
《Plant Production Science》2013,16(2):208-216
AbstractTo examine the possibility of breeding high-yielding cultivars with high nitrogen use efficiency for dry matter accumulation (NUEd) and to provide simple criteria for the selecting and breeding high-yielding cultivars with high NUEd as well as useful information for the mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling NUEd, we cultured recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of rice hydroponically in 2000 and 2001. RILs with a higher grain yield tended to show greater total dry matter accumulation (TDMA) and higher harvest index (HI), while increasing TDMA resulted in a decrease in HI. The contribution ratio of the TDMA to grain yield (2000 : 67.3%, 2001 : 68.2%) was higher than that of HI in both 2000 and 2001. Even at the same high-yielding level, there was a significant difference in the TDMA and HI values. In both years, the contribution ratios of NUEd and total nitrogen absorption (NTA) to TDMA were about 62.0 and 38.0%, respectively. The contribution ratio of the NUEd to grain yield was higher than those of the NTA and HI in both 2000 (41.6%) and 2001 (42.9%). These results suggested that the high-yielding rice plants generally displayed high TDMA and HI values. Further increase in rice grain yield should be based on the further increase in TDMA than in HI, and to increase TDMA leading to a high grain yield, the emphasis also should be put on improving NUEd in RILs. 相似文献
11.
Anchal Dass Subhash Chandra Anil K. Choudhary Gurvinder Singh S. Sudhishri 《Paddy and Water Environment》2016,14(1):45-59
A 2-year field experiment was conducted during the wet seasons (July–October) of 2008 and 2009 on a Typic Hapludoll Mollisol in Indo-Gangetic Plains Region (IGPR) to: (i) investigate the effects of field water re-ponding intervals and plant spacing on the growth, yield, and water productivity (WP) of two rice cultivars under system of rice intensification (SRI) management, and (ii) assess comparative performance of SRI versus ‘best management practices’(BMP) of rice cultivation. This experiment was designed with 14 treatments, 12 under SRI, and 2 BMP (controls). SRI treatments comprised of 3 irrigation regimes viz, irrigation at 1, 3, and 5 day(s) after disappearance of ponded water (DADPW), 2 plant spacings (20 × 20, 25 × 25 cm), and 2 rice cultivars (Pant Dhan 4 and Hybrid 6444). Two BMP (control) treatments comprised of standard cultivation recommendations for flooding and spacing. The experiment was laid-out in a factorial randomized complete block design with three replications. Statistical analysis of data revealed significant variations in root–shoot characteristics and rice yield under SRI between years, reflecting different rainfall patterns. During 2009, a low rainfall year, the panicle numbers m?2, dry root weight m?2, root volume m?2, filled spikelet number panicle?1, and filled spikelet weight panicle?1 were significantly higher, which resulted in a rice grain yield enhancement by 5.1 % over 2008, when there was unusually heavy rainfall. Climate × irrigation regime interaction revealed a non-significant influence of irrigation regimes on growth and yield during 2008, whereas in 2009, irrigation at 1 DADPW and 3 DADPW increased grain yield by 12.8 and 8 %, respectively over 5 DADPW. Better root–zone soil moisture regimes, balancing water, and oxygen availability were responsible for higher yields under irrigation at 1 and 3 DADPW. In 2008, soil moisture content (SMC) in 0–15 cm layer was 91, 86, and 82 % of field capacity (FC) at panicle initiation, and 88, 80, and 77 % at panicle emergence stage when irrigation was at 1, 3, and 5 DADPW, respectively; the lower layers (15–30, 30–45 cm) retained their SMC between 87 and 94 % of FC at both stages. During 2009, SMC in all the three layers at both stages was more than 85 % of FC when irrigating at 1 DADPW, and a little more than 70 % for the 0–15 cm layer and >80 % for the other two layers when irrigation was done at 3 DADPW. SMC dropped to below 60 % of FC in the 0–15 cm layer and remained between 67 and 77 % of FC in the other two layers, with lower yield resulting when irrigations were applied at 5 DADPW. However, WP was the highest with irrigation at 5 DADPW (38.5 kg ha cm?1). Wider plant spacing (25 × 25 cm) resulted in generally and significantly higher grain yield and WP. On an average, SRI (6.1 t ha?1) resulted in yield advantage of 0.9 t ha?1 over BMP (5.2 t ha?1). Overall, it is inferred that in SRI, wider planting (25 × 25 cm) with field re-ponding at 3 DADPW if there is adequate water availability and at 5 DADPW under limited water supply conditions, may lead to higher rice yields and WP in sub-humid tarai Mollisols of IGPR and comparable agro-climatic conditions in Indian sub-continent. 相似文献
12.
R. Loeve B. Dong L. Hong C. D. Chen S. Zhang R. Barker 《Paddy and Water Environment》2007,5(4):263-269
The Zhanghe irrigation system (ZIS) is located in the Yangtze River Basin approximately 200 km west of Wuhan in Hubei Province.
