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1.
选择１ 月龄的艾维茵肉仔鸡２４７ 只, 随机分为１３ 组, 每组１９ 只, 进行３０ ｄ 的饲养试验。在不同处理组的日粮中分别添加不同剂量的棉籽粕、菜籽粕和葵花粕以替代部分豆粕。结果： 在１ ～２ 月龄肉仔鸡的日粮中, 葵花粕的添加量以４ ％ 为最佳, 其日增重比对照组提高１１ ％ （ Ｐ ＞００５） 。棉籽粕和菜籽粕添加量分别为１０ ％ ～１５ ％ 时, 肉鸡日增重和对照组无明显差异 （ Ｐ ＞ ００５） 。棉籽粕和菜籽粕同时添加时要优于单一添加,其日增重比对照组提高５ ％ （ Ｐ ＞ ００５） 。在开发和利用棉籽粕和菜籽粕时, 要注意日粮中赖氨酸、蛋氨酸和动植物油的添加, 其日粮中赖氨酸含量要比推荐量提高８ ％ 左右为宜。  相似文献   

2.
Three experiments were conducted to determine the effects of whole cottonseed or cottonseed products on performance and carcass characteristics of beef cattle. In Exp. 1, 120 beef steers (initial BW = 381 +/- 31.7 kg) were fed steam-flaked corn-based finishing diets with 10% (DM basis) basal roughage, and whole cottonseed or individual cottonseed components (cottonseed hulls, meal, and oil). Over the entire feeding period, ADG did not differ (P = 0.95), but DMI increased (P = 0.07) and G:F decreased (P = 0.06) for steers fed the cottonseed diets compared with the control diet. Dressing percent (P = 0.02) and marbling scores (P = 0.02) of carcasses from steers fed the cottonseed diets were less than for steers fed the control diet. In Exp. 2, 150 beef steers (initial BW = 364 +/- 9.9 kg) were used to determine the effects of whole cottonseed or pelleted cottonseed (PCS) on performance and carcass characteristics. Cattle were fed steam-flaked corn-based finishing diets in which whole cottonseed or PCS replaced all of the dietary roughage, supplemental fat, and supplemental natural protein of the control diet. Over the entire feeding period, steers fed the cottonseed diets had lower (P = 0.04) DMI and greater (P < 0.01) G:F than steers fed the control diet. Carcass characteristics did not differ (P = 0.16 to 0.96) among dietary treatments. In Exp. 3, 150 beef heifers (initial BW = 331 +/- 17.1 kg) were used to determine the effects of PCS or delinted, whole cottonseed (DLCS) on performance and carcass characteristics. Heifers were fed rolled corn-based finishing diets in which cottonseed replaced the dietary roughage, supplemental fat, and all or part of the supplemental natural protein of the control diet. Over the entire feeding period, ADG, DMI, and G:F of heifers fed the control diet did not differ (P = 0.19 to 0.80) from those of the cottonseed diets; however, heifers fed the diets containing PCS had greater ADG (P = 0.03) and G:F (P = 0.09) than heifers fed diets containing DLCS. Carcass characteristics of heifers fed the control diet did not differ (P > or = 0.28) from those fed the cottonseed diets. Heifers fed the diets containing PCS had greater (P < or = 0.03) HCW, dressing percent, and LM area than those fed DLCS. Based on our results, whole cottonseed, or products derived from processing whole cottonseed, can replace feedstuffs commonly used in beef cattle finishing diets with no adverse effects on animal performance or carcass characteristics.  相似文献   

