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通过典型抽样法,对四川省卧龙自然保护区邓生阴坡的的岷江冷杉原始林进行了分布以及种群特征的调查研究。结果表明,在卧龙自然保护区,岷江冷杉林主要分布在湿润的阴坡或半阴坡,常形成多种群落类型,并能从海拔2 700 m的坡底连绵成片分布到海拔3 800 m的林线;主要有6类群落,分别为岷江冷杉-华西箭竹林、岷江冷杉-峨眉玉山竹林、岷江冷杉-冷箭竹林、岷江冷杉-大叶金顶杜鹃林、岷江冷杉-星毛杜鹃林和岷江冷杉-无柄杜鹃林。研究区岷江冷杉相同径级的树高随着海拔的升高却逐渐变矮,在海拔2 700 m、2 900 m、3 100 m和3 300 m的岷江冷杉种群属于增长型的年龄结构,海拔3 600 m岷江冷杉种群属于稳定型的年龄结构;岷江冷杉林剧烈的种间竞争发生在森林底层或下层,海拔2 700 m~3 200 m间岷江冷杉种群的主要竞争对象是华西箭竹,海拔3 200 m~3 600 m的范围的主要竞争对象是大叶金顶杜鹃和无柄杜鹃,影响岷江冷杉种群繁殖与更新;岷江冷杉种群常遭受病虫兽害和风灾与雪灾,影响岷江冷杉种群生长发育和造成数量减小。 相似文献
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《四川林业科技》2017,(2)
凋落物和土壤非毛管孔隙持水能力是计算植被群落水源涵养功能的重要组分。本文以理县杂谷脑河流域熊耳村的岷江柏人工林、刺槐人工林、油松人工林、黄栌次生林、杨柳阔叶林、云冷杉林、高山栎林、蔷薇灌草丛和沙棘灌丛为研究对象,分析了上述9种植被群落枯落物和土壤0~40 cm的非毛管孔隙持水量。结果表明,单位面积的枯落物现存量最大的是云冷杉林(34.53 t·hm~(-2)),最小的是岷江柏人工幼龄林(1.37 t·hm~(-2)),9种植被群落枯落物总持水量约27 099 t;单位面积的土壤非毛管孔隙持水总量最大的是高山栎林(905.3 t·hm~(-2)),而持水量最小的是蔷薇灌草丛(227.9 t·hm~(-2)),9种植被群落土壤非毛管孔隙持水总量约为331 751 t;熊耳村686.8 hm~2植被群落枯落物和土壤非毛管持水总量约358 850 t,水源涵养价值约219.3万元。 相似文献
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采用典型样带调查法,在卧龙自然保护区邓生阴坡的岷江冷杉天然林内设置不同海拔梯度的样带,分析岷江冷杉天然林的生物多样性随海拔梯度的响应规律。研究结果表明:岷江冷杉天然林乔木和草本植物的物种丰富度、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数和均优丰多样性指数随着海拔升高呈下降趋势,而生态优势度指数呈上升趋势;灌木种随着海拔梯度上升物种丰富度下降,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数和均优丰多样性指数则呈现出先降低后升高的趋势,生态优势度指数的变化与之相反;群落所有植物的α多样性随海拔梯度的变化规律与乔木层一致。从β多样性变化来看:随着海拔上升,岷江冷杉林内乔木、草本和所有群落所有植物的相异系数CD和Cody指数均呈下降趋势;而灌木层因为物种数和优势种的改变形成β多样性的双峰变化,这与灌木植物的实际分布是相符的。群落整体的物种差异和更替速率受物种数较多的植被类型影响较大,随海拔升高呈逐渐减小趋势。 相似文献
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【目的】探讨川西亚高山地区各海拔生境处岷江冷杉和紫果云杉径向生长对气候因子的响应,为进一步揭示当地森林对气候变化的响应机制提供依据。【方法】分别获取王朗自然保护区中海拔与高海拔生境处岷江冷杉和紫果云杉的标准年表,分析年表同气候因子间的关系。【结果】中海拔生境处岷江冷杉生长在1990年后与年均气温存在一定程度的“分离效应”;中海拔生境处岷江冷杉和紫果云杉生长与上年生长季(上年7月和8月)气温和上年生长季末(上年10月)降水量显著负相关( P <0.05),岷江冷杉生长与当年9月气温和降水量显著负相关( P <0.05),紫果云杉生长与当年2、6月月均最低气温显著正相关( P <0.05);高海拔生境处岷江冷杉和紫果云杉生长均与当年生长季前(上年11月、当年1月、当年2月)、当年生长季(当年7月)和上年生长季(上年6月)气温显著正相关( P <0.05),岷江冷杉生长还与当年6月份的降水量及上年8月份的气温显著负相关( P <0.05);滑动相关分析和年表特征年气候分析结果充分印证了各年表对月气候因子响应的可靠性。【结论】上年生长季气温的“滞后效应”对中海拔生境处的岷江冷杉、紫果云杉以及高海拔生境处的岷江冷杉生长均有显著影响;近几十年来,上年生长季末降水对中海拔生境处的岷江冷杉、紫果云杉以及高海拔生境处的紫果云杉生长都具有稳定而显著的抑制作用。 相似文献