The reservoir was designed for multiple uses—irrigation, flood control, domestic water supply, industrial use, aquaculture,
and hydropower. Over a period of more than 30 years a steadily increasing amount of water has been transferred from irrigation
to other uses. Activities on the part of government, irrigation system managers, and farmers made this transfer possible with
only modest decline in rice production. Most important factor was the steady increase in rice yields. The water pricing system
provided an incentive for ZIS to reduce irrigation releases. With the steady decline in releases, farmers were forced to find
ways to save water. Farmers improved existing ponds and built new ones to store water (improved infrastructure). Access to
pond water on demand facilitated the adoption of alternate wetting and drying (technology) particularly in dry years. The establishment of volumetric pricing (price policy) and water user associations
(institutions) may also have provided incentives for adoption of AWD, but more research is needed to establish their impact.
These activities taken together can be seen as potentially complementary measures. Farmers received no direct compensation
for the transfer of water, but recently farm taxes have been reduced or altogether abolished. Further reduction in water releases
from the ZIS reservoir could adversely affect rice production in normal or dry years. 相似文献
13.
14.
施氮量和灌溉方式的交互作用对东北粳稻稻米品质的影响 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
【目的】探讨不同灌溉方式和氮肥对水稻品质的影响及其互作效应。【方法】以常规粳稻沈稻47和杂交粳稻粳优586为材料，进行防雨棚盆栽试验，设置浅水层灌溉、浅湿灌溉、轻干湿交替灌溉和重干湿交替灌溉4种灌溉方式及正常施氮(normal nitrogen, NN, 180 kg/hm2)和高氮(high nitrogen, HN, 220 kg/hm2)2种氮肥水平，研究不同肥水处理对稻米品质的影响。【结果】灌溉方式和施氮量对稻米品质有明显的互作效应，在正常施氮和高氮水平下，稻米的加工品质、外观品质、营养品质和蒸煮食味品质均以轻干湿交替灌溉为佳。正常施氮水平下，重干湿交替灌溉下稻米的整精米率、胶稠度、最高黏度和崩解值低于浅水层灌溉，而其垩白度、垩白粒率、直链淀粉含量及消减值却高于浅水层灌溉。高氮水平下，重干湿交替灌溉处理的加工品质、外观品质、营养品质和蒸煮食味品质优于浅水层灌溉，但二者间差异不显著。灌溉方式对氨基酸的影响因施氮量和品种的不同而存在差异。常规施氮水平下，轻干湿交替灌溉显著提高了稻米的总氨基酸含量；高氮水平下，重干湿交替灌溉显著提高了沈稻47的氨基酸总量，而粳优586总氨基酸含量则在轻干湿交替灌溉处理下取得较高值，必需氨基酸和非必需氨基酸含量与总氨基酸含量趋势一致。【结论】轻干湿交替灌溉方式可以改善稻米品质。在本研究条件下，沈稻47和粳优586分别以轻干湿交替灌溉和施氮量为180 kg/hm2和施氮量为220 kg/hm2时，米质较好。 相似文献
15.
施氮量和灌溉方式的交互作用对东北粳稻稻米品质的影响 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
[目的]探讨不同灌溉方式和氮肥对水稻品质的影响及其互作效应。[方法]以常规粳稻沈稻47和杂交粳稻粳优 586 为材料,进行防雨棚盆栽试验,设置浅水层灌溉、浅湿灌溉、轻干湿交替灌溉和重干湿交替灌溉4种灌溉方式及正常施氮(normal nitrogen, NN, 180 kg/hm^2)和高氮(high nitrogen, HN, 220 kg/hm^2)2种氮肥水平,研究不同肥水处理对稻米品质的影响。[结果]灌溉方式和施氮量对稻米品质有明显的互作效应,在正常施氮和高氮水平下,稻米的加工品质、外观品质、营养品质和蒸煮食味品质均以轻干湿交替灌溉为佳。正常施氮水平下,重干湿交替灌溉下稻米的整精米率、胶稠度、最高黏度和崩解值低于浅水层灌溉,而其垩白度、垩白粒率、直链淀粉含量及消减值却高于浅水层灌溉。高氮水平下,重干湿交替灌溉处理的加工品质、外观品质、营养品质和蒸煮食味品质优于浅水层灌溉,但二者间差异不显著。灌溉方式对氨基酸的影响因施氮量和品种的不同而存在差异。常规施氮水平下,轻干湿交替灌溉显著提高了稻米的总氨基酸含量;高氮水平下,重干湿交替灌溉显著提高了沈稻47的氨基酸总量,而粳优586总氨基酸含量则在轻干湿交替灌溉处理下取得较高值,必需氨基酸和非必需氨基酸含量与总氨基酸含量趋势一致。[结论]轻干湿交替灌溉方式可以改善稻米品质。在本研究条件下,沈稻 47和粳优586分别以轻干湿交替灌溉和施氮量为180 kg/hm^2和施氮量为220 kg/hm^2时,米质较好。 相似文献
16.