3.
(1) The nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolisable energy (AME(N)) content of solvent-extracted rapeseed and sunflower seed (un-decorticated) meals in relation to species (chicken, guinea fowl and quail) and dietary addition of feed enzymes (0 or 0.5 g/kg diet) was evaluated by a diet replacement method in a 3 x 2 factorial design. (2) The metabolism trial was conducted at two substitution levels (200 and 400 g/kg diet) of each meal with or without supplementation of commercial enzyme preparation in 6 individuals or 6 groups of cockerels, guinea fowls and quails. (3) The experimental diets were fed for a period of 12 d followed by a 3-d collection period during which total feed consumed and droppings output were quantitatively recorded. (4) The AME(N) values of rapeseed meal for cockerels, guinea fowls and quails were 8.4, 8.7 and 8.8 MJ/kg, respectively, while the corresponding values for sunflower seed meal were 6.1, 6.1 and 6.2 MJ/kg dry matter, without enzyme supplementation. (5) The AME(N) value of rapeseed meal did not improve with enzyme supplementation. However, AME(N) values of sunflower seed meal significantly increased with enzyme supplementation, from 6.1 to 6.5 MJ/kg dry matter. (6) Since AME(N) values of rapeseed meal and sunflower seed meal were similar in chicken, guinea fowl and quail, values reported for chicken could, therefore, be used for guinea fowl and Japanese quail.  相似文献   

4.
Soybean meal contains approximately 0.62% total P of which 0.4% can be phytate P, which is considered less biologically available for poultry than other forms of P. Soybean meal is a key ingredient in poultry feeds and information is needed about the range of phytate P and nonphytate P in different soybean meals. The phytate P content of soybeans may vary due to climatic conditions, soil type and soybean variety. Previous research has shown that phytate P can be hydrolyzed in the gastrointestinal tract providing available P by adding a commercial phytase enzyme to poultry feed. The extent of phytate hydrolysis by dietary supplementation of phytase has been shown to vary depending on the type of dietary ingredients such as corn, soybean meal, canola meal, and wheat. Research is needed to determine if different commercially available soybean meals respond in a similar manner to a feed added phytase. Twenty-five soybean meal samples were collected from active soybean crushing plants in the United States and 18 of the samples were selected to evaluate the effect of a microbial phytase on phytate P disappearance using 5-d bioassays. The range of analyzed values in soybean meal samples for total P, phytate P, Ca, protein, and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) were 0.59 to 0.87, 0.32 to 0.42, 0.28 to 0.54, 40.44 to 51.69, and 7.78 to 16.09%, respectively. Bioassay results indicate that body weight, feed consumption, and feed conversion ratio improved significantly (P < 0.05) in some of the groups fed diets with enzyme compared with groups fed the same diet with no added enzyme. The range of total P retention and phytate P disappearance for groups fed diets with no enzyme were 21.35 to 48.41 and 13.64 to 37.13%, respectively. The addition of phytase increased total P retention and phytate P disappearance from 56.81 to 68.62 and 76.18 to 94.08%, respectively. The results indicate no correlation among components (total P, phytate P, Ca, protein, and NDF) of soybean meal samples, percentage of phytate P disappearance, and percentage of total P retention for groups fed diets with and without added phytase.  相似文献   

5.
The effect of replacing soybean crude protein (CP) with legume leaf meal (LLM) CP on feed intake, growth performance and carcass traits was studied in native female Moo Lath Lao pigs. The diets comprised one traditional diet (T) without soybean meal, one control diet (C) with soybean meal and six diets iso-nitrogenous with diet C in which soybean protein was replaced (33, 66 and 100 % of CP) with LLM CP from porcupine joint vetch (PLM) or Stylosanthes (SLM). Feed and water were offered ad libitum. Replacing soybean CP with LLM CP reduced (P?<?0.05) intake of dry matter (DMI), CP (CPI), metabolisable energy (MEI), final body weight (BW) and average daily gain (ADG), but had no effect (P?>?0.05) on feed conversion ratio (FCR). Increasing the replacement rate of soybean CP with LLM CP had a negative linear effect (P?<?0.001) on DMI, CPI, MEI, final BW and ADG, and on all carcass traits except lean meat percentage. There were no differences in dressing percentage or organ weight and length between treatments. Supplementing diet T with soybean meal resulted in higher (P?<?0.05) DMI, CPI and MEI, lower (P?<?0.05) FCR, and higher (P?<?0.05) final BW and ADG. Slaughter weight, hot carcass weight, eye muscle thickness, back fat, fat in carcass and lean meat were lower (P?<?0.05) with diet T than diet C. In conclusion, LLM from stylo and porcupine joint vetch can be used as a CP source to partially replace soybean meal CP in the diet of growing native female Moo Lath Lao pigs.  相似文献   

