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1.
《Plant Production Science》2013,16(1):29-36
AbstractThe effects of relative light intensity (RLI) on the growth, yield and curcumin content of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) were examined in Okinawa, Japan. The plants were shaded with white nets with different mesh sizes for maintaining respective RLI. Five RLI, 100 (without shading), 82, 79, 73 and 59% in 2004?2005 and four RLI, 100, 68, 52 and 48% in 2005?2006 were evaluated. In the first experiment, plant height increased markedly, but the number of leaves and tillers, and SPAD value increased slightly in the plants grown at 59?82% RLI compared with control (without shading). Turmeric shoot biomass and yield increased significantly at 59?82% RLI and they were highest at 73% RLI in the first experiment. Curcumin content of turmeric increased markedly at 59?73% RLI as compared with the control in the first experiment. Similar results in plant growth, shoot biomass, yield and curcumin content were obtained in the second experiment, but the effects of RLIs were smaller than in the first experiment because of late planting. This study indicates that turmeric is a partial shade-tolerant plant that could be cultivated at around 59?73% RLI for higher yield and curcumin content in Okinawa. However, the degree of RLI required for better turmeric cultivation may vary with the place, year and irradiance level. 相似文献
2.
Masanobu Ohshiro Ichiro Nakamura Hikaru Akamine Masanobu Tamaki Prasanta Chitta Bhowmik 《Plant Production Science》2016,19(1):61-72
Soil types and fertilizer regimes were evaluated on growth, yield, and quality of Amaranthus tricolor lines, IB (India Bengal), TW (Taiwan), BB (Bangladesh B), and BC (Bangladesh C) in developing management practices in Okinawa. Growth and yield of all amaranth lines were higher in gray soil (pH 8.4) than in dark red soil (pH 6.6) and red soil (pH 5.4). The combined NPK fertilizer resulted in highest growth parameters and yield of amaranths in all soils. Nitrogen fertilizer alone did not affect growth parameters and yield of amaranths in dark red and red soils. Growth parameters and yield increased similarly with the 30, 40, and 50 g m?2 of NPK fertilizer in BB line, and with the 20, 30, 40, and 50 g m?2 in BC line. Agronomic efficiency of NPK fertilizer at 50 g m?2 was not prominent on the amaranths, compared to the fertilizer at 40 g m?2. Amaranth lines had higher Na in dark red and red soils, while K and Mg in gray soil, Ca in gray and red soils, and Fe in dark red soil. The NPK fertilizer resulted in higher Na, Ca, Mg, and P in BB line in glasshouse. These minerals in BB line were not clearly affected, but in BC line were lower with NPK fertilizer at 20–50 g m?2 in field. These studies indicate that gray soil is best for amaranth cultivation and combined NPK fertilizer at 20–40 g m?2 is effective in gray soil in Okinawa for higher yield and minerals of amaranth. 相似文献
3.
V. K. Goud K. Polasa K. Krishnaswamy 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1993,44(1):87-92
Diet contains several substances capable of inhibiting chemical carcinogenesis. It is known that such inhibitors may either act directly by scavenging the reactive substances or indirectly by promoting mechanisms which enhance detoxification. Turmeric which contains curcumin both in vitro and in vivo is an active antimutagen. Studies were therefore conducted to evaluate the effects of turmeric on xenobiotic metabolising enzymes in hepatic tissue of rats fed turmeric ranging from 0.5–10% in the diet. Enzymes such as aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase, UDP glucuronyl transferase and glutathione-S-transferase were assayed after four weeks of turmeric fed diets. No significant differences were seen in the activating enzyme AHH. However, UDPGT was significantly elevated in rats fed 10% turmeric while GSHT registered a significant increase in 5 and 10% turmeric fed diet as compared to controls and 0.5–1.0% turmeric fed animals. The results suggest that turmeric may increase detoxification systems in addition to its anti-oxidant properties. Curcumin perhaps is the active principle in turmeric. Turmeric used widely as a spice would probably mitigate the effects of several dietary carcinogens. 相似文献
4.
