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1.
黄土高原坡面刺槐林土壤水分生态位特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过定位观测并引入土壤水分生态位适宜度,以刺槐林根系分布作为土壤水分生态位权重,对黄土高原刺槐林不同地理位置、不同坡向和不同时期土壤水分生态位进行了分析.结果表明:由南向北,土壤水分生态位递减,淳化刺槐林土壤水分生态位为97.5%,可满足刺槐生长,米脂刺槐林土壤水分生态位为53.2%,林木生长较大受水分的限制;在不同坡向间刺槐林土壤水分生态位表现为阴坡最高,阳坡最低,在生长季节,刺槐的生长受土壤水分的制约,半阴坡和半阳坡介于二者之间;在年内,春旱及春末旱,导致土壤储水量减少,7月初土壤水分生态位降到最低.随着林龄和林木密度的增加,土壤水分生态位降低,保持适当的林分密度,可实现林木的正常生长. 相似文献
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黄土高原坡面刺槐林土壤水分环境的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在测定黄土高原淳化、延安和米脂坡面刺槐林以及坡面农田不同深度土壤含水量的基础上,分析了坡面刺槐林土壤水分环境特点。结果表明:淳化、延安和米脂刺槐林地土壤水分含量较农地分别低8.5%、31.2%和34.2%;淳化土壤水分含量高于米脂坡面土壤水分含量,延安介于二者之间;坡面土壤水分含量随林分密度、林龄的增加而降低,同时阴坡土壤水分含量明显高于阳坡,在连续干旱时仅有表层0~40 cm土壤水分含量受降水影响呈现出一定的波动,而100~200 cm土壤水分呈现持续消耗,深层几乎不受季节的影响。 相似文献
3.
陕北黄土丘陵区不同立地条件下刺槐群落的土壤质量评价 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以陕北黄土丘陵区纸坊沟流域不同立地条件下的刺槐林为对象,采用综合评价法对其土壤质量进行评价。结果表明:24 a刺槐林的土壤含水量、酶活性大于14 a刺槐林;14 a刺槐林的土壤有机质、全氮、速效养分含量大于24 a刺槐林。阴坡刺槐林的土壤含水量、有机质、全氮、酶活性大于阳坡,但阳坡刺槐林的速效养分含量大于阴坡。随土层深度增加,刺槐林土壤含水量、全氮、速效养分以及酶活性降低,土壤p H升高。土壤质量综合指数为:24 a阴坡24 a阳坡14 a阳坡14 a阴坡,表明林龄越大,土壤质量越好。选择土壤生态环境较好的立地营造植被,更有利于生态恢复。 相似文献
4.
甘肃胡杨林分结构的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文采用典型调查方法，经研究分析，揭示了甘肃河西走廊胡杨林分结构和胡杨生长进程规律。结果表明，胡杨生长成熟龄为：胸径２５－３０年，树高１５－２０年，材积４５－５０年。观察林分中，成熟林占８２．８３％，幼林仅为１７．１７％；林木以小径木占优，为８０．２％；林分内天然更新不良。胡杨林呈现出衰退状态。 相似文献
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甘肃北砸山沙冬青种群的空间分布格局 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
在甘肃省的北砸(音)山区选择不同坡向,在不同坡位上采用样方和样线相结合的方法,调查沙冬青群落和种群的数量特征.结果表明:该区域的沙冬青种群稳定,山地阳坡中部的种群稳定增长,人为干扰较频繁的山坡下部为下降型种群.在山地阳坡和阴坡的上部,中龄个体比例最大,幼龄次之,老龄最少,在未来一段时期内该部位的种群将较稳定.阳坡沙冬青的密度和生长势均大于阴坡,在同一坡向上,山坡中部的种群密度最大,绝对密度约为5 000株/hm~2.在阴坡,沙冬青个体的总平均高度略大于阳坡,但阴坡植株基部的分枝数小于阳坡.不同龄级沙冬青植株的差异主要表现为冠幅.所观测年的沙冬青植株间的生长量差异较小,但同株的生长具有年际差异.不同坡向的沙冬青种群分布格局相似,山坡上部和中部的种群呈均匀分布;在坡体下部,种群则以母株为中心,形成集群分布.北砸山沙冬青种群分布位置特殊,有可能成为沙冬青种群未来存在和扩展的重要源地,应加强保护. 相似文献
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露天煤矿排土场边坡水土流失严重。以阜新露天煤矿排土场为对象,探究不同坡位、坡向和恢复年限间土壤团聚体稳定性及分形维数的差异,为排土场边坡生态恢复提供理论依据。选取自然恢复5 a和10 a排土场边坡,分析坡上、坡中和坡下以及阴坡与阳坡间土壤团聚体的平均质量直径(MMD)、几何平均直径(GMD)、分形维数(D)和破坏率(PAD)的差异及其影响因素。结果表明:恢复5 a阴坡及恢复5 a和10 a阳坡土壤团聚体的MMD和GMD从坡上到坡下逐渐增加,D和PAD逐渐减小。MMD和GMD阴坡大于阳坡,D和PAD阴坡小于阳坡。恢复5 a与10 a边坡团聚体的MMD、GMD、D和PAD差异均不显著。与对照裸地相比,坡上团聚体稳定性下降,坡中和坡下略有增加。排土场边坡土壤团聚体的D与MMD、GMD和>0.25 mm团聚体含量呈显著负相关,与PAD呈显著正相关。机械稳定性团聚体的D与含水量呈显著负相关,水稳性团聚体的D与有机质含量呈显著负相关。说明土壤结构和稳定性表现为阴坡好于阳坡,坡下优于坡上,应对不同坡位和坡向采取不同的恢复措施。 相似文献
8.