6.
Versazyme (VZ) is an approved keratinase-based feed additive produced naturally as a fermentation product of Bacillus licheniformis PWD-1. The experiment was designed to test the recovery and efficacy of VZ using typical feed industry pelleting parameters. The pelleted diets were conditioned to 85°C for 30 s and pelleted using a 4 × 32 mm die, cooled, and crumbled. A total of 192 male broiler chicks were fed a corn-soybean meal starter diet formulated at 18.5% CP to 21 d of age. The 4 treatments used in the feeding study were as follows: VZ 0.0%-mash, VZ 0.0%-pellet, VZ 0.1%-mash, and VZ 0.1%-pellet. Body weight and feed consumption were determined at 21 d of age. The recovery of VZ in feed was 93% in the mash diet and 66% in the pelleted diet. There was a 55-g increase in BW gain and 0.17 improvement of FCR when birds were supplemented with 0.1% VZ. Pelleting improved BW gain (P < 0.05) but did not significantly improve the FCR. Growth performance results indicate that pelleting did not affect the efficacy of VZ.  相似文献   

7.
This study was designed to investigate the effects of yeast culture supplementation to laying hen diets containing 2 oilseed meals on performance, egg traits, and some blood parameters. A total of 180 Lohmann Brown laying hens 21 wk of age were allocated to 4 dietary treatments and fed for 16 wk. Two different basal diets were prepared; one contained soybean meal and the other contained sunflower seed meal. Both of the basal diets were supplemented with 0 and 2 g/kg commercial yeast culture product (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). Yeast culture supplementation to diets containing either oilseed meal did not significantly affect feed intake, hen-day egg production, feed efficiency, interior and exterior egg quality characteristics, serum levels of total protein, triglyceride, cholesterol, alanine amino transferase, aspartate amino transferase, and alkaline phosphatase. Body weight gain (P < 0.05), egg weight (P < 0.001), and serum uric acid (P < 0.05) were increased with yeast culture supplementation. The reduction in egg yolk cholesterol was significant (P < 0.001) in the groups fed yeast-supplemented diets. The results in this study demonstrated that yeast culture supplementation to the diets containing soybean meal or sunflower seed meal increased egg weight and decreased egg yolk cholesterol without affecting performance and egg traits, but serum uric acid concentration was increased.  相似文献   

8.
Crossbred gilts (n = 180) and barrows (n = 180) from the Louisiana State University (LSU) Agricultural Center and the University of Illinois (UI) were used to compare the effect of soybean meal in swine diets, relative to other protein sources, on growth performance and carcass traits of growing-finishing pigs. Four replications with five pigs each at each location were allotted to nine dietary treatments: soybean meal control (SBM), crystalline AA (corn-AA), extruded soybeans (ESB), canola meal (CAN), peanut meal (PNT), sunflower meal (SFLR), ground peas, meat and bone meal (MBM), and poultry by-product meal (PLTY). The diets were formulated to meet or exceed NRC nutrient requirements and to have equal Lys:ME according to dietary phase and sex. Corn was the grain source in all diets and the protein sources were the sole source of supplemental protein in all diets except when AA were added to meet the requirement. Pigs (three per pen at each location) were killed at an average final BW of 114 kg in the LSU or UI Meat Science Laboratories. Pigs fed SBM had greater (P < 0.05) ADG than pigs fed the corn-AA, CAN, SFLR, MBM, or PLTY and greater (P < 0.05) ADFI relative to pigs fed the corn-AA, ESB, MBM, or PLTY. Gain:feed was decreased (P < 0.05) in pigs fed corn-AA or SFLR but increased (P < 0.05) in pigs fed ESB compared with pigs fed the SBM diet. Loin muscle area was decreased (P < 0.05) in pigs fed the corn-AA or MBM diets compared with pigs fed the SBM diet. Tenth-rib backfat thickness was greater (P < 0.10) in pigs fed corn-AA, peas, or MBM than in those fed SBM. The NPPC percentage acceptable quality lean and kilograms of lean were decreased (P < 0.10) in pigs fed corn-AA, peas, or MBM compared with those fed SBM. Results from this experiment suggest that pigs fed SBM have equal or better growth performance and carcass traits than pigs fed other protein sources.  相似文献   

