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研究了不同培育措施(初植密度、间伐强度、坡向、坡位)对人工林樟子松(Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica)木材的密度和力学性质(横纹抗弯强度、抗弯弹性模量、顺纹抗压强度、冲击韧性、端面硬度)的影响。初植密度(1.5m×1.0m,1.5m×2.0m和1.5m×2.5m)对木材密度和抗弯弹性模量有显著的影响。初植密度为1.5m×1.0m时,木材主要力学指标值最大。适当间伐可提高木材的抗弯弹性模量和顺纹抗压强度,但重度间伐则会降低木材的力学强度。坡向(阳坡和阴坡)对木材的抗弯弹性模量影响显著,阳坡高于阴坡。坡位(上坡位和下坡位)对除端面硬度外的木材力学性质指标影响都显著,各项力学指标值均是坡下高于坡上。表5参9。 相似文献
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楸树新无性系木材的物理力学性质 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对采自于河南省南阳市的21年生楸树新无性系宛楸8401和宛楸8402与生产上广泛应用的金丝楸无性系进行木材主要物理力学性质的对比研究.结果表明:3个无性系的基本密度、气干密度、端面硬度、弦面硬度、径面硬度、抗弯强度、抗弯弹性模量、顺纹抗压强度、顺纹抗拉强度、冲击韧性、弦向抗剪强度和径向抗剪强度差异极显著,宛楸8401和金丝楸相近,且显著优于宛楸8402;3个无性系的成熟材与幼龄材的物理力学性质也表现出显著差异;与黄菠萝、核桃楸、红椿和香樟相比,宛楸8401和金丝楸与香樟和黄菠萝相近,优于红椿,但是比核桃楸稍差,宛楸8402与红椿相近. 相似文献
3.
不同湿地松种源木材材性遗传变异的研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
本文对浙江省长乐林场的湿地松 (Pinuselliottii) 18个种源的木材性质进行测定与分析。结果表明 ,种源间木材气干密度、抗弯强度、抗弯弹性模量和顺纹抗压强度差异极显著 ;管胞长度与宽度、冲击韧性差异显著 ,而管胞壁厚及胞壁率差异不显著 ;种源内木材气干密度、力学强度及胞壁率差异不显著 ,管胞长、宽和壁厚的差异均显著且高于种源间的差异。实验结果表明在种源水平上 ,进行木材气干密度、力学强度和管胞形态的种源选择 ,可取得良好的效果 ;种源内个体管胞形态 (管胞长、宽和壁厚 )变异大于种源间的差异 ,表明湿地松种源材质改良如在种源选择基础上进行个体改良会取得更好的增益。 18个种源木材管胞长度及宽度、管胞壁厚、胞壁率的广义遗传力分别为 :0 36 15、0 5 993、0 74 73、0 16 98;木材气干密度、抗弯强度、抗弯弹性模量、顺纹抗压强度与冲击韧性的广义遗传力分别为 :0 4 14 2、0 2 6 4 6、0 10 82、0 2 977和 0 12 4 6 ;种源树高及胸径的广义遗传力为 :0 4 0 5 7和 0 4 74 7;说明湿地松种源木材管胞性状、木材气干密度及树木生长性状 (胞壁率除外 )受中度或弱度遗传控制 ,通过一定强度的选择 ,能获得较高的遗传增益。本研究还从树木生长性状与管胞形态、力学强度方面对 18个种源进 相似文献
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通过对不同间伐强度处理 (未间伐、弱度 (伐去株数 18 6 % )、中度 (伐去 35 7% )、强度 (伐去5 2 9% ) )的 19年生湿地松林分其林木木材的主要材性指标进行全面测试分析研究 ,结果表明 :间伐后 8a ,间伐强度对湿地松木材气干密度、全干密度、径向全干缩率、体积全干缩率、差异干缩、顺纹抗压强度、抗弯强度、弹性模量、径向抗剪强度及端面硬度有显著影响 ;随着间伐强度的增大 ,树干年生长轮平均宽度、木材差异干缩是增大的 ,而随间伐强度的增加木材气干密度、全干密度有不同程度的减小 ,木材顺纹抗压强度、抗弯强度、抗弯弹性模量、硬度等主要力学性质则是呈先增加后减小的趋势。 相似文献
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选取日本落叶松为试验材料,开展不同树龄日本落叶松物理力学性质的比较研究.结果表明:43年生、30年生和17年生日本落叶松木材气干密度分别为0.607,0.567和0.507 g/cm3,气干体积干缩率分别为7.7％,7.7％和7.1％;全干到气干体积湿胀率分别为5.1％,4.9％和4.5％;抗弯弹性模量分别为17.527,16.775和12.510 GPa,抗弯强度分别为121.1,110.3和90.9 MPa,顺纹抗压强度分别为56.8,51.8和44.0 MPa.随着树龄增大,日本落叶松木材密度、顺纹抗压强度、抗弯强度和抗弯弹性模量等各项物理力学性能指标提高,差异干缩逐渐变小.日本落叶松木材的气干密度与抗弯弹性模量、抗弯强度、顺纹抗压强度呈线性正相关,相关系数分别为0.760,0.816和0.900. 相似文献
6.