In the traditional system ofmedicine, Ayurveda, several spices and herbsare thought to possess medicinal properties. Amongthe spices, turmeric rhizomes (Curcumalonga. Linn.) are used as flavoring and coloringagents in the Indian diet everyday. In this research,we studied the effect of turmeric and itsactive principle, curcumin, on diabetes mellitus in arat model. Alloxan was used to induce diabetes.Administration of turmeric or curcumin to diabeticrats reduced the blood sugar, Hb and glycosylatedhemoglobin levels significantly. Turmeric andcurcumin supplementation also reduced the oxidativestress encountered by the diabetic rats. This wasdemonstrated by the lower levels of TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances), which mayhave been due to the decreased influx of glucose intothe polyol pathway leading to an increased NADPH/NADPratio and elevated activity of the potent antioxdiantenzyme GPx. Moreover, the activity of SDH (soorbitol dehydrogenase), whichcatalyzes the conversion of sorbitol to fructose, waslowered significantly on treatment with turmeric orcurcumin. These results also appeared to reveal thatcurcumin was more effective in attenuating diabetesmellitus related changes than turmeric. 相似文献
5.
《Plant Production Science》2013,16(2):173-184
AbstractA field experiment was conducted to examine the possibility of introducing winter legumes, hairy vetch and faba bean, as green manures to turmeric cropping in a temperate region. Hairy vetch shoots were incorporated to determine the effect of N and P added as green manure. Higher values in plant height and number of leaves of turmeric were observed in the treatment with incorporation of hairy vetch than in that without incorporation (no-incorporation) throughout the growth periods. The differences in total amounts of N and P of turmeric between incorporation and no-incorporation treatments were the highest on 15 October, when the amount was increased by 8.0 g N and 1.1 g P m–2 compared with the no-incorporation treatment. From September to October, curcumin content rapidly increased with rhizome thickening, and gradually increased. We also quantified the N and P contribution from faba bean residues to the succeeding turmeric. The total amounts of N and P in turmeric cultivated after incorporating shoot and root residues into previously cultivated faba bean field were 2.5 g N and 1.0 g P m–2, respectively, larger than incorporating only roots. In previously fallow field, the incorporation of the shoot increased the total amount of N and P in tumeric by 4.5 g and 1.9 g m–2, respectively, compared with that without incorporation. In the second year after incorporation, growth and nutrient uptake of the turmeric crop did not significantly differ from those without incorporation. In the temperate region, these winter legumes would be used as basal organic matters for turmeric production. 相似文献
6.
不同原料商品有机肥对土壤肥力性状及冬瓜产量的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
分析明月海藻有机肥（CH01）、海腾鸡粪有机肥（HK05）、荣达豆粕有机肥（BT03）和博泰虾肽氨基酸有机肥（CJ01）4种不同原料商品有机肥养分含量,研究其对土壤肥力和冬瓜产量的影响。结果表明：海藻有机质含量最高,豆粕氮含量最高,鸡粪磷和钾含量最高;经过360 d的培养实验后,海藻对有机质提升效果最好;豆粕对碱解氮和全氮含量提升效果最好;鸡粪对速效磷提升效果最好;鸡粪和虾肽对速效钾提升最大。对土壤pH和CEC提升效果最好的有机肥分别为鸡粪和海藻。大田试验中豆粕对碱解氮含量提升效果最好,海藻对CEC提升效果最好,鸡粪对pH提升效果最好,与培养试验结果相一致。但各处理土壤中的养分含量,pH和CEC差异不显著。施用虾肽能显著提高冬瓜产量,其余处理与空白对照无显著差异。不同原料商品有机肥培肥土壤的能力受到有机肥基本理化性质的影响,增产效果与其钾含量高低有关,施用虾肽有机肥能显著提高冬瓜产量。短时间的田间试验无法体现商品有机肥的肥效。 相似文献
7.
8.