9.
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Rovabio, dietary energy, and protein on performance, egg composition, egg solids, and egg quality of commercial Leghorns in phase 2, second cycle. A 4 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments comprising 4 dietary energy levels (2,791, 2,857, 2,923, and 2,989 kcal of ME/kg) and 2 protein levels (15.5 and 16.1%) with and without Rovabio was used. Hy-Line W-36 hens (n = 1,920, 87 wk old) were randomly divided into 16 dietary treatments (8 replicates of 15 hens per treatment). The trial lasted 12 wk. Dietary protein significantly increased feed consumption but decreased yolk color. As dietary energy increased from 2,791 to 2,989 kcal of ME/kg, feed consumption decreased from 98.0 to 94.9 g per hen daily, and yolk color increased from 5.27 to 5.56. There was a significant interaction among dietary protein, energy, and Rovabio on egg production, BW, egg mass, feed conversion, and yolk solids. Egg weight of hens fed the diets supplemented with Rovabio was significantly greater than that of hens fed the diets without Rovabio during wk 3 and 4. However, Rovabio did not significantly influence average egg weight (87 to 98 wk of age). Rovabio supplementation significantly increased BW of hens. These results suggest Rovabio had a small but significant influence on nutrient utilization of commercial Leghorns during phase 2 of the second cycle.  相似文献   

10.
Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of feeding canola meal (Brassica campestris and Brassica napus) on the rat hepatic glutathione detoxification system and whether dietary cysteine supplements might modify such effects. Rats were fed test diets for 14 d. Body weight change, feed consumption, hepatic glutathione concentration, and hepatic glutathione-S-transferase (GSH-S-T) activities were determined. Weight gain was decreased when canola meal was fed, whereas hepatic glutathione concentrations increased, as did hepatic GSH-S-T activity. All effects correlated with total glucosinolate concentration in the canola meal. Dietary cysteine supplements, however, did not influence the growth reduction and increased hepatic glutathione concentrations caused by feeding canola meal. Supplemental cysteine prevented the elevation in hepatic GSH-S-T activity. The elevation in hepatic glutathione concentration caused by canola meals was not an overcompensation caused by an initial depletion and therefore reflected a general hepatotoxicity. Feeding supplemental cysteine increased hepatic glutathione levels at early time intervals and delayed the induction of GSH-S-T caused by canola meal toxicity. There was no beneficial effect of supplemental dietary cysteine in overcoming the toxicity of high levels of canola meal, but supplemental cysteine did modify the canola meal-induced changes in hepatic glutathione metabolism.  相似文献   

