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莫利CMS是一种重要的细胞质雄性不育系统,在油菜杂种优势利用上具有重要应用价值,目前在印度的芥菜型油菜中得到广泛应用。为了将莫利CMS引入甘蓝型油菜,本研究通过甘蓝型油菜与芥菜型油菜莫利CMS材料进行杂交、多代回交自交获得莫利CMS的甘蓝型油菜材料。根据莫利不育胞质相关分子标记orf 108-O检测、花粉活力鉴定及自交结实情况进行选择,最终选出连续2代花粉活力低于3%且自交不结实的CGZ 909作为候选不育系材料;连续2代花粉活力大于90%且自交结实正常的CGZ 924、CGZ 925作为候选恢复系材料。候选恢复系材料给候选不育系材料授粉所得F1代自交结实正常,实现了莫利CMS在甘蓝型油菜中的三系配套。本研究为下一步基于莫利CMS的甘蓝型油菜杂种优势利用奠定了基础。 相似文献
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甘蓝型油菜隐性核不育系育性稳定、易转育且恢复源广,在油菜杂种优势利用中被广泛利用。对甘蓝型隐性核不育纯合两型系270AB转育为隐性核不育三系不育系270A°Bb的过程进行介绍,实现了三系配套,解决了两系繁种中需拔除50%可育株的问题,并选育出集优质、丰产、稳产、耐旱、抗病、广适于一体的配套新品种保油杂1号,在油菜生产中得到广泛推广应用,展现了油菜隐性核不育三系杂种优势利用广阔的前景。 相似文献
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利用细胞质雄性不育杂交种是当前油菜生产上最主要的杂种优势利用途径之一,也是提高油菜产量和改良油菜子粒品质的主要途径之一。H5A是周口师范学院选育的具有陕2A不育细胞质的甘蓝型油菜雄性不育系,具有不育性稳定彻底、开花习性好、异交结实率高、品质优、抗病性强、熟期早、制繁种产量高等优点,所配制的杂交种周油589在河南省2010—2013年度的油菜区域试验和生产试验中增产显著、品质优、抗性强、综合性状突出,于2014年1月通过河南省品种审定委员会审定（审定编号：豫审油2014001）。因此,H5A是一个综合性状优良的细胞质雄性不育系。 相似文献
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甘蓝型油菜胞质雄性不育系22A的遗传研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
甘蓝型双低油菜CMS22A是河南省农科院棉油所利用384A中的雄性不育源、采用单株成对连续回交的方法育成的新型双低油菜细胞质雄性不育系。其突出表现为雄性不育彻底且遗传稳定,配合力高,抗病抗倒,品质优良。对CMS22A育性遗传规律研究表明,该不育系属典型的败药型雄性不育系,其雄性不育的遗传受不育细胞质(S)和一对隐性核不育主效基因(rr)的共同控制,属孢子体不育,基因型为S(rr)。 相似文献
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高粱(Sorghum bicolor(L.)Moench)质核互作雄性不育类型有7种,即A1,A2,A3,A4,A5,A6和9E.对于雄性不育机理的研究以往都集中在A1类型上.本文运用SSR方法分析了高粱亲本622 A2,晋粱5号,它们的杂交种622 A2×晋粱5号,及其F2代323个单株的DNA,从60对SSR引物中筛选到与不育基因连锁的SSR标记Xtxp 65和Xtxp30,分别位于目的基因11.5 cM和20.0 cM处,其特异带型大小分别约为125 bp和250 bp.分子标记的有效利用有利于优良高粱不育系的选择,也为基于作图的基因分离奠定了基础. 相似文献
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Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is considered an efficient genetic tool in pearl millet hybrid breeding. Of the several CMS
sources available in pearl millet, A1 is the only CMS widely exploited to produce commercial hybrids in India. To explore the possibility of using alternate CMS
sources, we studied the cytoplasmic effects of different CMS sources on agronomic characters in pearl millet. Five CMS (A)
lines representing A1, A2, A3, A4 and A5 cytoplasms, their respective maintainer (B) lines and eight restorer (R) lines were used to generate 40 A × R and B × R experimental
crosses. The experimental material was evaluated at two different locations in India. Analysis of combining ability and heterosis
revealed that A4 and A5 cytoplasms had desirable effects for earliness. The A5 CMS was found to be particularly promising, as compared to other CMS sources for improving grain yield. The study also indicated
that the cytoplasmic effects on general combining ability (GCA) for various agronomic characters were largely non-significant.