测量落叶松规格材的波速、峰值电压、时间形心和频率形心等声－超声参数,以及气干密度、抗弯弹性模量和抗弯强度等物理力学性质,研究声－超声参数、气干密度、动态弹性模量等与抗弯性质之间的相关性。为了探索利用声－超声技术预测落叶松抗弯性质的可行性,分别以动态弹性模量和声－超声参数及气干密度为自变量,建立预测其规格材抗弯性质的回归模型。结果表明：所有的声－超声参数、气干密度与抗弯弹性模量均在0.01水平显著相关,峰值电压、频率形心、气干密度与抗弯强度在0.01水平显著相关。利用气干密度、峰值电压和波速3个参数为自变量建立的抗弯弹性模量和抗弯强度的预测模型的相关性(决定系数 r2分别为0.83和0.66)与传统的超声波方法(以动态弹性模量为自变量建立的抗弯弹性模量和抗弯强度预测模型,r2分别为0.80和0.34)相比,模型的预测能力显著提高。利用声－超声技术能够较好地预测落叶松规格材的抗弯力学性质,特别是抗弯强度。 相似文献
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以9年生黑杨派无性系试验林为试材,分析了多个性状间的相关关系,结果表明,生长、干形、冠形及木材性状间均存在显著的相关关系。首次发现树高与边材宽度存在极显著的遗传正相关,表明选育树高生长快的无性系,其边材宽度将得到提高,木材性状相应得到改良;生长性状与气干密度的相关性不显著,故对生长性状的改良并不影响木材性状的表现;气干密度与其它力学性状呈显著或极显著遗传正相关,与干缩率相关不显著,这表明选择气干密度大的无性系,其力学性状会得到显著提高,而对干缩率影响不显著。这些结论对于优良无性系选择具有重要的指导意义。 相似文献
9.
不同立地条件香椿人工林木材材质的比较 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
通过对不同立地条件下香椿人工林木材物理力学性质的测定和比较分析表明:香椿人工林木材密度和干缩性随着立地级的提高而减小;木材顺纹抗压强度、抗弯强度和硬度:Ⅰ级地<Ⅱ级地<Ⅲ级地,抗弯弹性模量、抗劈力、冲击韧性:Ⅱ级地>Ⅰ级地>Ⅲ级地,顺纹抗剪强度:Ⅱ级地>Ⅲ级地>Ⅰ级地。差异显著性t检验表明:香椿人工林木材密度Ⅰ级地、Ⅱ级地、Ⅲ级地间差异不显著。香椿人工林木材干缩性和力学性质指标Ⅰ级、Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级地3者间有的指标差异极显著,有的指标差异显著,大部分指标差异不显著。 相似文献
10.