11.
青鱼对8种饲料原料中营养物质的表观消化率   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
本试验旨在研究青鱼(Mylopharyngodon piceus)对国产鱼粉、蝇蛆粉、玉米蛋白粉、大豆粕、花生粕、棉籽粕、菜籽粕和米糠8种饲料原料干物质、粗蛋白质、氨基酸、粗脂肪、总磷和总能的表观消化率。试验饲料由70%基础饲料和30%待测饲料原料组成,并以0.1%的三氧化二钇(Y2O3)为外源指示剂。选取平均体重为(60.17±1.28)g的青鱼270尾,随机分成9组,每组3个重复,每个重复10尾鱼。对照组试验鱼饲喂基础饲料,试验组试验鱼分别饲喂1种试验饲料。饲喂1周后采用自排法收集粪便待测。结果表明:8种饲料原料的干物质、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、总磷、总能以及总氨基酸的表观消化率的范围分别是62.17%～86.47%、83.34%～95.84%、78.93%～100.06%、37.33%～81.99%、66.75%～89.86%、86.33%～96.58%。在8种饲料原料中,玉米蛋白粉的干物质、总磷和总能的表观消化率最高,而大豆粕的粗蛋白质、粗脂肪和总氨基酸的表观消化率最高;棉籽粕的干物质和总能的表观消化率最低,米糠的粗脂肪和总磷的表观消化率最低。各饲料原料中总氨基酸表观消化率与粗蛋白质表观消化率的变化趋势一致,其中以蝇蛆粉最低。由此可见,大豆粕和玉米蛋白粉是青鱼的优质植物蛋白质源,可适量替代鱼粉;蝇蛆粉中粗蛋白质和氨基酸的消化率都较低,在青鱼饲料中的添加量不宜过高;花生粕、棉籽粕和菜籽粕也是较好的植物性蛋白质源,在青鱼饲料中适量添加既有利于饲料的营养平衡,还可降低饲料成本;米糠作为青鱼的能量原料必须保持新鲜,并控制其在饲料中的用量。  相似文献   

12.
Five combinations of canola meal and urea were compared in a titration study using yearling beef steers (n = 120, initial weight = 383 kg ± 6.25) consuming barley and potato processing residue-based diets. The steers were allotted to 20 pens in a randomized block design and fed for 86 d. Diets were formulated to contain 30% potato processing residue, 45% barley, 15% corn silage, and 10% supplement (DM basis). Nitrogen source was the only difference in the diets. Supplements were formulated to be isonitrogenous with the N source being either urea or canola meal (C) to provide a calculated dietary CP of 11.5%. Treatments were: 100% urea supplement (0C); 25% canola meal supplement, 75% urea supplement (25C); 50% canola meal supplement, 50% urea supplement (50C); 75% canola meal supplement, 25% urea supplement (75C); and 100% canola meal supplement (100C). Average daily gain and DMI were similar for all treatments (P>0.05). Gain to feed ratio was larger (P<0.05) for 75C than 0C (163.2 vs 151.5 g/kg). Marbling scores were greater (P<0.05) from steers fed 0C than from those fed 50C or 75C. Longissimus muscle area and hot carcass weights were greater for 25C than 0C (P<0.05). Longissimus muscle area for 100C was also larger than 0C (P<0.05). The yield grade of 25C steers was lower (P<0.05) than that found in the 0C, 50C, and 100C steers (P<0.05). The 25C treatment had the highest apparent NDF digestibility of all treatments (P<0.05). Additional return of $14.50 per steer fed canola was found (P>0.05). The changes in carcass composition toward a leaner carcass with natural protein (the 25C fed steers) indicate potential benefits from the use of canola meal in barley and potato processing residue-based diets instead of urea as the sole supplemental N source.  相似文献   

13.
Versazyme (VZ) is a keratinase-based feed additive. Broiler diets were formulated with low (95%), medium (100%), or high (105%) CP and amino acid levels relative to US Poultry Industry Reporting Service averages (2003). In each diet, amino acid minimums were maintained relative to the percentage of CP. The protein levels were as follows: starter—21, 22, 23%; grower—19, 20, 21%; finisher—17, 18, 19%; and withdrawal—16, 17, 18%. Mixed sex broilers 0 to 48 d of age were fed the 3 protein levels with and without VZ (0.10%) in a 3 × 2 factorial experiment. Statistical main effects indicated 48-d BW was greater on the high protein diets (2.42 kg) compared with low protein (2.36 kg), with the medium protein diet being intermediate (2.40 kg). Overall, VZ significantly (P < 0.01) improved 48-d BW 2.54% (from 2.36 to 2.42 kg, P < 0.01), feed conversion ratio 1.62% (from 1.912 to 1.881, P < 0.01), and breast meat yield 1.68% (from 31.57 to 32.10%, P < 0.01). The improvements in BW and feed conversion ratio by VZ were greatest with the low protein diets. However, VZ produced the greatest improvement in breast meat yield at the medium and high protein levels. This enzyme feed additive apparently improves the utilization of amino acids by broilers fed diets formulated to commercial specifications.  相似文献   

