共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 78 毫秒
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随着国家对水土保持投资的不断增长和将水土保持工程项目全面纳入水利工程进行管理,对小流域规划设计提出了更高的要求,为提高小流域水土保持规划设计水平、减轻设计劳动强度、提高设计效率,并同时满足水土保持项目管理信息化的要求,必须推进地理信息系统相关软件和微片在规划设计中的应用,加快小流域规划设计制图从CAD向GIS迁移。以ArcGIS10为例,介绍了GIS在小流域规划设计中的具体应用。 相似文献
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水土保持工程涉及面积大、实施措施复杂,将小流域边界及图斑拐点坐标成功导入水土保持重点工程项目管理信息系统是维护好项目系统的重点难点。通过"AUTOCAD基点坐标转换经纬度"实现CAD格式文件地理信息坐标输出,可找到图斑及流域边界坐标。这种方法能有效地将当前广泛应用的制图设计软件与地理信息系统软件对接,简单且易操作,便于错误修改,但也有重复操作的弊端,今后可探索通过VB语言编写程序,直接进行转换计算并输出为管理系统要求的Excel导入表格,进一步简化操作过程,以达到事半功倍的效果。 相似文献
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GIS在水土保持工作中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
徐宗永 《水土保持应用技术》2004,(3):46-48
利用地理信息系统的采集、存储、管理、显示与应用功能及其他计算机硬、软件技术,使地理信息系统在水土保持工作特别是在土壤空间分布调查、土壤侵蚀量估算、土壤侵蚀时空模拟、水土保持规划设计、水土保持规划效果虚拟等研究中得到应用。研制开发了适用于土壤侵蚀及水土保持规划、管理的专业型GIS,随着组件软件技术的发展及GIS的二次开发,GIS将会在水土保持方面得到更多、更广泛的应用。 相似文献
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将其他空间数据格式转成MAPGIS文件格式的若干问题的探讨 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在GIS应用中，常会遇到需要进行各种数据格式相互转换的问题。利用MAPGIS二次开发功能可以将其他空间数据格式转换成MAPGIS文件格式。本文从技术与实践的角度，对这一过程中的若干问题进行了探讨。 相似文献
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水土保持规划中低空遥感数据的获取及应用 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
[目的]为实现水土保持规划设计的高精度、高效率及现时性要求,探求低空遥感技术在水土保持规划设计中的应用基础和前景。[方法]选取陕西省榆林市横山区鲍家寺景区进行低空遥感试验,通过建立数字高程模型(DEM)和数字正射模型(DOM),从3个方面比较分析低空遥感数据的优势,并进一步探索了低空遥感成果在水土保持规划前期基础信息获取阶段的基本应用。[结果]低空遥感不但具有灵活性好,时效性好,数据精度高等基础优点,而且借助其他地理信息系统软件可方便、快捷提取地形现状信息和水土保持治理现状信息等水土保持规划基础资料,大大提高工作效率,能满足水土保持规划设计的要求。[结论]低空遥感数据应用于水土保持规划设计具备广阔前景。 相似文献
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杨华峰 《山西水土保持科技》2016,(1):18-20
ArcGIS是地理信息系统的应用软件,具有对地理分布数据进行储存、管理、运算、分析、显示等功能,可广泛应用于水土保持综合调查、水土保持工程规划设计、水土流失动态监测和水土保持工程竣工验收等方面。随着GIS集成技术的发展,ArcGIS在水土保持中的应用将更加广泛和深入。以风峪沟小流域为例,介绍了ArcGIS在水土保持规划中的具体应用。 相似文献
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安阳市近10年来建成的水土保持工程的主要建设管理方式可分为3种,即:乡村组织治理,完成后分配给农户分散经营;乡村组织治理,由村成立专业队代表村集体管理;把小流域或荒山承包给个体或私人经济组织,由其自行治理和经营管护。3种建管方式中以后者为最优,其经济效益是分散经营管理的5倍、专业队经营管理的3.5倍。针对水保工程建设管理中存在的问题和适应农村税费改革等要求,提出了加快安阳市水保生态建设的建议。 相似文献
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我国滑坡、崩塌的区域特征、成因分析及其防御 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
论述了我国滑坡、崩塌的区域分布特征,滑坡和崩塌的危害程度,滑坡和崩塌类型和成因分析,并且提出了灾害的防御措施,以期达到环境保护成为社会发展过程中的一个重要组成部分。 相似文献
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为探讨硒、钴在提高苜蓿生长影响,在河南省沿黄滩区,开展了硒、钴单施和配施下对紫花苜蓿生长以及产量和品质影响研究。结果表明,硒、钴单施和配合基施均能够显著提高苜蓿从现蕾到开花期的净光合能力,降低呼吸消耗,提高单位叶面积干物质的生产速率,有利于苜蓿花前青干草生产和果实发育;其中,以硒570 g/hm2、钴762g/hm2配施下效果显著,青干草增产8.06%,种子千粒重可提高12.85%。单施钴和硒钴配施还能促进0—20 cm耕层苜蓿根瘤菌的生长和积累,增强苜蓿的固氮能力。说明硒钴合理基施对苜蓿青干草和优质种子生产具有很好的应用效果。 相似文献
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Much evidence has indicated that the occurrence of montmorillonite and vermiculite containing Al-interlayers is very common in solis, particularly acid soils. Viewed in the light of soil clay minerology, it would be required to investigate the properties of their original minerals. For the latter purpose, the Al-interlayer has been removed prior to the Mg-glycerol,K-saturation and heating tests for identification of montmorillonite and vermiculite. Its removal has been accomplished in sevsral ways; KOH plus KCl (1), NH4F, KCl plus HCl (2), Na-citrate (3),400C de hydroxylation-NaOH (4) dissolution. Although these methods are effective for the removal of Al-interlayers, they seem drastically to affect the minerals or are time-consuming. Inthe course of the study of hydroxy-Al interlaid complexes of expanding 2:1 layer lattice clay minerals, the authors have noticed the difference between the (001) spacings of hydroxy-Al complexes of montmorillonite and vermiculite; the former exhibited the 20 A basal spacing at room temperature against the 14 A spacing of the latter. This difference might be useful for differentiating montnmorillonite-chlorite intergrades in soils. 相似文献
