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采用聚丙烯酰胺垂直电泳法对紫贻贝Mytilu sedulis的鳃、消化腺、外套膜、足、闭壳肌等5种组织的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、三磷酸腺苷酶（ATPase）、苹果酸脱氢酶（MDH）、苹果酸酶（ME）进行了检测分析。结果表明,SOD在紫贻贝的5种组织中均有表达,共有4条酶带,但迁移率最大的酶带在足和外套膜中未出现,而在另外3种组织中呈弱表达;ATPase在除消化腺外的组织中都表现为2条带;MDH在5种组织中都表达出1条酶带,其中足和闭壳肌的MDH染色最深;ME存在1～2条酶带,其中迁移率大的条带在5种组织中都有表达,而迁移率小的条带只存在于外套膜、闭壳肌和足中。从检测结果来看,上述4种酶在紫贻贝体内的表达有一定的组织特异性． 相似文献
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紫贻贝和厚壳贻贝杂交及F1代杂交优势初探 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
2005-2007年对紫贻贝(Mytilus gallo provincialis)和厚壳贻贝(Mytilus coruscus)种间进行了杂交生产性试验,通过亲贝强化培育、确认雌雄亲贝、改革育苗水体交换方法、投喂混合单细胞藻类、流水培养附着稚贝等技术,获得F1代.结果表明,正交F1代幼虫的成活率明显高于反交F1代和厚壳贻贝,在幼虫培育前期与紫贻贝的成活率相当,但随着幼虫的发育有高于紫贻贝的趋势.正交F1代幼虫的壳长和壳高在培育阶段的前期生长与紫贻贝相当,低于厚壳贻贝,高于反交F1代;但后期的生长明显增快,并高于反交F1代和其他两种贻贝.各试验组贻贝海区养殖的成活率在90%以上,正交F1代最高,显著高于反交F1代.各试验组生长特性,正交F1代紫贻贝厚壳贻贝反交F1代.其中正交F1代获附着稚贝3.77×109 ind.正交F1除在孵化率上低于紫贻贝、厚壳贻贝外,在壳长、壳高、成活率等方面指标具有一定杂交优势,而反交F1代的杂交优势不明显. 相似文献
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紫贻贝和厚壳贻贝杂交及F1代杂交优势初探 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
2005年-2007年对紫贻贝和厚壳贻贝种间进行了杂交生产性试验,通过亲贝强化培育、确认雌雄亲贝、改革育苗水体交换方法、投喂混合单细胞藻类、流水培养附着稚贝等技术,获得F1代。结果表明,各试验组生长特性,正交F1代﹥紫贻贝﹥厚壳贻贝﹥反交F1代。其中正交F1代获附着稚贝3.77亿粒,平均壳长为1.13 mm、平均壳高为0.78 mm,育苗成活率达35.57%。正交F1除在孵化率上低于紫贻贝、厚壳贻贝外,在壳长、壳高、成活率等方面指标具有一定杂交优势,而反交F1代的杂交优势不明显。 相似文献
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用聚丙烯酰胺电泳法对皱纹盘鲍、家虫戚、泥螺、泥蚶、紫贻贝、虾夷寓贝、海湾扇贝、青蛤、文蛤、硬壳蛤、缢蛏11种经济贝类性腺组织的6种同工酶（MDH、ME、SOD、ADH、ATP、EST）进行检测分析。结果发现,各贝类性腺组织的各种同工酶谱的表达存在很多迁移率相同的条带,说明了它们的同源性;并且亲缘关系越近的贝类之间的酶谱表达越相似,表明环境对贝类进化具有重要作用;但由于不同贝类的所在的微环境的差异造成了同工酶谱表达的多态性。 相似文献
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硅烷化表面海洋细菌对厚壳贻贝稚贝附着的影响 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
为探讨厚壳贻贝稚贝对自然微生物膜中海洋细菌的附着行为反应,本论文研究了厚壳贻贝（Mytilus coruscus）稚贝附着与硅烷基化附着基表面、微生物膜密度以及细菌种属系统发育之间的相互关系。研究表明所测海洋细菌均能显著促进厚壳贻贝稚贝的附着;其中Staphylococcus sp. 1和Cobetia sp. 1表现出较低诱导活性,且这两株细菌形成的微生物膜密度与稚贝附着率之间无显著相关性;其他7株海洋细菌均表现出中等程度诱导活性,且所形成的微生物膜密度与稚贝附着率之间呈显著相关性。系统发育分析表明所测海洋细菌对厚壳贻贝稚贝附着的诱导活性与细菌种属无关。因而,硅烷基化表面的海洋附着细菌对厚壳贻贝附着有着显著性促进作用,本研究将为后续开展厚壳贻贝稚贝附着机制奠定了基础。 相似文献
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中湿度表面的海洋细菌对厚壳贻贝稚贝附着的影响 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
为研究自然微生物膜中海洋细菌对厚壳贻贝稚贝附着的影响,通过海洋贝类生物学、分子微生物生态学等手段调查附着基表面湿度、微生物膜的密度以及细菌种属系统发育与厚壳贻贝(Mytilus coruscus)稚贝附着关系。结果表明,所有测试海洋细菌形成微生物膜的最终密度随初始密度的增加而增加。所测海洋细菌均能不同程度地诱导厚壳贻贝稚贝的附着,其中Cobetia sp.3形成的微生物膜显示出最高诱导活性,其诱导的稚贝附着率为(70%±3%);Nautella sp.2、Pseudoalteromonas sp.9、Pseudoalteromonas sp.10、Bacillus sp.5和Pseudoalteromonas sp.11等5株细菌表现中等程度的诱导活性,其诱导的附着率范围为51%~60%。所有测试菌株所形成的微生物膜密度与稚贝附着均呈显著相关,尤其是Pseudoalteromonas sp.9和Cobetia sp.3诱导活性与附着率相关性极强,其相关性系数分别为0.774 1和0.723 3。系统发育分析结果表明,微生物膜密度和厚壳贻贝稚贝的附着率显著相关,然而海洋细菌诱导活性与细菌种属无关。因而,中湿度表面的海洋附着细菌对厚壳贻贝的附着有着明显的促进作用,本研究为后续开展厚壳贻贝稚贝的附着机制提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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厚壳贻贝人工繁殖技术的研究 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
厚壳贻贝(Mytilus coruscus)是我国贻贝的主要养殖品种,其苗种主要依靠天然苗种和半人工采苗获得。2006年浙江海洋学院于嵊泗县石柱育苗厂,首次突破了厚壳贻贝规模化全人工繁殖和稚贝海区中间培育技术。研究结果表明,厚壳贻贝亲贝通过室内强化培养,经人工催产可获得成熟受精卵,受精率可达95%。在水温16℃时,受精卵在受精后25min出现第一极体,受精后39h50min发育至直线绞合幼虫期,胚胎孵化率达92%,在水温15.8～21℃的条件下,经39d室内人工培育,获平均壳长0.694mm的附着稚贝1304.7×104ind;附着稚贝经102d海区中间培育,获平均壳长13.95mm的稚贝404.46×104ind,海区保苗成活率达31%。该研究结果为今后厚壳贻贝大规模苗种生产奠定了重要理论和技术基础。 相似文献
