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Activation of the protein kinase Raf can lead to opposing cellular responses such as proliferation, growth arrest, apoptosis, or differentiation. Akt (protein kinase B), a member of a different signaling pathway that also regulates these responses, interacted with Raf and phosphorylated this protein at a highly conserved serine residue in its regulatory domain in vivo. This phosphorylation of Raf by Akt inhibited activation of the Raf-MEK-ERK signaling pathway and shifted the cellular response in a human breast cancer cell line from cell cycle arrest to proliferation. These observations provide a molecular basis for cross talk between two signaling pathways at the level of Raf and Akt. 相似文献
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【目的】探讨印楝素对小菜蛾Plutella xyllostella胚胎细胞增殖和凋亡的影响及可能的机制。【方法】将体外培养的小菜蛾胚胎细胞分为印楝素处理组和未处理组,采用CCK-8试剂盒检测细胞增殖的抑制率,激光共聚焦镜检PI染色后的细胞死亡和DAPI染色后的凋亡小体,通过Western-blotting检测各组细胞Caspase-3的表达情况以及通路蛋白Akt的磷酸化水平。【结果】印楝素对小菜蛾胚胎细胞有明显的增殖抑制作用,且呈现浓度依赖性,24 h的IC_(50)为4.4μg·mL~(-1)。印楝素处理后的细胞经PI染色后能明显观察到死亡细胞,DAPI染色后可见凋亡小体;Caspase-3蛋白发生剪切,并且抑制Akt的磷酸化水平。【结论】印楝素对小菜蛾胚胎细胞的增殖有明显的抑制作用,并通过抑制Akt信号通路的活化,诱导细胞产生依赖于Caspase-3的Ⅰ型凋亡。 相似文献
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Castellone MD Teramoto H Williams BO Druey KM Gutkind JS 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,310(5753):1504-1510
How cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and its proinflammatory metabolite prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) enhance colon cancer progression remains poorly understood. We show that PGE2 stimulates colon cancer cell growth through its heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein)-coupled receptor, EP2, by a signaling route that involves the activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase and the protein kinase Akt by free G protein betagamma subunits and the direct association of the G protein alphas subunit with the regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) domain of axin. This leads to the inactivation and release of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta from its complex with axin, thereby relieving the inhibitory phosphorylation of beta-catenin and activating its signaling pathway. These findings may provide a molecular framework for the future evaluation of chemopreventive strategies for colorectal cancer. 相似文献
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PI3K/Akt信号转导通路在ALV-J感染中作用的初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
【目的】探讨ALV-J在宿主细胞中复制与PI3K/Akt信号转导通路的关系。【方法】将血管瘤病变型ALV-J毒株HN06和骨髓瘤病变型ALV-J毒株NX0101分别感染DF-1细胞,通过Western blot、Real-time PCR、IFA和ELISA等方法,观察细胞Akt蛋白磷酸化水平、病毒RNA表达水平和病毒蛋白表达水平等指标。【结果】HN06株和NX0101株在体外细胞中复制水平有差异。HN06株的早期感染可引起Akt转导通路的活化,病毒引起的Akt磷酸化具有病毒滴度依赖性,而且能被PI3K特异性抑制剂LY294002所抑制,表明HN06株诱导的Akt活化是PI3K途径依赖的。LY294002可在病毒感染早期呈剂量依赖性地显著降低受染细胞中HN06 RNA水平、囊膜蛋白水平和细胞培养物上清中的病毒粒子含量。【结论】PI3K/Akt信号转导通路活化对HN06株在细胞感染早期具有重要的作用,该结果与已报道的有关细胞PI3K/Akt信号转导通路参与NX0101株的早期感染的结论一致。本研究为进一步阐明ALV-J入侵宿主细胞和复制的精确机制等研究奠定了基础。 相似文献
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脑缺血性疾病是人类健康的主要杀手之一,相关研究表明,神经细胞的凋亡是造成脑缺血疾病中神经系统损害的主要机制之一,而以整合素-黏着斑激酶（INT-FAK）控制调节的PI3K/PDK/Akt以及Raf/MEK/ERK两条主要信号途径引起的细胞凋亡是其主要作用机制。凋亡过程出现的诸多能加以调控的信号分子,都可以作为治疗脑缺血性损伤的潜在靶点。随着对脑缺血损伤与神经细胞凋亡关联的深入研究,抗凋亡治疗已经成为治疗脑缺血性疾病的重要途径。 相似文献
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Cantley LC 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,296(5573):1655-1657