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以长白山主要支脉张广才岭和哈达岭山系为研究对象,通过对各林分类型凋落物现存量及其组成分析,探讨不同林分类型凋落物现存量的差异.结果表明,天然林凋落物平均现存量为5.97 t/hm2;人工林凋落物平均现存量为5.96 t/hm2;在天然林各调查群落中,阔叶混交林和落叶阔叶纯林面积占有较大比例,凋落物平均现存量分别为6.11和5.99 t/hm2;其针叶混交林面积最小,平均现存量仅为2.74 t/hm2;在人工林各调查群落中,针叶纯林面积最大,平均现存量为6.09 t/hm2;针阔混交林面积最小,平均现存量为5.76 t/hm2.在人工林、天然林未分解层各组分中,均表现出凋落叶(阔叶+针叶)>凋落枝(阔枝+针枝)>杂物的趋势. 相似文献
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【目的】研究气候变化背景下青藏高原东缘典型优势树种岷江冷杉的分异现象与坡向和海拔的空间关联，揭示该地区岷江冷杉发生分异的原因和响应机制。【方法】采用树木年轮方法，在青藏高原东缘米亚罗林区岷江冷杉4个主要分布坡向(东北、北、西北、西)的3个海拔梯度(3 650、3 800和3 950 m)采集875根岷江冷杉的树芯，去除生长趋势后建立12个基于地形点位的岷江冷杉标准年表。利用回归分析方法研究岷江冷杉径向生长与增温的分异现象，应用Pearson相关分析和滑动相关分方法分析1955—2019年岷江冷杉径向生长与气候因子的相关性及其动态变化。【结果】1) 4个坡向林线岷江冷杉径向生长均未发生分异，西坡未出现分异，北坡、西北坡中低海拔和东北坡低海拔均与增温趋势表现出分异。2)在5个发生分异的样点中，中低海拔北坡和低海拔西北坡岷江冷杉的径向生长与生长季(6月)降水呈显著负相关(P<0.05)；中海拔北坡和西北坡分别与前一年9月降水和10月温度呈显著负相关(P<0.05)；低海拔北坡与4月和9月温度呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。3) 1955—2019年，中海拔北坡岷江冷杉径向生长... 相似文献
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《西部林业科学》2015,(2)
以王朗国家自然保护区原始的岷江冷杉林为研究对象,调查了1 hm2样地的乔木数据,研究了岷江冷杉林乔木层树种的重要值,运用Ripley’s K函数分析了岷江冷杉林优势种与主要伴生种的空间格局。结果表明,(1)岷江冷杉在群落中占据绝对优势,紫果云杉、方枝圆柏、桦树和槭树为主要伴生种。(2)5个主要树种的空间格局主要为聚集分布,聚集强度随着尺度增大,先增大后减小或者先增大然后趋于随机分布。(3)岷江冷杉和紫果云杉的空间关系为相互独立;岷江冷杉与方枝圆柏和槭树在小尺度上(分别为8~13 m和2~19 m)表现为显著负相关关系;岷江冷杉和桦树在2~29 m的尺度下呈显著正相关。5个树种的聚集分布特征以及岷江冷杉与4个伴生种空间关联的多样性体现了物种的生物学特性、更新方式和不同的生境需求。结合树种特性、更新机制和空间格局特征,可对群落进行适度的抚育,以维持岷江冷杉林的群落稳定。 相似文献
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马尾松林下补植阔叶树后森林凋落物量、养分含量及周转时间的变化 总被引：21，自引：1，他引：20