土壤性状和营养物质对小麦品质的影响 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：5
在影响小麦品质的环境因素中，土壤性状和营养物质的影响极为重要。高肥力和较干燥的土壤条件更有利于生产强筋优质小麦，其他土壤性状如土壤质地、性质、结构等也会影响小麦品质。营养物质供应状况影响小麦植株体内的物质代谢，进而影响其品质。氮素是影响小麦品质的最主要因素，施氮量、施氮时期、施氮方式等，均能显著影响小麦品质；磷素和钾素品质效应一般不明显，只有氮、磷、钾适当配比才能有效提高品质；一般条件施用中、微量元素对品质基本无正效应，但缺素或有效含量不足的土壤只有针对性施中、微量元素肥才能保证小麦品质。 相似文献
9.
福建省典型茶园土壤硒含量及其影响因素研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采集了福建省60份典型茶园表层土壤(0~20 cm),测定了土壤全硒和有效硒含量,分析了土壤类型、植茶年限和海拔对土壤硒及有效硒含量的影响,并探讨其受土壤理化性质的影响。结果表明,福建省茶园土壤全硒含量范围为0.22~2.20 mg·kg-1,均值为0.73 mg·kg-1,有86.67%的茶园土壤硒含量达到富硒土壤标准(>0.4 mg·kg-1);茶园土壤有效硒含量为5.21~448.86 μg·kg-1,均值为62.98 μg·kg-1;土壤硒活化率为1.10%~31.64%,均值为8.76%,硒有效程度较低。砂砾岩和凝灰岩发育的茶园土壤硒和有效硒含量较高,紫色砂岩和河流冲积物发育的茶园土壤硒含量较低;山地草甸土茶园土壤全硒和有效硒含量最高,潮砂土和水稻土硒含量较低;成龄茶园和老茶园土壤全硒和有效硒含量较高,新垦茶园硒含量较低;中高海拔地区茶园土壤全硒及有效硒含量较高,低海拔地区茶园土壤硒含量较低。相关分析表明,茶园土壤硒及有效性主要受土壤有机质和全氮的影响,pH对有机质含量较低的红壤茶园和幼龄茶园有显著影响,有效磷对成龄茶园和中高海拔茶园有显著影响。总体而言,该区域茶园富硒土壤为发展天然富硒茶提供了物源保证,但硒有效程度不高,应针对不同类型茶园采取相应栽培措施(增施有机肥、改良剂和钙镁磷肥)来提高土壤有效硒。 相似文献
10.
为了解浙江省桐庐县稻田耕层土壤肥力现状及其演变趋势,利用历史资料和近期地力评价调查数据,探讨了近30年来桐庐县稻田耕层土壤主要肥力指标的变化特征。结果表明,近30年来,桐庐县稻田耕层土壤主要肥力指标发生了较大变化,但变化方向和变化程度因养分种类和区块而异。土壤p H值有轻微的酸化趋势,平均降低0.07个p H值单位;土壤阳离子交换量总体上以中低水平为主;土壤有机质显著降低,平均降幅为17.32%,以分水区块下降最为明显,降幅为24.17%;土壤有效磷和速效钾显著提升,平均增幅分别为173.75%和63.05%。其中,土壤有效磷已出现了累积现象,以桐君区块累积最为明显,增幅高达316.24%;土壤速效钾虽提升显著,但仍处于中等水平,桐君区块提升最多,增幅为112.62%。分析认为,施肥结构和种植制度的改变是引起桐庐县稻田土壤肥力变化的主要原因。 相似文献
11.