以102个17年生杉木无性系为试材,对木材的干缩性与吸水性进行测定分析发现,木材干缩性、吸水性在杉木无性系间差异极显著;干缩性变异幅度为3.1%～20.0%,表型变异系数达59.8%;吸水性变异幅度在214.5%～338.1%间,表型变异系数为13.2%。木材干缩性与吸水性均具有明显的无性系方差分量,表明杉木木材干缩性与吸水性受遗传控制。进一步研究显示,杉木无性系木材干缩性遗传变异系数为38.6%,重复力为0.390,均属中低水平;吸水性遗传变异系数值虽较低,但重复力相对较高(0.664),属中上水平;在不同入选率(10%、20%、30%)下,木材干缩性与吸水性随入选率的降低其遗传增益值(绝对值)不断提高。研究还发现,杉木木材干缩性与木材基本密度、心材比间为极显著遗传负相关,与木材吸水性间则表现为极显著遗传正相关;木材吸水性在遗传水平上与胸径、材积、心材比间呈极显著正相关,而与木材基本密度间为极显著负相关。 相似文献
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对4个12年生的日本落叶松无性系幼龄材早材单根管胞进行了拉伸实验。结果表明:日本落叶松无性系幼龄材早材单根管胞拉伸弹性模量、拉伸强度和断裂伸长率的均值分别为11.44 GPa、616.59 MPa和6.54%,相应的变异系数为26.97%、26.26%和23.17%。方差分析表明日本落叶松幼龄材早材单根管胞拉伸弹性模量和管胞断裂伸长率在无性系间差异极显著(0.01水平),拉伸强度在无性系间差异不显著;株内早材单根管胞拉伸弹性模量、拉伸强度和管胞断裂伸长率在年轮间差异显著。对日本落叶松无性系幼龄材早材单根管胞拉伸力学性能进行遗传参数估计,单根管胞弹性模量和断裂伸长率的重复力分别是0.79和0.57,属于中度到强度遗传控制,无性系早期选择及材性遗传改良潜力较大。 相似文献
12.
Eitaro Fukatsu Yoko Fukuda Makoto Takahashi Ryogo Nakada 《Journal of Wood Science》2008,54(3):247-251
Variations in carbon content in wood among 102 clones, selected from almost the entire natural distribution area, were investigated
in Larix kaempferi. The average carbon content was 50.50%, 50.94%, and 50.80% in sapwood, heartwood, and whole wood, respectively. The difference
in carbon content between clones was significant. The clonal repeatabilities were 0.46, 0.38, and 0.44 in heartwood, sapwood
and whole wood, respectively. The coefficients of variation in the clonal mean carbon content were only 0.43%, 0.42%, and
0.41% in heartwood, sapwood, and whole wood, respectively. This small genetic variation and resulting small relative genetic
gain of carbon content indicate that the genetic improvement of carbon content by selection has a small effect on the genetic
improvement of carbon sequestration capacity by selection in L. kaempferi. 相似文献
13.
Chu Demiao Yao Tao Zhou Liang Yan Hanwei Yu Min Liu Yamei You Yunfei Bahmani Mohsen Lu Changqing Ding Zhenhao Liu Shengquan 《European Journal of Forest Research》2022,141(1):59-69
This work focuses on the genetic variation of Chinese fir clones in the radial direction. Four 20-year-old Chinese fir clones were selected in Kaihua Forest Farm, Zhejiang, China, and the differences and genetic characteristics were studied. Clonal repeatability, genotype coefficient of variable, and phenotypical coefficient of variable were calculated to light on the genetic variation on the radial direction. Results showed significant differences (P?<?0.05) between the clones and annual rings of the same clone. The clonal repeatability of the ten wood properties is ranged from 0.5 to 0.8, wherein the fiber length, elastic modulus, and total dry density are higher than 0.7. For all the measured traits, the phenotypic variation of clones is greater than that of the genetic variation. Overall, the measured wood traits, especially the mechanical and physical properties, are strongly controlled by heredity, which means they are potentially helpful for genetic improvement of wood properties and optimal breeding. Furthermore, the clonal repeatability of the measured traits varies between annual rings, and the physical and mechanical properties are relatively stable. The principal component analysis results reveal that the clone of Kai 13 has the highest score.
相似文献14.
The objective of this study was to explore wood variation, especially modulus of elasticity ( moe), density, and microfibril angle ( mfa), in a three-year old Pinus radiata tree clone trial. Moreover, the study examined the potential for genetic selection of radiata pine clones with high moe using current acoustic technology. The clone selection criteria were based on growth traits, basic density, and sound velocity indices to mirror the range in wood density and moe amongst c. 1000 clones. The selected 22 clones, represented by two trees each, were measured for moe, spiral grain, wood density, compression wood percentage, and mfa. Good agreement was found between static moe and dynamic moe. Both static and dynamic moe measurements were found to be primarily dependent on mfa (clonal range 28–39 degrees). Although wood density (clonal range 300–400 kg/m3) did not have a significant influence on moe alone, it was significant in combination with mfa. Compression wood tended to reduce moe and inflate wood density. The opportunities for genetic selection of radiata clones with high stiffness seem promising as the 22 selected clones exhibited a two-fold range of static moe (2.2–4.7 GPa) and the clonal heritabilities (
) for moe, density and mfa were high. 相似文献
15.