在25年生的马尾松林下分别补植拉氏栲、青栲、闽粤栲、格氏栲和苦槠,形成针阔混交异龄林。补植16年后,对上述5种混交林类型及马尾松纯林的森林凋落物量、养分含量及周转时间进行研究。上述5个混交群落和马尾松纯林的年凋落物量分别为6149·1、7533·2、6741·1、7151·5、8041·7和3442·8kg·hm-2。各混交群落总凋落物量的季节动态呈双峰型,第1次峰值出现在2—4月份,第2次峰值出现在8、9月份。在凋落物组成中,枯叶占绝对优势,占凋落物总量的50%~71%,其余依次为枯枝6%~26%、树皮9%~19%、果实和其他组分5%~17%。各混交群落中来自马尾松的凋落物占50%~58%,来自阔叶树的凋落物占42%~50%,且两者的组成有明显差异。凋落物各组分的养分含量存在较大差异,N、P、K、Ca、Mg的含量范围分别为3·25~12·98、0·24~0·97、0·37~6·55、12·77~35·40、2·35~6·10g·kg-1。各林分类型凋落物中养分元素的年归还总量为Ca>N>Mg>K>P。5个混交林群落及马尾松纯林凋落物中的养分年归还总量分别为238·05、213·77、223·93、289·90、304·12和142·01kg·hm-2。6个群落的森林地被物现存量分别为8448·0、15565·8、11993·7、12718·6、6974·2和5020·0kg·hm-2,其中L层在各群落中所占比例分别为47·2%、59·6%、51·3%、61·0%、85·4%及86·3%,平均为61·7%。森林地被物中各养分元素的含量在群落和组分之间存在明显差异,但总的趋势表现为Ca>N>Mg>K>P。最后,通过对年凋落量和林地凋落物积累量的比较分析,上述6个群落的凋落物周转时间预测值依次为0·76、1·42、0·97、1·17、0·84及1·52年,其中枯枝的周转时间明显大于枯叶,且马尾松的枯叶和枯枝的周转时间普遍大于阔叶树。 相似文献
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通过测定杉木人工林群落的生物量和各组分的热值,探讨了该群落净初级生产的能量积累和分布.结果表明该群落能量现存量为17 553×108～15 485×108 J/hm2;各组分或器官的热值含量变化范围为17.36～21.04 kJ/g,其中以花果、凋落物和叶的能量含量较高,树干居中,而树皮、根、枝的能量含量较少;不同组分或器官的能量现存量差异较大,其大小顺序为树干＞根＞叶＞枝＞凋落物＞地被物地上部分＞地被物地下部分;群落地上部分与地下部分能量的比值为4∶1,垂直层次中能量分布按由大到小的顺序排列为乔木层＞根系层＞凋落物＞地被物;群落能量现存量的间伐损失量一般随抚育间伐强度的增大而增加,当抚育间伐强度小于50%时,损失量一般不超过能量现存量的1/3. 相似文献
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川西亚高山天然次生林是西南亚高山林区水源涵养林的主要森林类型,在该区域森林生态系统的碳收支上有重要的作用。本文采用干筛法和重铬酸钾氧化-外加热法对不同演替阶段的次生林土壤结构及有机碳分布特征进行了研究,研究发现本区域各演替阶段次生林的土壤团聚性均比较强,大团聚体的含量为冷杉+桦木混交林最高,且大团聚体的形成与有机质含量呈负相关。有机碳的含量主要是存在于大团聚体中,以>5 mm粒径的土壤团聚体有机碳贡献率最高,表现为桦木+冷杉混交林>冷杉原始林>桦木林,且有机碳含量与土壤氮含量呈正相关。虽然冷杉原始林大团聚体含量较冷杉+桦木混交林低,但有机碳总含量最高。微团聚体含量随演替阶段的升高呈升高趋势,有机碳的含量随团聚体粒径减小而基本呈增加趋势,比较不同团聚体有机碳含量与贡献率发现,虽然<0.25 mm粒径的有机碳含量高但是贡献率低,说明微团聚体对有机碳的保护力更强,且桦木+冷杉混交林>桦木林>冷杉原始林。 相似文献
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Carbon Return and Dynamics of Litterfall in Natural Forest and Monoculture Plantation of Castanopsis kawakamii in Subtropical China 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Guo Jianfen Xie Jinsheng Lu Haoliang Liu Dongxia Yang Yusheng Chen Guangshui 《中国林学(英文版)》2004,6(1):33-36