Soil, site and management components of variation in species composition of agricultural grasslands in western Norway 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Å. Myklestad 《Grass and Forage Science》2004,59(2):136-143
A partitioning of the total variance in species composition of grasslands associated with increasing fertilizer inputs (unfertilized pastures, artificially fertilized hay meadows and intensively cultivated grassland) in western Norway was undertaken. The partitioning was carried out with (partial) constrained ordinations (canonical correspondence analysis) and associated Monte Carlo permutation tests. Explained variation was high (0·651), with soil chemistry, management and site explaining 0·271, 0·228 and 0·052 of the variation, respectively, and the interaction between soil and management explaining 0·100 of the variation. However, much of the measured soil chemistry was considered to be an effect of management. The soil chemistry variable explaining most variation was extractable P content, associated with high soil extractable P contents in the intensively cultivated grassland due to high fertilizer applications. However, soil extractable P content did not explain differences in species composition when grasslands with smaller differences in fertilizer inputs (meadows vs. pastures) were compared. Total soil C and N contents and C:N ratios explained significant variation between all grassland types. Lowest levels of these variables were measured in the grassland with the highest fertilizer inputs, suggesting that total soil N content cannot be used as a predictor of fertility. Significantly higher soil N contents were measured in grasslands of low productivity, probably due to a low decomposition rate of stress‐tolerant plants and the consequent low availability of soil N and accumulation of soil organic matter. Ellenberg N values reflected soil chemical differences in this study with high Ellenberg N values reflecting high Ca, Mg and P contents and pH values and low total C and N contents and C:N ratios. 相似文献
12.
Effects of Soil Salinity and Alkalinity on Grain Quality of Tolerant,Semi-Tolerant and Sensitive Rice Genotypes 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Soil salinity and alkalinity adversely affects the productivity and grain quality of rice.The grain quality of 19 rice genotypes characterized as salt tolerant (T),semi-tolerant (ST) and sensitive (S) was assessed in lysimeters containing saline and highly alkaline soils.Head rice recovery was reduced by salinity stress whereas it was not affected by alkalinity stress.The ratio of length to width (grain dimensions) was significantly reduced in the T genotype even at low electrical conductivity (EC,4 mS/cm) and alkalinity (pH 9.5),whereas in the ST genotype,it was significantly reduced at high salinity (EC 8 mS/cm).There was no significant effect of any levels of salinity or alkalinity on grain dimensions in the S genotype.Amylose content was significantly reduced in T and ST groups even at low EC (4 mS/cm) and alkalinity (pH 9.5) and the effect in the S genotype was only at high salinity.Starch content showed significant reduction at high salinity and alkalinity (EC 8 mS/cm and pH 9.8) in the T and ST genotypes and no significant effect was observed in the S genotype.The effect of both levels of salinity (EC 4 and 8 mS/cm) and high alkalinity (pH 9.8) on gel consistency was observed only in the S genotype.The tolerant genotypes IR36 under high salinity,and CSR10 and CSR11 under alkali stress showed less reduction in amylose content.The T genotype BR4-10,and ST genotypes CSR30,CSR29 and CSR13 showed better gel consistency under saline and alkali stress.Amylose content was affected even at low salinity stress and thus important to be considered in breeding rice for salt tolerance.Overall,the grain quality of T and ST genotypes was less affected by saline and alkali stress compared to S ones. 相似文献
13.
《Field Crops Research》1998,57(1):45-56
Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is often cultivated in sandy soils that are very low in nutrients and organic matter. Under such conditions, yields often decline when the crop is grown successively without fertilizer application. An 8-year on-farm trial was conducted on sandy soils in northern Colombia to study effects of (1) surface mulching with residues of the grass Panicum maximum, (2) moderate applications of N, P and K fertilizer and (3) tillage on crop productivity, root quality and soil properties. Mulch applications significantly increased root and top biomass, increased root dry matter content while reducing its yearly variation, and decreased root HCN, particularly in the absence of fertilizer. Mulch applications also significantly reduced soil temperatures within the top 20 cm and increased soil organic carbon, K, P, Ca and Mg. Without mulch, soil pH decreased over the years. Annual applications of 21 kg ha−1 P resulted in a build-up of soil P, whereas no build-up of soil K was observed with applications of 41 kg K ha−1. The application of N, P and K fertilizer significantly increased root and top biomass and reduced root HCN, especially if no mulch was applied. Where both mulch and fertilizer applications were absent, root yield and top biomass declined over the years. Tillage, except when combined with fertilizer application, had no effect on root yield, top biomass, root dry matter or HCN contents. Neither were effects of tillage observed in any of the studied soil parameters. The trial indicated that, to sustain cassava productivity in poor sandy soils, applications of plant mulch and/or chemical fertilizer are highly desirable. 相似文献
14.