晋西黄土区林草复合系统刺槐根系分布特征 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
为了研究晋西黄土区林草复合系统树木根系分布特征,采用钻土芯法对刺槐×天然草复合系统0-100 cm土层中刺槐根系生物量、根长和根表面积进行了测定和分析。研究结果表明:同一坡向上刺槐根系生物量、根长和根表面积分布具有相似的特征,在垂直方向上,根系生物量、根长和根表面积均随土层深度的增加呈指数减少,且集中在0～60 cm的土层中;在水平方向上,离树行越近,刺槐根系生物量、根长和根表面积均越大。不同坡向刺槐根系差异显著,相同径级、相同位置阳坡刺槐根系生物量、根长和根表面积均小于阴坡,但根系消弱系数表明阳坡刺槐细根深层土壤生物量分布比例较阴坡多。 相似文献
9.
黄土丘陵沟壑区陡坡微地形分布研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
水分是黄土丘陵沟壑区植被建设的主要限制因素,而陡坡的水分条件差,导致坡面上水分空间差异的微地形成为陡坡坡面植被恢复的关键因素。利用三维激光扫描全站仪实测陕西省吴起县合家沟流域的地形参数,以Arc GIS 9.2为平台,对切沟、浅沟、缓台、塌陷和陡坎5种微地形在陡坡坡面的分布情况进行了研究。结果表明：陡坡坡面微地形占坡面面积比例介于18%～30%,平均为23.13%;各类微地形占坡面面积比例平均值从大到小依次为切沟8.44%、缓台6.66%、浅沟5.00%、陡坎1.53%、塌陷1.52%;坡面坡向和坡面坡度是影响浅沟、切沟和塌陷占坡面面积比例的主要地形要素,陡坎占坡面面积比例主要受坡面坡度的影响,而坡面坡向与坡面坡度对缓台占坡面面积比例均没有明显的影响;不同坡向陡坡微地形占坡面面积比例大小顺序为：阳坡＞半阳坡＞半阴坡＞阴坡,塌陷、浅沟和切沟占坡面面积比例为阳坡和半阳坡大于半阴坡和阴坡;陡坎、浅沟和切沟占坡面面积比例随着坡度的增大而减小、塌陷占坡面面积比例随着坡度的增大而增大。 相似文献
10.
黄土丘陵沟壑区不同土地类型的土壤水分特性 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
在黄土丘陵沟壑区燕沟流域,于2002～2006年定位监测不同类型土地不同坡位、坡向的土壤含水量,对土壤含水量的动态变化进行了系统分析.结果表明:不同土地类型的土壤含水量差异明显,坝地最高,平均19.83%,川台地次之,平均17.21%,梯田平均16.34%,坡地最低,平均15.04%,土壤含水量与年降雨量呈正相关,相关系数为0.68;土壤含水量月变化动态呈现"单谷"曲线,7月份最低;不同坡位的土壤含水量变化趋势为随坡位升高,土壤水分含量递减;不同坡向的土壤含水量变化趋势为阴坡>阳坡. 相似文献
11.