14.
Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of an antioxidant (AGRADO®; Solutia Inc., St. Louis, MO) on the growth, gain to feed ratio, and health of receiving calves. In Experiment 1, 96 mixed breed heifer calves (206 ± 1.4 kg initial BW) were purchased at sale barns and delivered as a single group to the research facility near Fayetteville. All heifers were fed a total mixed diet containing 30% cottonseed hulls, 53% cracked corn, and 11% soybean meal for 42 d with either 0 or 150 mg AGRADO®/kg diet. Fewer (P<0.05) of the heifers fed supplemental AGRADO® were treated for respiratory disease (73% vs 83%), and medication cost was lower (P<0.05) for heifers fed supplemental AGRADO ($6.33 vs $9.49 per pen). Supplemental AGRADO® did not affect (P>0.10) ADG, daily feed intake, and gain to feed ratio. In Experiment 2, 86 bull and steer calves (237 ± 2.2 kg initial BW) were managed and fed as in Experiment 1 for a 41-d study. In this trial, supplemental AGRADO® had no significant effect on the number of sick calves or medication costs, but gain to feed ratio was improved (P<0.05) during the first 28 d of the trial. These results indicate that supplemental AGRADO® may improve the health or growth performance of newly received feedlot cattle.  相似文献   

15.
Arginine activity in broiler diets can be supplied by L-arginine (Arg), guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) and L-citrulline (Cit), all of which are commercially available. This study was conducted to assess the effects of Arg source and level on broiler performance, nutrient digestibility and carcass parameters. Day-old Ross 308 cockerels (n = 768) were assigned to one of eight dietary treatments using a completely randomized design: normal protein (NP), low protein deficient in Arg (LP) and LP with two levels of either Arg (0.238% and 0.476%), GAA (0.309% and 0.618%) or Cit (0.238 and 0.476%). The LP was 5 percentage points lower in protein level than the NP. Wheat, sorghum, soya bean meal, canola meal, and meat and bone meal-based diets were fed over three feeding phases to 6 replicate floor pens with 16 birds each. Compared to NP, birds fed LP had reduced feed intake (FI, p < 0.001), reduced body weight gain (BWG, p < 0.001) and increased feed conversion ratio (FCR, p < 0.001) from day 0 to day 35. Additions of Arg or Cit to the LP at both levels resulted in increased BWG and reduced FCR (p < 0.05). Birds fed LP with GAA added had lower FCR (p < 0.05) but not higher BWG (p > 0.05) compared with the LP observed from day 0 to day 35. Supplementation of Arg, Cit and the low level of GAA to LP resulted in increased carcass yield, bone length, diameter and ash (p < 0.05) but did not increase ileal energy or nitrogen digestibility (p > 0.05). The findings indicate that Cit is an efficacious source of Arg activity in Arg-deficient diets.  相似文献   