The amount of carbon returned through litterfall and its seasonal pattern were studied in a natural forest of Castanopsis kawakamii (NF) and adjacent monoculture plantations of C. kawakamii (CK) and Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) (CF) in Sanming, Fujian Province, China. Mean annual carbon return through total litterfall over 3 years (from 1999 to 2001) was 5.097 t穐m2 in the NF, 4.337 t穐m2 in the CK and 2.502 t穐m2 in the CF respectively. Of the total carbon return in the three forests, leaf contribution accounted for 58.96%, 68.53% and 56.12% and twig 24.41%, 22.34% and 26.18%, respectively. The seasonal patterns of carbon return from total litterfall and leaf-litter were quite similar among the three forests. A peak of carbon input from litterfall in the NF and the CK occurred in spring except for the highest annual C return through branch litter of the NF in summer, while the CF showed the maximum C return in summer. The results of this study demonstrate that the natural forest has a greater C return through litterfall than monoculture plantations, which is beneficial to the increase of soil organic matter storage and the maintenance of soil fertility. 相似文献
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凋落物是森林生态系统的重要组成部分,其分解过程是森林生态系统养分循环的重要环节。准确测定凋落物的分解动态,对研究森林生态系统的格局和过程非常重要。本文的工作在贡嘎山高山生态系统观测试验站开展,对海拔3 000 m的峨眉冷杉(Abies fabri)林进行定位观测,并对峨眉冷杉林凋落物分解过程进行了长期测定。研究结果表明:(1)凋落物的分解速率是阔叶>针叶>枯枝,峨眉冷杉林的阔叶、针叶和枯枝等凋落物分解一半所需要的时间分别为6.8年、10.5年和14.5年,分解95%所需时间分别为29.3年、45.6年和63.1年;(2)无论阔叶还是针叶、枯枝,其有机碳含量均随着时间的推移而下降,而有机碳分解率均随着时间而增高;利用指数衰减模型,获得凋落物有机碳的分解系数是阔叶>针叶>枯枝;(3)在每年凋落物输入峨眉冷杉林林地时,其中的阔叶、针叶和枯枝已经开始分解,当年可释放的有机碳分别为52.18 kg·hm^-2、4.32 kg·hm^-2和0.67 kg·hm^-2,各类凋落物每年有机碳释放总量为61.13 kg·hm^-2,占凋落时有机碳量的6.58%。 相似文献
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通过对杉木、观光木混交林及杉木纯林群落凋落物的能量年归还量及能流的季节变化进行研究 ,结果表明 ,混交林凋落物的能流量达 12 .6 4 8× 10 6J·m-2 ,比纯林的高 4 .2 % ;在各目的树种凋落物组成中 ,落叶能流量均占大部分 ;混交林和纯林群落太阳能进入凋落物的转化效率分别为 0 5 6 %和0 5 4 % .混交林和纯林中杉木凋落物能流一年中分别在 3,8和 12月出现 3个高峰 ,其中落叶、落枝、落花和落果能流的月变化与之相似 ,这与杉木的小枝整体凋落方式有关 ;混交林中观光木凋落物能流在1,5和 8月出现高峰 ,其中落叶和落枝能流月变化与之相似 ,但落花能流仅出现在 3～ 5月 ,而落果仅发生在 1月和 3月 .各群落凋落物能流月变化模式与其中杉木凋落物能流变化模式基本一致 .混交林和纯林凋落物能流的季节变化为春季 >冬季 >夏季 >秋季 ,但混交林凋落物能流量季节间变动小于纯林的 . 相似文献
15.