AISHAN Tayierjiang HALIK Ü mü t Florian BETZ TIYIP Tashpolat DING Jianli NUERMAIMAITI Yiliyasijiang 《干旱区科学》2015,7(4):544-554
Understanding stand structure and height-diameter relationship of trees provides very useful information to establish appropriate countermeasures for sustainable management of endangered forests. Populus euphratica, a dominant tree species along the Tarim River watershed, plays an irreplaceable role in the sustainable development of regional ecology, economy and society. However, as the result of climate changes and human activities, the natural riparian ecosystems within the whole river basin were degraded enormously, particularly in the lower reaches of the river where about 320 km of the riparian forests were either highly degraded or dead. In this study, we presented one of the main criteria for the assessment of vitality of P. euphratica forests by estimating the defoliation level, and analyzed forest structure and determined the height-diameter(height means the height of a tree and diameter means the diameter at breast height(DBH) of a tree) relationship of trees in different vitality classes(i.e. healthy, good, medium, senesced, dying, dead and fallen). Trees classified as healthy and good accounted for approximately 40% of all sample trees, while slightly and highly degraded trees took up nearly 60% of total sample trees. The values of TH(tree height) and DBH ranged from 0–19 m and 0–125 cm, respectively. Trees more than 15 m in TH and 60 cm in DBH appeared sporadically. Trees in different vitality classes had different distribution patterns. Healthy trees were mainly composed more of relatively younger trees than of degraded tress. The height-diameter relationships differed greatly among tress in different vitality classes, with the coefficients ranging from 0.1653 to 0.6942. Correlation coefficients of TH and DBH in healthy and good trees were higher than those in trees of other vitality classes. The correlation between TH and DBH decreased with the decline of tree vitality. Our results suggested that it might be able to differentiate degraded P. euphratica trees from healthy trees by determining the height-diameter correlation coefficient, and the coefficient would be a new parameter for detecting degradation and assessing sustainable management of floodplain forests in arid regions. In addition, tree vitality should be taken into account to make an accurate height-diameter model for tree height prediction. 相似文献
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子午岭主要森林类型土壤种子库研究 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
对子午岭天然油松林、人工油松林、人工落叶松林、人工刺槐林四种林分的土壤种子库特征初步研究结果表明 :人工油松林种子库储量平均为 675 .9粒 /m2 ,人工刺槐林为648.8粒 /m2 ,人工落叶松林为 839.4粒 /m2 ,天然油松林为 45 5粒 /m2 ,各林分土壤种子库储量属中等水平 ;本次调查的天然油松林种子库种子活力为零 ,人工油松林种子库活力种子占 0 .5 % ,人工落叶松林种子库活力种子占 4.2 % ,刺槐林种子库活力种子占 74.4%。除人工刺槐林种子库种子质量较高外 ,针叶林各林分种子库种子质量都较差 ;人工油松林林下油松幼苗的分布密度平均为 1～ 3株 /m2 ,人工刺槐林林下多见灌木幼苗 ,另两种林分林下幼苗较少 ,表明不同林分土壤种子库种子都具有一定的萌发能力 ;从各林分土壤种子库的组成看 ,主要树种的种子在种子库中所占比例都在 85 %以上 ,人工油松林土壤种子库物种多样性指数较高 ,而其它林分土壤种子库物种多样性指数均较小 ;土壤种子库中 80 %左右的种子集中分布在枯枝落叶层和 0 - 2 cm土壤层中 ,下层种子数量很少 ;方差分析表明 ,枯枝落叶层厚度、树高、郁闭度、胸径等因子变化对土壤种子库储量影响显著。综合分析认为 ,子午岭主要森林类型土壤种子库能够为林分的天然更新提供基本条件。 相似文献
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Black locust(Robinia pseudoacacia)is widely planted throughout the semi-arid Loess Plateau of China.The spatial distribution of this species at different ages is highly heterogeneous due to restoration and management practices.In this study,we aimed to compare the transpiration levels between different aged black locusts at the tree and stand scales,clarifying the physiological status of this species with different ages.Black locust trees with two representative age classes(12 and 28 years)were selected in the Yangjuangou catchment on the semi-arid Loess Plateau.Sap flux density(F_d)and environmental variables(solar radiation,air temperature,relative humidity and soil water content)were simultaneously monitored throughout the growing season of 2014.Tree transpiration(E_t)was the product of Fd and sapwood area(A_S),and stand transpiration(E_c)was