《Plant Production Science》2013,16(4):401-407
AbstractThe experimental site (Shihezi, Xinjiang, China) is located in an arid area of central Asia with abundant solar radiation of almost 10 daily sunshine hours from April to September. The yield potential in this area appears to be high if sufficient water is supplied. The yields of five soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cultivars including three semi-indeterminate Chinese cultivars (Shidadou 1, Xindadou 1 and Suinong 11) and two determinate Japanese cultivars (Toyomusume and Toyokomachi) were evaluated over three years. These cultivars were grown under drip irrigation, a high planting density (22.2 plants m-2) and heavy applications of farmyard manure (15 t ha-1). Each cultivar showed a high leaf area index (LAI). In particular, the maximum LAI was greater than 7 over the three years in Shidadou 1 and Toyokomachi. The three Chinese cultivars with a high plant height had a low LAI in the upper layers of the canopy, but the two Japanese cultivars with a short plant height had a higher LAI in the middle or upper layers. Toyokomachi and Shidadou 1 had the highest seed yield, followed by Toyomusume. In particular, the seed yield of Toyokomachi was as high as 8.67 t ha-1 on the average of the three years. These high-yielding cultivars had more than 60 pods per plant (1350 m-2). The high yields in this experiment could be due to the large amount of intercepted radiation owing to the high LAI and abundant solar radiation, frequent and sufficient irrigation by the drip irrigation, and large number of pods as a sink. 相似文献
17.
以龙稻18及新品系龙稻17006、龙稻17009、龙稻17011、龙稻17016为试验材料,研究了控制灌溉（控灌）和常规灌溉（常灌）对这些材料产量及品质的影响,以期为寒地节水栽培提供参考。结果表明,各参试材料产量和品质对控灌反应不一致。控灌下,龙稻17009、龙稻18产量升高,而龙稻17006、龙稻17011、龙稻17016产量下降;龙稻17009产量在控灌条件下显著高于其他材料,有效分蘖和穗实粒数提升是其增产的主因。控灌降低了龙稻17009、龙稻18、龙稻17011的食味值,提升了龙稻17006食味值。蛋白质含量升高是龙稻17009食味下降的主要原因。此外,控灌有利于水稻在灌浆期维持较高叶色值,维持叶片生理活性。控制灌溉结合适宜水稻品种不但可以实现节水,还能在保持水稻良好品质的情况下提升水稻产量,实现节本增效,有利于寒地水资源的可持续利用。 相似文献
18.
Early vigor and rapid canopy development are important characteristics in aerobic rice culture, where they are highly susceptible to soil water deficits. To elucidate the response of rice's vegetative growth to water management regimes, we evaluated the leaf growth and the concomitant nitrogen (N) utilization of nine cultivars grown in flooded and aerobic culture in 2 years. In aerobic culture, the soil water potential at a depth of 20 cm frequently reached −60 kPa in 2007, but remained above −30 kPa in 2008. The average leaf area index (LAI) in the middle of the vegetative growth stage, N uptake and leaf N content per unit leaf area (specific leaf N; SLN) in aerobic culture were comparable to those in flooded culture. However, there was a significant cultivar × water regime interaction in LAI: cultivars with higher LAI during the vegetative growth stage achieved higher yield in aerobic rice culture. IR72 and Takanari (high-yielding cultivars of flood-irrigated rice) showed poor leaf growth as well as lower N uptake and higher SLN in aerobic culture compared with flooded culture. Our results show that early vigor is closely associated with yield stability to the soil moisture fluctuations in aerobic rice culture, even if weeds are properly controlled. Greater N uptake from aerobic soil and better balancing between the N demand for leaf growth and the N supply to the leaves under fluctuating soil moisture would be, at least in part, relevant to a rice cultivar's adaptation to aerobic conditions. 相似文献
19.
Yoshihiro Hirooka Koki Homma Tatsuhiko Shiraiwa Yuki Makino Tian-sheng Liu Zhengjin Xu 《Plant Production Science》2018,21(1):1-7
Erect panicle rice cultivars utilize solar energy effectively and have improved ecological growing conditions. Among such cultivars, Shennong265 has been grown successfully throughout Northern China. Nevertheless, no studies have yet examined the relationships between crop dry matter productivity, weather conditions, and nitrogen uptake of the erect panicle type rice cultivar in Japan. The objective of our study was to evaluate the productivity of erect panicle rice Shennong265 in Western Japan under varied conditions. Three rice cultivars, Shennong265, Nipponbare, and Takanari were grown in the field under different fertilizer and plant density conditions in Western Japan; using this information, we compared yield and growth characteristics of Shennong265 with those of Nipponbare and Takanari. Although Shennong265 had radiation use efficiency similar to that of the high yielding cultivar (Takanari) and much higher leaf nitrogen content than Takanari and Nipponbare, the average grain yield of Shennong265 grown under normal fertilizer and plant density conditions was approximately 6.9 t ha?1 as against 6.2 t ha?1 for Nipponbare and 9.6 t ha?1 for Takanari. These results suggest that, while Shennong265 has a high yield potential, the environmental conditions including climate, fertilizer, and planting period provided in this study were not suitable for achieving its maximum yield. The reduced performance of Shennong265 may be caused by insufficient fertilizer after heading and by shorter growth periods, as well as by the climate of Western Japan. Additional fertilizer application during the heading stage and earlier transplanting may be needed to obtain higher Shennong265 yields in Western Japan. 相似文献