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1.
鸭黄曲霉毒素中毒是由于饲料或者饲料原料（如玉米、小麦、麸皮、豆粕、花生粕、鱼粉等占用比例较大的原料）在潮湿季节中保存不当引起了霉变，产生黄曲霉毒素，鸭吃了含有黄曲霉毒素的饲料，即发生该病。在各种黄曲霉中， 相似文献
2.
1常见的霉菌和霉菌毒素
霉菌通常污染饲料或饲料原料,在其中生长并产生二级代谢产物——霉菌毒素。产毒霉菌主要有3个属,曲霉菌、青霉菌和镰刀菌,而霉菌毒素目前已发现超过350种。常见的霉菌毒素有黄曲霉毒素（AF）、玉米赤霉烯酮（ZEA）、T-2毒素、呕吐毒素（DON）、赭曲霉毒素（OT）、烟曲霉毒素（FUM）等。其中对猪危害最大的是黄曲霉毒素、玉米赤霉烯酮和呕吐毒素。家禽饲料中,自然状况下发生率最高且致害作用最严重的是黄曲霉毒素和单端孢霉烯族毒素。 相似文献
3.
正黄曲霉毒素是一种毒性极强的物质,被世界卫生组织的癌症研究机构列为Ⅰ类致癌物。黄曲霉毒素对家禽生产性能的影响主要表现为采食量下降、增重减缓,严重时引起生长发育受阻、发病死亡等。研究表明,黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)最为常见,其毒性也最强。雏鸭是对AFB1较为敏感的动物之一。引起鸭只黄曲霉毒素中毒主要是由于饲料和饲料原料的过期、变质。如:玉米、小麦、麸皮、豆粕、鱼粉等所占比例较大的原料,在潮湿季节中保存不当引起的霉 相似文献
4.
禽饲料含有多种高比例的植物性饲料原料，一旦受到霉污，严重危害畜禽健康。霉菌毒素进入禽体器官，首先影响消化作用，进而破坏专门的器官或系统(例如，许多毒素破坏体内蛋白质的合成)。1 黄曲霉毒素中毒所有的畜禽种类和人类对黄曲霉毒素都是敏感的，毒力最强的是B1、B2、G1、G2毒素，并有致癌作用，以雏鸭敏感性最高，鸡、火鸡、野鸡和其他水禽也易感染。鸡感染后表现缺乏食欲、困乏、虚弱、运动失调。病理研究揭示，中毒病变以肿胀为主，可见肝表面肿大变黄、肾肿、心包积水，皮下有渗出物。黄曲霉毒素不易被破坏。如果仓贮被产毒黄曲… 相似文献
5.
黄曲霉毒素中毒病是由黄曲霉毒素引发的一种霉菌中毒病。目前已知黄曲霉毒素是几种毒素的混合物,其中以Bl产生最多,毒性最强;适合产毒条件的温度是12～42C,最适的水份活性值（AW）为0．93～0．98;适合生存的培养基有粮食、食品、饲料,其中玉米、花生饼污染率最高;黄曲霉菌在含水分18．5％的玉米上生长,于第3天开始产毒,第Ic天产毒量达高峰。黄曲霉毒素对北京鸭、火鸡、猪以及人类的致病已有报道。笔者现将屠宰检疫中发现黄曲霉毒素对番鸭致病的有关情况初报如下：1发病情况据我站从1994～1997年来自本市产地番鸭的屠宰检疫统计、… 相似文献
6.
从西北地区１０个规模化饲料加工厂采集１２６份饲料原料及其产品，经霉菌学检验污染率为９６．８％，从样品分离的霉菌鉴定为９个个属２２个种，在优势菌中常见产毒素菌少。经霉菌学检验，１２６份样品中的１１７份属轻度霉菌污染，其中８５．７％的饲料原料和８５．７％的饲料原料产品可喂畜禽。在调查的１０个饲料加工厂的饲料，仓储条件差。７个大中型畜禽饲料场的饲料场的饲料跟踪调查，饲料产吕喂畜禽安全。９份黄曲霉群优势的 相似文献
7.
霉菌毒素进入动物体内后,能迅速破坏畜禽肝脏、肾脏等主要代谢解毒器官,降低其免疫力及对疾病的抵抗力。为了解饲料企业使用的植物性饲料原料中黄曲霉毒素B1的污染情况,集中采集了8个饲料企业18个品种41份植物性饲料原料样品,采用液相色谱—串联质谱法检测黄曲霉毒素B1,从调查情况和检测结果看,黄曲霉毒素B1在植物性饲料原料中普遍存在。针对该问题,提出具体的控制植物性饲料原料质量的建议,以期为饲料企业提供参考。 相似文献
8.
黄曲霉毒素广泛存在于天然谷物中,给食品、饲料行业造成严重危害,严重威胁畜禽和人类健康.主要介绍黄曲霉毒素的特点、理化性质、分布、作用机理、饲料及饲料原料中污染状况、限量标准及其危害,并从预防和脱除两个方面阐述控制饲料中黄曲霉毒素污染的措施,以期为保障饲料及畜牧产品质量安全提供参考. 相似文献
9.
黄曲霉毒素(AF)是由某些真菌产毒菌株产生的次生代谢产物,具有极强的毒性.对大多数动物都有强烈的毒性作用,主要是改变饲料的适口性,降低饲料的营养价值,影响动物繁殖机能,导致动物繁殖机能紊乱.本文主要介绍了黄曲霉毒素对畜禽的危害以及薄层色谱(TLC)检测法、高效液相色谱(HPLC)检测法、酶联免疫(ELISA)检测法和放射免疫(RIA)检测法等检测方法,并对黄曲霉毒素的去毒方法做一综述. 相似文献
10.
肉鸡黄曲霉毒素中毒在肉鸡饲养中时有发生，日常饲养中的主要中毒原因是误用霉烂变质带有黄曲霉毒素的饲料及饲料原料而造成的，易变质带黄曲霉毒素的饲料原料主要以豆饼（粕）、花生饼（粕）、棉粕等为主，变质的原因主要是饲料原料受潮而发生霉变生成黄曲霉毒素。一、症状病鸡精神沉郁，闭目无神，羽毛蓬乱，部分病鸡食欲减少，有的鸡中毒后头向侧歪，身体转圈，站立不稳，张口伸颈呼吸，颈部脊椎手摸僵硬，粪便稀薄呈水样，最后衰竭死亡，死鸡全身僵直坚硬。食量越大，越壮的鸡死亡时间越快。二、剖检变化经剖检发现，肝脏边缘钝厚肿大，… 相似文献
11.
In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario. Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously. 相似文献
13.
In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada. 相似文献
14.
In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%). 相似文献
15.
In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection. 相似文献
17.
In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium. 相似文献
18.
In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated. Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively. 相似文献
19.
In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%). 相似文献
20.
In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%). Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada. 相似文献
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