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In Atlantic Canada, both Mytilus edulis and M. trossulus occur naturally in sympatric populations and readily hybridize forming genotypically complex assemblages that vary widely in relative species composition throughout the region. We monitored growth in single year‐class cohorts of rope‐cultured Mytilus spp. during a 14‐month period from sleeving of seed to harvest at three commercial mussel farms in Notre Dame Bay, Newfoundland, Canada. Electrophoretic variation at the mannose phosphate isomerase (Mpi) enzyme locus was used to categorize the two species (M. edulis and M. trossulus) and their hybrids. Seed populations varied significantly among sites in relative proportions of each species and hybrids. Growth in shell length, wet weight and shell weight varied significantly with Mpi genotype at all three farm sites. Growth in flesh weight varied significantly with Mpi genotype at two of the three sites. Growth rates for all weight variables were consistently significantly greater in M. edulis than in sympatric M. trossulus. Growth in shell length was significantly different between sympatric M. edulis and M. trossulus at only one farm site. Growth rates of hybrids were typically intermediate between sympatric M. edulis and M. trossulus, but were often statistically similar to one or other of M. edulis or M. trossulus. We conclude that the production of rope‐cultured blue mussels in Atlantic Canada is significantly influenced by genotype‐dependent growth variation in naturally occurring mixed‐species stocks. Our results also suggest that farm site production may be increased and intrasite variability reduced at farm sites currently using indigenous mixed‐species stocks by substitution and growout of transplanted seed from unispecific M. edulis stocks. 相似文献
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Silvia Lorenzo-Abalde frica Gonzlez-Fernndez Encarnacin de Miguel Villegas Jos Fuentes 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2005,250(3-4):736-747
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were generated against 2-day-old mussel larvae in an attempt to develop a rapid and rigorous method for the identification of mussel larvae in field plankton samples. Previously, we have shown that two of these mAbs recognised Galician Mytilus galloprovincialis obtained from monospecific cultures, but did not recognise the larvae of other bivalve species present in that area. To assess the possibility of using these mAbs in routine assays for measuring the abundance of mussel larvae in plankton, studies on cultured mussel larvae, at different stages of development, and tests on bivalve larvae from plankton samples were carried out. Initially, to see whether the two mAbs also recognise other mussel larval stages, they were tested against mussel larvae of different ages obtained from monospecific cultures. The results indicate that both antibodies stain all the stages tested, even 1-month-old postlarvae. In addition, we also demonstrate that these mAbs also recognise other forms of Mytilus. Both antibodies bind to M. galloprovincialis larvae from the Mediterranean Sea and M. edulis larvae. Finally, and more significantly, studies on field plankton samples were performed to confirm if both mAbs are really mussel-specific, and do not cross-react with larvae of any other bivalve species existing in the plankton. The results presented here clearly indicate that our two monoclonal antibodies specifically recognise the mussel larvae in field plankton samples from different geographical regions, but not the larvae of any other bivalve species. Thus, these monoclonal antibodies could be used for routine monitoring of mussel larvae in plankton samples from different sources. 相似文献