为阐明以白桦（Betulaplatyphylla）、岷江冷杉（Abieefaxonianan）、紫果云杉（Piceapurpurea）为优势种的典型川西亚高山森林小气候特征,利用3套全自动小气候仪连续测定了3个生长季节（2002～2004年的5月～10月）的小气候变量。结果表明：1）白桦林（BF）、岷江冷杉林（vr）和紫果云杉林（SF）内的太阳辐射日进程、日总量和月总量差异显著;2）生长季节内,BF、sF和FF林内的太阳辐射总量分别占林外太阳辐射总量的47．66（±9．08）％、20．65（±1．74）％和11．42（±4．01）％;3）BF、SF和FF林内空气温度和土壤温度的日进程、日平均和月平均值差异显著;4）BF、SF和FF林内的日平均空气温度和土壤温度与林冠下太阳辐射日积累量没有显著的线性关系;5）BF、FF和SF林内空气温度与土壤温度以及土壤不同层次温度之间有显著的线性关系;6）生长季节内（总184d）,BF、FF和SF内的空气日平均温度〉14．0℃的天数分别为150d、148d和125d,林下土壤5cm的日平均温度≥4．0℃的天数分别为184d、184d和151d,而土壤15cm的日平均温度≥4．0℃的天数分别为184d、184d和145d。 相似文献
16.
Patterns of litterfall and nutrient return at different altitudes in evergreen hardwood forests of Central Taiwan 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Background
This study was designed to evaluate the internal nutrient cycling of litterfall in different elevation subtropical forests of Central Taiwan.Methods
The litterfall of evergreen hardwoods at three elevations, specifically Mt. Peitungyen (2,078?m), Hui-Sun experimental forest (HSEF) (1,066?m), and Lienhauchi (782?m) in central Taiwan, was collected monthly using traps and sorted into leaves, twigs, reproductive litter, and miscellaneous material. In addition, the litter on the forest floor was collected trimonthly. All the samples were weighed and measured for C, N, P, K, Ca, and Mg concentrations and fluxes from March 2009 to February 2010.Results
The annual litterfall productions were 6.58, 8.24, and 9.17?Mg?ha?1?year?1 at Mt. Peitungyen, HSEF, and Lienhauchi, respectively. At more than 60?%, leaves were the main component of the total litterfall. There was smallest decomposition constant (0.487) at Mt. Peitungyen. The nutrient fluxes increased as elevation decreased. The litterfall correlated positively with rainfall at Lienhauchi, with temperature at HSEF, and with temperature and rainfall at Mt. Peitungyen.Conclusion
The annual litterfall decreased with an increase in elevation. The turnover rate was faster at HSEF than at Mt. Peitungyen. Thus, the forest managers should pay more attention to understand and monitor plant community responses to global warming and nutrient loss. 相似文献17.
The study was conducted to improve our understanding of the effects of forest disturbance on litterfall and patterns of nutrient
return in three subalpine forest ecosystems (i.e. Betula utilis-dominated, Abies pindrow-dominated, and Acer mixed broadleaf) of Indian west Himalaya. Total litterfall (t ha−1 yr−1) ranged between 2.6–3.6 and 2.1–2.6 for pristine and degraded stands, respectively. Whereas total litterfall decrease from
pristine to degraded stand was about 25–30% in B. utilis and Acer mixed-broadleaf forests, the level of disturbance did not affect total litterfall in A. pindrow (coniferous) forest. Nutrient (N, P, and K) concentrations in litter components of the forests studied also varied across
forest types and disturbance intensities. For pristine stands, among all the forests, return of total nutrients via litterfall
was higher. The study revealed that patterns of litterfall and nutrient return in the forests studied were sensitive to intensity
of disturbance, although sensitivity varied among forest types and nutrient contents. Increased intensity of disturbance greatly
affected the total annual amount of nutrient return in broadleaf forests. Maximum impact was recorded in B. utilis forest with a significant decline in nutrient return from pristine to degraded stands (i.e. 64% for N, 38% for P, and 67%
for K). Corresponding values for decline in Acer mixed forest were 17, 13, and 33% for N, P, and K, respectively, whereas in A. Pindrow forest N return was 15% higher and P return was 33% lower. This study indicates that the litterfall and litter nutrient concentrations
in these forests are sensitive to the intensity of disturbance, which affects the amount of nutrient return. This will have
a strong bearing on forest nutrient cycling. 相似文献
18.