Francesco Cortini Arthur Groot Queju Tong Isabelle Duchesne 《Wood Science and Technology》2014,48(6):1181-1196
Wood and fibre properties such as wood density, microfibril angle, and modulus of elasticity are industrially relevant factors in determining the mechanical properties of wood. Radial ring-level predictive models of these properties were developed using balsam fir data from a long-term trial in New Brunswick (Canada), where precommercial thinning was applied 8 years after the site was harvested. The mixed effects models developed accounted for most of the variability in wood density (68 %), microfibril angle (94 %), and modulus of elasticity (77 %) with low RMSE. This study shows that balsam fir wood and fibre properties are strongly related to distance from the pith, particularly in the first 20 mm, and much less to annual ring width. Disk height and selected weather variables related to air temperature during the growing season significantly improved the models, whereas the effect of precommercial thinning was not significant. These equations can be incorporated into computer models, such as Optitek, that simulate mill recovery and wood properties to obtain accurate information on wood products. The unexplained variation in these models is likely related in part to between-tree genetic variation, which is unknown in this study. 相似文献
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为了给椴木百叶窗加工提供理论依据,以椴木为研究对象,对其解剖特征、密度、干缩率及关键力学性能等材性指标进行测试和分析,并与常见的百叶窗树种俄罗斯樟子松进行对比。实验结果表明,椴木纤维长度平均为1 389.74μm,纤维宽度平均为26.30μm,纤维长宽比为53.97,纤维长度、宽度、长宽比值小于俄罗斯樟子松;基本密度、气干密度和全干密度分别为0.42,0.52和0.49 g/cm^3,气干和全干密度均大于俄罗斯樟子松;弦向、径向和体积的气干干缩率分别为6.11%,4.03%和10.59%;弦向、径向和体积的全干干缩率为8.08%,6.09%和13.79%,椴木气干和全干干缩率均大于俄罗斯樟子松;椴木的抗拉强度为103.65 MPa,抗弯弹性模量和抗弯强度分别为10 876.88 MPa和75.01 MPa,椴木的抗拉强度和抗弯弹性模量均大于俄罗斯樟子松,抗弯强度低于俄罗斯樟子松。椴木木材具有较优良的物理力学特性,是制作百叶窗的优良材种。 相似文献
18.
人工林杉木木材力学性质对高温热处理条件变化的响应 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
以人工林杉木为试材,分别用空气和菜子油为介质,在温度为180,200和220 ℃对其分别热处理1,3和5 h,研究试材的抗弯强度(MOR)、抗弯弹性模量(MOE)、顺纹抗压强度、表面硬度对高温热处理条件变化的响应,同时对处理材的主要化学成分进行分析,用扫描电镜对处理材横切面微观结构进行观察.结果表明:人工林杉木试材的4种主要力学性质对不同条件热处理的响应程度不同.无论是空气热处理还是油热处理,试材的MOR,MOE,顺纹抗压强度与对照比有不同程度的降低,且随处理温度升高、时间延长,下降幅度增大,相比于时间,温度的影响更显著;180 ℃热处理1,3和5 h时,试材的MOR,MOE与对照比未发生明显变化(降幅在3%以内),而顺纹抗压强度则明显低于对照,两介质中降低幅度分别在3.29%～9.58%和3.89%～7.18%;200 ℃以上处理时,不同时间处理的3种主要力学性质不仅显著或极显著低于对照,且各性质问的差异也达显著或极显著水平;对硬度的测试结果表明:180 ℃热处理时,试件的径面硬度和弦面硬度均随时间的延长而增大;200 ℃热处理3 h时,试件的硬度达最大,与对照差异达显著水平;随后热处理试件的硬度开始降低,220 ℃热处理5 h后试件的硬度又明显低于对照.在隔氧的油介质中进行热处理,4种主要力学性质的变化程度低于空气介质处理材,当温度高于200 ℃时,两介质处理间的差异达显著水平.而热处理过程中木材主要化学组成与横切面微观结构变化的差异,反映了4种主要力学性质对不同条件热处理时表现出的响应差异. 相似文献