However, cytoplasmic effects on specific combining ability and heterosis were found to be modulated by cytoplasmic-nuclear
interactions and influenced by the environmental conditions. The study also demonstrated the advantage of utilizing diverse
male-sterile and restorer combinations in maximizing the productivity as well as for genetic and cytoplasmic diversification
of hybrids in pearl millet. 相似文献
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Studies on "Three Line" Polima Cytoplasmic Male Sterility Developed in Brassica napus L. 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Polima CMS lines can be divided into three groups according to the sensitivity of male sterility to temperature: 1) high temperature CMS lines (62.9%), 2) low temperature CMS lines (28.6 %) and 3) stable CMS lines (8.5 %). The heterosis of Pol CMS hybrids is evident and common in some of the characters tested, especially in plant seed yield and siliqua number. The cytoplasm has no deleterious effects on the FI characters tested. 相似文献
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苏南地区晚熟粳稻杂种优势及其亲本配合力分析 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
用7个BT型晚粳不育系和7个粳稻恢复系按NCⅡ交配设计配成49个杂交组合，研究10个重要农艺性状的杂种优势及亲本的配合力。结果表明,各性状的优势有正有负，其中每穗总粒数的优势最为明显，竞争优势和超高亲优势平均值分别为22.6%和8.6%；产量性状的超高亲优势最大，平均值为9.5%，变幅为－38.0%～43.9%，竞争优势平均值变幅为－54.8%～10.3%。在产量性状上配合力较优的不育系有852-77A、后36A和9522A，恢复系有161-10、3402、HP121，优良组合有9522A/161-10、9522A/C166、852-77A/3402。 相似文献
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利用“两系”进行谷子杂种优势制杂交种时,不育系抽穗期和开花期常较恢复系早,二者只有错期播种才可在花期相遇并杂交结实。通过改良现有不育系与抗除草剂恢复系抽穗期和开花期,选育出符合谷子“两系”改良育种目标的优良高度雄性不育系3个（Y1A、Y2A和Y3A）及抗除草剂拿捕净恢复系5个（K17-1、K18-49、K18-54、K18-62和K18-70）,按NCII不完全双列杂交组配15个组合,分析亲本和杂交组合配合力、超亲优势及超标优势,预测其杂种优势。结果显示,亲本的配合力各不相同,有不同优良农艺性状选择方面利用价值;杂交组合间各性状超亲优势和超标优势表现存在差异,但杂种优势无关联、无规律性,分析预测亲本存在杂种优势。同时,“两系”亲本各自性状表现优良,选出的杂交组合Y3A×K18-49具有强杂种优势,可作为苗头杂交种继续进行杂种优势育种。本研究结果为谷子杂交种制种提供了可同期播种的“两系”亲本及苗头优良杂交种,简化了谷子杂交制种环节。 相似文献
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Paired A- and B-lines, cytoplasmic male-sterile (CMS)-lines and main-tainer lines, respectively, were crossed with R-lines (restorer) to produce A × R, R × B and B × R hybrids, which were used in 1993 and 1996 to predict the performance of three lypes of CMS cotton lines available in China. A significant difference in yield and yield components was revealed between paired A × R and B × R hybrids. This difference was greatly influenced by both CMS cytoplasm and the interaction between cytoplasm and nuclear genotypes. It is suggested that there are detrimental effects of CMS cytoplasm on yield and yield components. General combining ability of near-isogenic CMS lines was also affected by this negative effect. The detrimental effect was closely related to an increased number of immature seeds per boll, which might be caused by partial female sterility associated with CMS cytoplasm. The possibility of developing specific combinations of CMS Upland × Upland restorer hybrids that express enough heterosis for yield to overcome the detrimental effect of the CMS cytoplasm is discussed. 相似文献
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甜菜杂种优势研究进展 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
杂种优势利用是提高作物产量及品质的有效途径。20世纪初,主要用显性和超显性两种假说解释杂种优势。随着现代生物学的发展,对杂种优势现象的研究更加深入。笔者从活性基因效应与杂种优势、遗传距离与杂种优势、遗传连锁图谱构建与杂种优势及数量性状基因位点（QTL）与杂种优势四个方面概括了国内外甜菜杂种优势遗传基础的新见解。从甜菜杂种优势育种理论、雄性不育系（MS系)、自交系的选育及甜菜雄性不育品种的选育等方面综述了目前甜菜杂种优势利用的研究进展,并对未来甜菜杂种优势育种的研究方向进行了展望。 相似文献