16.
The present study was to test if different ratios of fish meal to soy cake as protein supplements in the diet are not significantly different in effects on feed intakes and performance of growing beef cattle fed urea-treated rice straw (URTRS) as basal diet under local conditions in North Vietnam. Thirty-six male cattle of Laisind (50 % local Yellow cattle and 50 % Sindhi, both Bos indicus) at around 12 months of age with an average live weight of 124?±?12 kg at start were used in six groups of the experiment. Six diets named A, B, C, D, E, and F used in the experiment were similar in crude protein (CP) level, except for diet A with no supplementation, but different in fish meal/soy cake ratio based on CP content as follows: diet A 0/0, diet B 100/0, diet C 75/25, diet D 50/50, diet E 25/75, and diet F 0/100. Following a 4-week adaptation period, a comparison period lasted 24 weeks. The total intakes of dry matter (DM), DM from roughage, metabolizable energy (ME), and CP were 6, 7, 6, and 20 % higher in diets B–F than diet A with P values ≤0.05, 0.05, 0.05, and 0.001, respectively. The average daily gain (ADG) was 50 % higher (P?<?0.001) in diets B–F than that in diet A. Compared to diet A, diets B–F had lower feed conversion ratio (FCR)DM, FCRME, and FCRCP by 30, 20, and 30 %, respectively (all at P?<?0.001). There were no significant differences between diets B–F in the intakes, FCRs, and ADG. The apparent digestibility of CP was 12 to 24 % higher (P?<?0.001) in diets B–F than that in diet A. There was a tendency that the apparent digestibilities of DM, CP, and CF were increasing with increasing level of soy cake in this study. The ratio of fish meal to soy cake did not significantly affect feed intakes, ADG, FCR, and apparent nutrient digestibilities of the cattle. Soy cake can therefore be used to partially or fully replace fish meal as a protein supplement in the diet of growing beef cattle fed URTRS without any negative effects on animal performance.  相似文献   

17.
Two experiments were completed to compare the supplemental effects of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and sub-therapeutic antibiotics in high-fibre and low-protein diets for broiler chicks. In experiment 1, yeast was added at 1.5, 3.0 and 6.0 g kg-1 while penicillin, tylosin or neoterramycin were added at 150 mg kg-1 into different batches of a high-fibre diet containing 250 g kg-1 palm kernel meal. Saccharomyces cerevisiae and antibiotics increased BW, BWG, FCR, feed intake, carcass and breast weights above the control. Small intestine weight was reduced by antibiotics, while yeast caused a lower deposition of abdominal fat. Liver weights of different treated broilers were similar. The performance indices were superior on penicillin and 3.0 g kg-1 yeast compared to other supplements evaluated. In the second experiment, 1.5 and 3.0 g kg-1 of yeast, and 0.75 mg kg-1 of procaine penicillin, zinc bacitracin and tylosin were separately added to a 180 g kg-1 crude protein diet. Performance of the chicks with additives was compared with unsupplemented negative and positive controls containing 180 and 210 g kg-1 crude protein respectively. Broilers fed with supplements had superior BW, BWG, FCR and feed intake compared to the negative control, but carcass data were similar. Dietary penicillin increased BW, BWG, feed intake more than other supplements, but yeast stimulated higher FCR. Data from both studies indicated that Saccharomyces cerevisiae comparatively increased growth and carcass weight and reduce abdominal fat, therefore, it can serve as a natural substitute for antibiotics in broiler diet.  相似文献   

18.
番鸭日粮添加溢多酶P-8306的饲养效果试验   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
试验选用21日龄白番鸭480只,随机分为4组,每组5个重复。Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别饲喂含12%、14%、16%杂粕并添加溢多酶P-8306(0·2g/kg)的日粮,对照组饲喂含7%杂粕(菜粕 棉粕)无酶制剂的日粮。在相同的饲管条件下,观测各组番鸭体增重、饲料代谢率和屠体性能。结果表明:4~6周龄番鸭成活率和饲料利用率差异不显著(P>0·05),体增重Ⅰ组比对照组低9%(P<0·05),其他各组之间差异均不显著(P>0.05);6~8周龄体增重组间差异不显著(P>0.05)、屠宰率、全、半净膛率、胸腿骨率、心脏、肝脏、小肠、腺胃和矶胃的重量组间差异均不显著。且在含较高水平的杂粕日粮中添加溢多酶P-8306可达到与日粮杂粕含量较低相同的饲养效果;饲料效益以试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组较高,其增重成本分别比对照组降低34·69%、4·93%,即每增重1kg可分别节约成本0·19元和0·02元。  相似文献   