《Plant Production Science》2013,16(3):253-259
AbstractPhysical and chemical properties of vegetable oils and consequently their use, depend on the composition of fatty acids that accumulate in storage lipids during seed development. The objective of this study was to determine the combined effects of seed development stages and organic matter content of soil on oil fatty acid composition of canola. The experiments were carried out under field conditions on four soils with different organic matter contents. To evaluate seed oil content and fatty acid composition of canola, we harvested plants at six growth stages (GS), GS 75, GS 79, GS 83, GS 87, GS 92 and GS 99 including development of seed, ripening and senescence. The synthesis of oil and fatty acids were largely influenced by seed maturity and soil type. Seeds had maximum content of stearic and palmitic acids at GS 75 (50% of pods reach final size). The seed yield, oil content of seeds and oleic acid percentage of seed oil significantly increased with increasing rate of soil organic matter in canola. This study addresses the organic matter content in poor soils should be ameliorated not only to obtain higher crop yields but also quality production. 相似文献
15.
《Plant Production Science》2013,16(4):491-500
AbstractRice has a vital role in food security but the production is limited in infertile and degraded soils. Rice is cultivated on acid sulphate soil in the coastal area of Peninsular Malaysia. Soil amendment using biological charcoal (biochar) increases the soil fertility. Thus, empty fruit bunch biochar (EFBB) was applied in a pot experiment under a controlled environment using an organic system of rice intensification (SRI) practice and its effects on the floodwater pH, acid sulphate soil properties and growth performance of rice and yield of rice MR219 were preliminarily investigated. EFBB increased grain yield by 141 to 472%. Plant growth and yield parameters in EFBB amended soils were significantly higher than in soil without biochar. The number of tillers increased significantly with the increase in biochar applied; 28 tillers were produced in the control, while up to 80 tillers were produced in the plots applied 40 t ha–1 EFBB. Moreover, the decline of Al3+ in flood water indicated that EFBB mitigated Al3+ toxicity. Soil water pH increased from 3.5 to 6 with increasing EFBB application rates. The grain yield was linearly correlated to the application rate of EFBB. This pot study demonstrates that the application of EFBB combined with organic fertilization and intermittent irrigation has the potential to improve rice yield on acid sulphate soil. Further study in the field is warranted to determine the effect of EFBB on large scale rice production. 相似文献
16.
针对海南文昌滨海台地3种森林类型(人促更新次生林、次生林、椰子林)林下枯落物现存量及土壤活性有机碳性状(有机碳、易氧化有机碳及轻组有机碳含量)进行了测定。结果如下:3种林型凋落物层现存量及总碳储量分别为:椰子林4.53、1.51 t/hm2;次生林1.76、0.65 t/hm2;人促更新次生林1.53、0.60 t/hm2;均为分解层(包括半分解层和全分解层)未分解层。1 m深土层深度内,3种林型土壤SOC、EOC及LFOC含量变化规律一致,均呈下降趋势,且不同林型不同土层间各组分含量差异显著(p0.05)。经相关性分析表明,土壤SOC、EOC及LFOC相互之间具有显著正相关。说明在土壤母质、土壤类型、气候条件基本一致条件下不同植被类型土壤碳库组分比例及变化规律相似,但土壤各组分含量大小各异,从土层分布情况来看,林下凋落物质量和人为因素是碳储量关键影响因子。 相似文献
17.
云南澜沧县景迈古茶园土壤养分和土壤酶活性研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
云南省分布着大量的古茶园,被认为是普洱茶的起源。澜沧县景迈古茶园是典型的栽培型古茶园,在古茶园区内大平掌处选择相邻的古茶园、台地茶园和天然林三种利用类型的土壤,进行了土壤养分和土壤酶活性的调查。结果表明:三种类型的土壤都呈明显的酸性,土壤pH在3.80~3.91,茶园土壤的酸度相对更低;三种类型的土壤主要养分含量和酶活性在表层0~20cm都比下层20~40cm高,但Mg、Al和K无明显的垂直分布;三者有机质含量都很高,有机质和氮的含量分布为台地茶园<古茶园<天然林,而磷含量为古茶园最高;土壤酶活性的差异与养分的差异不一致,不同的酶活性在三种土壤中的大小规律不一样;土壤pH与金属元素相关性显著,氮元素与其它养分相关性最强,养分与土壤酶活性有显著相关性,尤其是C、N、P和K等主要营养元素。 相似文献
18.