calculated basing on the stand sap flux density(J_s)and stand total sapwood area(A_(ST)).Stomatal conductance(g_s)was measured in a controlled environment and hydraulic conductance was estimated using the relationship between transpiration rate and vapor pressure deficit(VPD).Our results showed that Et and Ec were higher in the 28-year-old stand than in the 12-year-old stand.The gs and hydraulic conductance of 28-year-old trees were also higher than those of 12-year-old trees,and the two parameters were thus the causes of variations in transpiration between different age classes.After rainfall,mean Fd increased by 9% in 28-year-old trees and by 5% in 12-year-old trees.This study thus suggests that stand age should be considered for estimating transpiration at the catchment and region scales in this area.These results provide ecophysiological evidences that the older black locust trees had more active physiological status than the younger ones in this area.These findings also provide basic information for the management of water resources and forests on the semi-arid Loess Plateau. 相似文献
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Effects of microtopography on spatial point pattern of forest stands on the semi-arid Loess Plateau,China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
WeiJun ZHAO Yan ZHANG QingKe ZHU Wei QIN ShuZhen PENG Ping LI YanMin ZHAO Huan MA Yu WANG 《干旱区科学》2015,(3):370-380
Microtopography may affect the distribution of forests through its effect on rain redistribution and soil water distribution on the semi-arid Loess Plateau,China.In this study,we investigated the characteristics of microtopography on two shady slopes(slope A,5 hm2,uniform slope;slope B,5 hm2,microtopography slope) and surveyed the height,the diameter at breast height and the location(x,y coordinates) of all selected individual trees(Robinia pseudoacacia Linn.,Pyrus betulifolia Bunge,Populus hopeiensis Hu & Chow,Armeniaca sibirica Lam.,Populus simonii Carr.and Ulmus pumila Linn.) on slope A and slope B in the watersheds of Wuqi county,Shaanxi province.Subsequently,the effects of microtopography on the spatial pattern of forest stands were analyzed using Ripley’s K(r) function.The results showed that:(1) The maximal aggregation radiuses of the tree species on the uniform slope(slope A) were larger than 40 m,whereas those of the tree species on the microtopography slope(slope B) were smaller than 30 m.(2) On slope B,the spatial association of R.pseudoacacia with P.betulifolia,A.sibirica,P.simonii and U.pumila varied from being strongly negative to positive at microtopography scales.The spatial association of Populus hopeiensis Hu & Chow with U.pumila also varied from being strongly negative to positive at microtopography scales.However,there was no spatial association between P.betulifolia and P.hopeiensis,P.betulifolia and A.sibirica,P.betulifolia and P.simonii,P.betulifolia and U.pumila,P.hopeiensis and A.sibirica,P.hopeiensis and P.simonii,A.sibirica and P.simonii,A.sibirica and U.pumila,and P.simonii and U.pumila.On slope A,the spatial association between tree species were strongly negative.The results suggest that microtopography may shape tree distribution patterns on the semi-arid Loess Plateau. 相似文献
15.
揭示树高、胸径和材积的动态变化过程,对掌握树木个体生长的基本规律和制定相应的抚育管理措施具有重要的现实意义。以准噶尔盆地防护林树种箭杆杨为研究对象, 运用树干解析法,对19 a生箭杆杨的树高、胸径、材积的生长规律进行调查研究。结果表明：箭杆杨的树高速生阶段集中在第3~14 a,胸径速生期为第2~19 a,材积速生期为第2~18 a。树高早期生长缓慢, 其速生期比胸径和材积晚,材积表现为早期速生。在胸径快速增长期间适当进行施肥管理,有利于培育优质大径材。箭杆杨成熟年龄在第27~30 a。建立的箭杆杨树高、胸径和材积生长的6种模型：幂函数型、二、三次多项式回归型、对数型、Logistic以及Richards方程均取得显著的拟合效果(P<0.01),Richards方程是模拟箭杆杨树高、胸径和材积生长进程的最佳模型。 相似文献
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揭示杨树人工林在生长特性方面的变化规律对进一步挖掘杨树人工林的生产潜力和保证林木速生丰产具有十分重要的意义。以新疆准噶尔盆地农田防护林21a生青杨为研究对象,运用树干解析法对其树高、胸径、材积的生长规律进行调查研究。结果表明:青杨生长过程可以分为三个时期,第0～6a为幼树期,第7～15a为速生期,第16～21a为成熟期。树高速生阶段集中在第3～14a,胸径速生期为第6～16a,材积速生期为第7～15a。在胸径快速增长期间适当进行施肥管理,有利于培育优质大径材。青杨数量成熟年龄约为18a,初始防护成熟龄在第8a。建立的青杨树高、胸径和材积生长的六种模型:幂函数型、对数型、指数型、二/三次多项式回归型以及Logistic生长方程均取得较好的模拟效果(R2>0.809),三次多项式方程是模拟青杨树高和胸径生长进程的最佳模型,Logistic模型是模拟青杨材积生长进程的最佳模型。 相似文献
17.