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平原地区河道堤防滩地的水土流失,直接淤积河床,影响行洪安全。堤防滩地的水土流失是自然因素和人为因素共同作用的结果,以新修堤防的水土流失最为严重,对其防治须实行工程措施、植物措施和人为预防相结合。 相似文献
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The effects of biochar (maize biochar – MBC, wood biochar – WBC) and unfermented or fermented hydrochar (HTC) on the euedaphic Collembola Protaphorura fimata and on spring wheat were investigated in greenhouse experiments. The impact of char type, amount of fermented HTC, and MBC-Collembola interactions were assessed. Generally, shoot and root biomass as well as abundance of P. fimata were not affected by the different chars. However, with increasing amounts of fermented HTC the abundance of P. fimata declined, whereas shoot biomass of wheat increased. Moreover, MBC altered root morphology and resulted in thicker roots with higher volume. The latter was not apparent when Collembola were present. 相似文献
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Potatoes (Solarium tuberosum L.) and carrots (Daucus carota L.) were grown in the field on Tasmanian ferrosols (humic eutrudox) which had been limed either 2, 3, or 5 years earlier, and where tuber cadmium (Cd) concentrations in potatoes grown a few months after the liming had shown no lime response. In the current crops lime decreased potato tuber Cd by about 30% and carrot root Cd by about 50%. We attributed the decrease to more even and deeper mixing of the lime with the soil by the harvest of the first potatoes. Phosphorus (P) fertilizer residues from the earlier potato crops did not significantly affect tuber or root Cd, but there was a positive effect at 1 site where some high Cd P fertilizer had earlier been used. Neither lime nor P fertilizer residues affected potato or carrot yields. Analysis at one site of potato tubers from the upper part of the soil ridges showed that they had slightly higher Cd concentrations than did deeper tubers near the fertilizer band, whether P fertilizer was in the band or not. This suggests that either the Cd in the fertilizer band was relatively unimportant as a Cd source for the current crop, or that Cd was redistributed within the plant during the season, or both. Liming may be a suitable medium to long‐term strategy for decreasing Cd uptake by root crops, but site to site and seasonal variation can still be great, and knowledge of other major influences is needed for assurance of produce quality. Our observations need to be extended to sites which gives rise to higher Cd concentrations in agricultural produce, and to other soil types. Potato common scab was severe in the limed plots at one site. However, this site had grown 3 potato crops in 5 years, which probably exacerbated the disease. Potato processors in Tasmania demand a minimum of 5 years between successive crops which should slow any build up of scab due to liming, but more work on possible interactions between lime and rotation length on scab incidence is needed before liming can be recommended as a Cd control measure for potatoes. 相似文献
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水土流失动态监测与评价研究现状与问题 总被引：16，自引：3，他引：13
美国等国家已将遥感、ＧＩＳ技术广泛应用于水土流失动态监测与预报,并开发出基于物理过程的土壤侵蚀预报模型。中国在水土流失地面观测、遥感监测方面已取得许多成果,但在区域土壤侵蚀评价、预报模型开发方面,缺少系列化观测与统计数据,已有的坡面土壤侵蚀模型等在通用性、适用性方面还存在不少问题。当前急需解决的问题是建立水土流失监测与评价指标体系,开发评价模型系统,建立国家水土保持信息系统 相似文献