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贻贝雌性生殖系统的组织学研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
从组织学方面研究了贻贝雌性生殖系统的构造。卵巢壁薄、由外膜和内生殖上皮构成。外膜主要由结缔组绢,意志支上皮和薄层肌肉构成。由其产生的许多延伸物伸入卵巢中把卵巢分成一个个不规则小区。内生死上皮不断增殖平生生殖带,其中含卵原细胞阁阶段雌性生殖细胞和滤泡细胞。卵原细胞较小,核圆形,核仁不明显。初级卵母细胞体积增加,核呈生发泡状,核仁１个,明显。次级卵母细胞卵圆形、细胞体积更大,核仁１个,十分明显。当卵母 相似文献
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紫贻贝对石油烃的生物富集动力学参数的测定 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
应用Ｂanerjee(1984)实验方法，即通过水体中化合物浓 化间接测定由于生物富集所产生的生物体内石油烃浓度变化，在此基础上建立了生物富集双箱动力学模型，根据该模型可以简单方便地测定洋经济贝类对石油烃的生物富集动力参数，应用该方法实验测定了紫贻贝（Ｍytilusedulis)对３种石油烃（０号此油，９０号汽油，大港原油）的吸收速率常数Ｋ１，释放速率常数Ｋ２和生物富集因子ＢＣＦ等毒性动力学参数，其中k1为１５.4-119.0d,k2为0.010-0.043/d,BCF为７２３－３８７６，结果表明，紫贻贝对３种不同来的石油烃的毒性动力参数存在较大的差异，其中ＢＣＦ大小顺序为：紫油＞汽油＞原油，这可能主要是由于紫油中所含的两环，三环芳径（如萘，菲等化合物）浓度较高所致。 相似文献
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紫贻贝SOD和POD同工酶的组织特异性研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
用聚丙烯酰胺垂直电泳对紫贻贝的鳃、性腺、外套膜、足、闭壳肌等5种组织的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)进行了检测分析。结果表明,SOD在各组织器官中均表达,共表现为5条酶带,酶带a和b在上述五种组织中均出现,酶带c在除鳃以外的其他4个组织中有表达,酶带d则在除外套膜以外的4个组织中表达,酶带e仅在性腺中存在,所有上述酶带在性腺和鳃中活性相对较强;POD在不同组织中表达各不相同,酶带a仅在外套膜中存在,酶带b存在于除外套膜外的4个组织中,酶带c在性腺、闭壳肌和外套膜中表达。从检测结果来看,SOD和POD在紫贻贝体内的表达有一定的组织特异性,这种特异性不仅与各组织的不同生理分工相关,而且也与机体对自身基因表达进行调控相联系。 相似文献
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The Chilean blue mussel Mytilus chilensis is an important commercial species. However, little has been published on the population genetics of this species, despite the need to implement management and conservation policies. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA‐polymerase chain reaction analysis was used to estimate genetic variation within and between eight natural populations along the whole range of its Chilean natural distribution (ca. 1900 km from Arauco (VIII Region) to Punta Arenas (XII Region)). The values of Nei's unbiased genetic distance, D (0.030–0.107), among populations were small, despite the large geographic separation. A mantel test using 50 000 randomizations showed evidence for a significant correlation (r=0.74, P<0.05) between genetic and geographic (coastal) distance. Punta Arenas population was the most genetically differentiated from the others, although the scale of differentiation was not large (D=0.076–0.107). The levels of gene flow (Nm=1.55) found in this study prevent differentiation among populations by genetic drift. This is the result of the long‐lived planktotrophic larvae of M. chilensis, which provides this species with considerable dispersal ability throughout its range, which is favoured by the ocean currents along the Chilean coast. A restricted larval dispersal towards the north due to the Cape Horn Current derived from the West Wind Drift could be the cause of the higher genetic differentiation of Punta Arenas population from the northern populations. For management purposes of the M. chilensis fishery, the results provide no evidence for discrete stocks, with the possible exception of the Punta Arenas population. The present study provides the baseline data in order to continue further characterization of these mussel populations, considering the great increase in aquaculture of this species. 相似文献