土壤质地对小麦旗叶部分生理活性的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了给小麦高产优质栽培和生态区划提供依据,在黏、壤、砂三种土壤质地池栽条件下对豫麦49旗叶硝酸还原酶活性、全氮含量、可溶性蛋白含量、可溶性糖含量的变化进行了研究.结果表明,旗叶硝酸还原酶活性在开花15 d之后砂土地均低于其他两种土壤质地,黏土条件下种植的较高;旗叶可溶性糖含量表现为砂土>黏土>壤土;旗叶可溶性蛋白含量开花15 d之后及整个灌浆期间旗叶全氮含量均表现为黏土>壤土>砂土;花后35 d至成熟粒重表现为壤土>砂土>黏土,成熟时粒重为壤土46.10 mg,砂土43.59 mg,黏土41.05 mg. 相似文献
19.
土壤因子与小粒咖啡品质产量形成关系研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
土壤因子是影响小粒咖啡品质产量的主要因子。本研究通过对土壤因子进行相关性分析、改进的灰色关联分析、通径分析及多元线性回归分析,明确影响小粒咖啡品质和产量的主要因子,以指导科学施肥。结果表明:小粒咖啡咖啡因含量的土壤决定因子为海拔（-0.296*）,总糖含量的土壤决定因子为有机质（0.607**）和速效磷（-0.232*）,蛋白质的土壤决定因子为pH（-0.387**）和有机质（0.227*）,灰分含量的土壤决定因子为速效磷（0.334**）,水溶性浸出物含量的土壤决定因子为海拔（-0.494**）,脂肪含量的土壤决定因子为碱解氮（-0.461**）,产量的土壤决定因子为速效钾（0.339**）和有机质（0.248*）。研究结果可为小粒咖啡优质高产的土壤条件筛选和肥料的减施增效提供一定的理论基础,以期增强优质咖啡种质的适宜性和目的性。 相似文献
20.
Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) is an industrially important plant used for production of curcumin, oleoresin and essential oil. In the present study we examined the genetic diversity among turmeric accessions from 10 different agro-climatic regions comprising 5 cultivars and 55 accessions. Two DNA-based molecular marker techniques, viz., random amplified polymorphism DNA (RAPD) and inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) were used to assess the genetic diversity in turmeric genotypes. A total of 17 polymorphic primers (11 RAPDs and 6 ISSRs) were used in this study. RAPD analysis of 60 genotypes yielded 94 fragments of which 75 were polymorphic with an average of 6.83 polymorphic fragments per primer. Number of amplified fragments with RAPD primers ranged from 3 to 13 with the size of amplicons ranging from 230 to 3000 bp in size. The polymorphism ranged from 45 to 100 with an average of 91.4%. The 6 ISSR primers produced 66 bands across 60 genotypes of which 52 were polymorphic with an average of 8.6 polymorphic fragments per primer. The number of amplified bands varied from 1 to 14 with size of amplicons ranging from 200 to 2000 bp. The percentage of polymorphism using ISSR primers ranged from 83 to 100 with an average of 95.4%. Nei's dendrogram for 60 samples using both RAPD and ISSR markers demonstrated an extent of 62% correlation between the genetic similarity and geographical location. The result of Nei's genetic diversity (H) generated from the POP gene analysis shows relatively low genetic diversity in turmeric accessions of South eastern ghat (P7), Western undulating zone (P8) with 0.181 and 0.199 value whereas highest genetic diversity (0.257) has been observed in Western central table land (P9). Knowledge on the genetic diversity of turmeric from different agro-climatic regions can be used to future breeding programs for increased curcumin, oleoresin and essential oil production to meet the ever-increasing demand of turmeric for industrial and pharmaceutical uses. 相似文献