M M HASOBA Ahmed 《干旱区科学》2020,12(4):609-617
Savanna woodlands in Sudan host great biodiversity, provide a plethora of ecosystem goods and services to local communities, and sustain numerous ecological functions. Although the importance of the Acacia trees in these areas is well known, up-to-date information about these woodlands' diversity is limited and changes in their woody vegetation composition, density, diversity and relative frequency are not monitored over time. This study explored tree diversity and stand stage structure in Nuara Reserved Forest, a typical savanna woodland ecosystem in southeastern Sudan. A total of 638 circular sample plots (1000 m2 for each) were established using a systematic sampling grid method. The distance between plots was 200 m. In each plot, all living trees with diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥5.00 cm were identified and counted, and their DBH values were recorded. From these data, tree composition, diversity, density and stage structure were assessed. There were 12,259 individual trees representing four species (Acacia seyal, Balanites aegyptiaca, Acacia Senegal and Acacia mellifera) that belong to two families. The dominant species was Acacia seyal. Average tree density was 191 trees/hm2 and the Shannon-Weiner index for trees diversity was 0.204. Overall, young trees comprised 86.30% of the forest. The state of tree richness and density in the study area was low compared to other similar environments in the region and around the world. We recommended adoption of a proper management system that includes monitoring of woody vegetation diversity in this forest, and management actions to enhance tree diversity and sustain ecosystem services to local communities. In addition to care for the dominant Acacia seyal stands, more attention and conservation should be devoted to reestablishing Acacia senegal and Acacia mellifera trees because of their high ecological and economic values for local communities. 相似文献
18.
密度调控对华北落叶松人工林土壤有机碳及养分特征的影响 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
以华北落叶松人工林为对象,研究不同林分密度下(分别为740、1480、2000和2170株.hm-2)各土层的土壤有机碳含量、有机碳密度、养分特征以及它们之间的相关关系。结果表明:土壤有机碳含量及碳密度随着土壤深度增加而减少,呈明显的垂直分布特征;当林分密度增大到2170株.hm-2时,土壤有机碳含量及碳密度显著增加至最大,分别为25.45g.kg-1和15.68kg.m-2,并与740株.hm-2林地土壤有机碳含量及碳密度差异显著。当林分密度由740株.hm-2增加到2170株.hm-2时,各种养分变化规律不尽一致,但当林分密度为2170株.hm-2时,0-60cm深度的土壤全氮、全磷及速效钾含量均保持在一个相对较高的水平,而土壤全钾和有效磷含量仅在0-20cm土层较高。对于落叶松人工林地整个土壤剖面,土壤有机碳含量及碳密度与土壤全氮、全磷、速效钾含量均呈显著或极显著正相关。从林地土壤固碳的角度,建议将华北落叶松人工林的林分密度控制在2170株.hm-2。 相似文献
19.
Hormoz SOHRABI 《干旱区科学》2016,8(1):138-145
In arid and semi-arid lands using industrial wastewater for irrigating tree plantations offers a great opportunity to fulfill the purpose of Clean Development Mechanism by sequestering carbon in living tissues as well as in soil. Selection of tree for plantation has a great effect on the goal achievements, especially when the managers deal with afforestation projects rather than reforestation projects. The objective of this study was to quantify the above- and below-ground biomass accumulation and carbon storages of the 17-year-old monoculture plantations of mulberry(Morus alba L.), black locust(Robinia pseudoacacia L.), Eldar pine(Pinus eldarica Medw.) and Arizona cypress(Cupressus arizonica Greene) planted in central Iran. To assess the potential carbon storage, we destructively measured individual above- and below-ground tree biomass and developed and scaled models at stand level. Furthermore, carbon content at three soil depths(0–15, 15–30, 30–45 cm), the litter and the understory were assessed in sample plots. The results showed that the total amount of carbon stored by Eldar pine(36.8 Mg/hm2) was higher than those stored by the trees in the other three plantations, which were 23.7, 10.0, and 9.6 Mg/hm2 for Arizona cypress, mulberry and black locust plantations, respectively. For all the species, the above-ground biomass accumulations were higher than those of the below-ground. The root mass fractions of the deciduous were larger than those of the coniferous. Accordingly, the results indicate that the potential carbon storages of the coniferous were higher than those of the deciduous in arid regions. 相似文献