19.
本研究旨在评定棉籽粕在英系北京鸭上的净能(NE),并运用棉籽粕的表观代谢能(AME)和常规成分建立其预测方程。根据析因法将棉籽粕替代饲粮的NE剖分为维持净能(NEm)和生产净能(NEp),利用回归法测定NEm,比较屠宰法测定NEp,再套算得到棉籽粕的NE。选取400只7日龄的英系北京鸭进行动物试验。首先选取20只肉鸭在试验开始时挫颈致死,测定其体能量作为测定NEm和NEp的共同初始能量对照;再选取50只肉鸭用于NEm的测定,NEm用禁食产热(FHP)估计,共设5个组(每组5个重复,每个重复2只),分别为自由采食组及限饲15%、25%、35%、45%组,均饲喂基础饲粮1;剩余的330只肉鸭用于NEp的测定,共设33个组(每组5个重复,每个重复2只),分别饲喂基础饲粮2和以不同棉籽粕替代15%基础饲粮2的试验饲粮。于14日龄时将所有的试鸭挫颈致死,测定所有试鸭的体能量。最后,将实测棉籽粕NE与AME和其常规成分进行相关分析和多元逐步线性回归分析建立棉籽粕NE的预测方程。结果显示:英系北京鸭的FHP为580.7 k J/(kg BW0.75·d),棉籽粕替代饲粮提供给肉鸭的NEm和NEp分别为(2.97±0.15)MJ/kg和(5.22±0.12)MJ/kg,棉籽粕替代饲粮提供给肉鸭的NE为(8.19±0.09)MJ/kg,计算得到的棉籽粕的NE和AME分别为(6.12±0.62)MJ/kg和(10.05±1.02)MJ/kg,AME转化为NE的效率为(60.97±2.04)%,使用AME和常规成分建立棉籽粕NE的最佳预测方程为NE=3.276+0.241AME+0.044CP-0.081ADF[决定系数(R2)=0.954,残余标准差(RSD)=0.13 M J/kg,P0.01],式中CP为粗蛋白质,ADF为酸性洗涤纤维。由以上结果可知:英系北京鸭棉籽粕的NE为(6.12±0.62)MJ/kg,分布范围为5.04~7.30 M J/kg,变异较大;运用AM E结合常规成分可以准确预测英系北京鸭棉籽粕的NE。  相似文献   

20.
本试验旨在研究鳙鱼(Aristichthys nobilis)对鱼粉(国产)、干酒糟及其可溶物(DDGS)、菜籽粕、米糠、豆粕、酶解羽毛粉、棉籽粕、小麦麸、玉米蛋白粉和花生粕中干物质、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、总能以及氨基酸的表观消化率。试验饲料按照基础饲料和待测饲料原料7∶3的比例构成,并添加0.5%的三氧化二钇(Y2O3)作为外源指示剂。挑选初体重为(290.02±2.82)g的鳙鱼,随机分成11组,每组3个重复,每个重复10尾鱼。随机选取1组作为对照组投喂基础饲料,剩余10组为试验组分别投喂试验饲料。投喂1周后通过虹吸法收集粪便。结果表明:1)10种饲料原料中干物质、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪和总能的表观消化率的范围分别为69.9%~85.7%、73.5%~88.3%、81.2%~91.1%和81.9%~86.3%。2)在10种饲料原料中,米糠总能的表观消化率最高,而鱼粉的干物质、粗蛋白质和粗脂肪的表观消化率最高;酶解羽毛粉的干物质、粗脂肪和总能的表观消化率最低,玉米蛋白粉的粗蛋白质的表观消化率最低。3)各饲料原料氨基酸的表观消化率基本维持在65.59%~99.17%,且都以小麦麸较低。由此可见,鳙鱼对鱼粉具有很好的利用效果,其次是豆粕和花生粕,而酶解羽毛粉中粗蛋白质的表观消化率最低,小麦麸各氨基酸的表观消化率均比较低。  相似文献   

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