以贡嘎山国家级自然保护区中峨眉冷杉(Abies fabri)林为研究对象,采用LI-6400-09便携式土壤呼吸室对其土壤呼吸速率进行了连续定位观测。结果表明:(1)峨眉冷杉成熟林和中龄林的土壤呼吸速率和土壤温度在各个月份存在差异;(2)两种林分的土壤呼吸速率具有明显的季节变化特征,表现为夏季>秋季>春季>冬季;成熟林的月平均土壤呼吸速率在0.82μmol·s-1·m-2～5.88μmol·s-1·m-2之间,季节变差系数为50.6%,中龄林的月平均土壤呼吸速率在0.52μmol·s-1·m-2～3.52μmol·s-1·m-2之间,季节变差系数为48.5%;(3)两种林分的土壤呼吸速率季节变化与土壤5 cm温度呈显著性正相关;(4)峨眉冷杉成熟林和中龄林土壤CO_2释放率的Q10值分别为3.2和2.6,峨眉冷杉成熟林土壤呼吸对温度的敏感性指数要大于中龄林。 相似文献
19.
Ji Young An Si Ho Han Woo Bin Youn Sang Ick Lee Afroja Rahman Huong Thi Thuy Dao Jeong Min Seo Aung Aung Hyung-Soon Choi Hwa Ja Hyun Byung Bae Park 《林业研究》2020,31(3):945-952
Litterfall, which is influenced by physical and biological factors, is a major pathway for carbon and nutrient cycling in forest ecosystems. The purpose of this study was to investigate monthly litterfall production in three forests in Jeju Island differentiated by forest composition and precipitation: Cheongsu(Quercus glauca as the dominant species;low precipitation), Seonheulb(Q. glauca as the dominant species;high precipitation), and Seonheulm(Q. glauca and Pinus thunbergii as the dominant species;high precipitation). Litterfall was collected monthly from April to December 2015 and divided into leaf litter, twig, bark, seeds, and unidentified materials.Seasonal patterns of litterfall production varied across stands according to their species composition. However,the amount of leaf litterfall and total litterfall were comparable among stands, ranging from 362 to 375 g m-2 for leaf litter and 524 g m-2 to 580 g m-2 for total litterfall.Oak leaf litter in May was the highest in all stands, while needle litter was the highest in December in Seonheulm.High twig litterfall in July may be attributable to high rainfall with strong winds and storms during the rainy season. Although forest type and climate factor had no influence on litterfall amounts in this study, the pattern of litterfall production was species dependent, suggesting diverse effects on carbon and nutrient cycling in these forests. 相似文献
20.
Guo Jianfen Xie Jinsheng Lu Haoliang Liu Dongxia Yang Yusheng Chen Guangshui 《中国林学(英文版)》2004,6(1):33-36
The amount of carbon returned through litterfall and its seasonal pattern were studied in a natural forest of Castanopsis kawakamii (NF) and adjacent monoculture plantations of C. kawakamii (CK) and Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) (CF) in Sanming, Fujian Province, China. Mean annual carbon return through total litterfall over 3 years (from 1999 to 2001)
was 5.097 t·hm−2 in the NF, 4.337 t·hm−2 in the CK and 2.502 t·hm−2 in the CF respectively. Of the total carbon return in the three forests, leaf contribution accounted for 58.96%, 68.53% and
56.12% and twig 24.41%, 22.34% and 26.18%, respectively. The seasonal patterns of carbon return from total litterfall and
leaf-litter were quite similar among the three forests. A peak of carbon input from litterfall in the NF and the CK occurred
in spring except for the highest annual C return through branch litter of the NF in summer, while the CF showed the maximum
C return in summer. The results of this study demonstrate that the natural forest has a greater C return through litterfall
than monoculture plantations, which is beneficial to the increase of soil organic matter storage and the maintenance of soil
fertility.
[Supported by the Teaching and Research Award Program of MOE P.R.C. (TRAPOYT) and the Key Basic Research Project of Fujian
Province (2000F004)] 相似文献