Phosphorylated lipids are produced at cellular membranes during signaling events and contribute to the recruitment and activation of various signaling components. The role of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), which catalyzes the production of phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate, in cell survival pathways; the regulation of gene expression and cell metabolism; and cytoskeletal rearrangements are highlighted. The PI3K pathway is implicated in human diseases including diabetes and cancer, and understanding the intricacies of this pathway may provide new avenues for therapuetic intervention. 相似文献
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【目的】鉴定筛选出与卵形鲳鲹卵巢发育相关的候选基因及信号通路,为揭示其卵巢性成熟过程的分子机制打下基础。【方法】挑选卵巢发育处于?期和Ш期的雌性卵形鲳鲹,分别构建卵形鲳鲹卵巢?期和Ш期的cDNA文库,采用Illumina HiSeqTM 2500进行转录组测序,经过滤、质量控制及拼接组装后获得的Unigenes在七大数据库（Nr、Nt、Pfam、KOG/COG、Swiss-Prot、KEGG和GO）中进行比对;通过FPKM及DEGseq筛选出差异表达基因,以GOseq和KOBAS对差异表达基因分别进行功能注释及信号通路富集分析,并采用MISA和GATK3进行SSR鉴定及SNP分析。【结果】卵形鲳鲹卵巢组织转录组测序获得的325156432条Raw reads,经过滤筛选得到317206752条Clean reads,拼接组装后得到59554条Unigenes;69.65%的Unigenes在Nr、Nt、Pfam、KOG/COG、Swiss-Prot、KEGG和GO等七大数据库中注释成功,其中有24599条Unigenes被注释到GO数据库,15997条Unigenes被注释到KEGG数据库。在卵形鲳鲹卵巢组织的2个发育时期共鉴定获得56115个基因,经差异表达分析后获得17737个差异基因,其中8169个基因在卵巢Ш期上调表达、9568个基因在卵巢Ш期下调表达。GO功能注释分析发现,卵形鲳鲹卵巢差异表达基因主要注释在细胞过程、氮化合物代谢过程、初级代谢过程、核、核部分、离子结合及水解酶活性等条目上;而KEGG信号通路富集分析结果显示,17737个差异表达基因显著富集在318条代谢途径上,其中前20条KEGG信号通路包括2-氧代羧酸代谢、PI3K-Akt信号通路、甲状腺激素信号通路、磷脂酶D信号通路、Fc εRI信号通路和细胞周期等。卵形鲳鲹卵巢转录组（59554条Unigenes）中共存在30133个SSRs和82490个SNPs。【结论】GnRHR、FSHR、FSHβ、CYP11A、SIRT3和PEG3等差异表达基因及PI3K-Akt信号通路和VEGF信号通路等与卵形鲳鲹卵巢的发育密切相关,共同调节卵巢的发育与成熟,在卵巢性成熟过程中发挥重要作用。 相似文献
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【目的】开展黔北麻羊黑白毛色差异的蛋白组学分析，明确影响其毛色差异的特异性蛋白及其通路，为揭示黔北麻羊特征毛色的形成机制提供参考依据。【方法】分别采集3只黔北麻羊公羊背部黑色羊毛皮肤组织块和腹部白色羊毛皮肤组织块，通过SDT裂解法提取黔北麻羊皮肤组织蛋白并进行蛋白定量分析，然后对筛选出的显著差异表达蛋白分别进行GO功能注释分析、KEGG通路富集分析及亚细胞定位分析。【结果】通过组间比较共筛选出420个显著差异表达蛋白，与白色羊毛对照组（White）相比，黑色羊毛试验组（Black）有247个显著差异表达蛋白呈上调表达、173个显著差异表达蛋白呈下调表达，其中与形成黑色羊毛的黑色素相关蛋白共有15个，包括表皮视黄醇脱氢酶2（SDR16C5）、视黄醇脱氢酶16（RDH16）、视黄醇饱和酶（RETSAT）和角蛋白79（KRT79）等9个上调蛋白，以及蛋白激酶B （AKT）、β抑制蛋白1 （ARRB1）和分泌型卷曲相关蛋白1 （SFRP1）等6个下调蛋白。GO功能注释分析结果表明，显著差异表达蛋白注释到生物学过程、分子功能和细胞组分三大功能的51条GO功能条目上；亚细胞定位分析显示有159个蛋白定位于细胞质、128个蛋白定位于细胞核及88个蛋白定位于线粒体； KEGG通路富集分析结果表明，这些显著差异表达蛋白富集在209条KEGG通路上，其中5条通路与黑色素生成相关，分别是视黄醇代谢（Retinol metabolism）、黑色素生成（Melanogenesis）、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPK）、磷脂酰肌醇3激酶—蛋白激酶B（PI3K-Akt）和Wnt/β-连环蛋白（Wnt/β-catenin）通路。【结论】导致黔北麻羊存在黑白毛色差异的原因:一方面是参与黑色素生成通路的KRT79及参与视黄醇通路的SDR16C5、RDH16和RETSAT等蛋白表达上调，促进黑色素细胞中黑色素的生成和黑色羊毛的形成；另一方面是参与PI3K-AKT通路的AKT表达下调，以及SFRP1表达下调而降低对Wnt/β-catenin信号通路的抑制，均有利于黑色素生成。 相似文献
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Deregulation of Akt/protein kinase B (PKB) is implicated in the pathogenesis of cancer and diabetes. Akt/PKB activation requires the phosphorylation of Thr308 in the activation loop by the phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (PDK1) and Ser473 within the carboxyl-terminal hydrophobic motif by an unknown kinase. We show that in Drosophila and human cells the target of rapamycin (TOR) kinase and its associated protein rictor are necessary for Ser473 phosphorylation and that a reduction in rictor or mammalian TOR (mTOR) expression inhibited an Akt/PKB effector. The rictor-mTOR complex directly phosphorylated Akt/PKB on Ser473 in vitro and facilitated Thr308 phosphorylation by PDK1. Rictor-mTOR may serve as a drug target in tumors that have lost the expression of PTEN, a tumor suppressor that opposes Akt/PKB activation. 相似文献
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Class I phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathways regulate several important cellular functions, including cellular growth, division, survival, and movement. Class IB PI3K (also known as PI3Kgamma) links heterotrimeric GTP-binding protein-coupled receptors to these pathways. Activation of class IB PI3K results in the rapid synthesis of phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate [PtdIns(3,4,5)P3] and its dephosphorylation product PtdIns(3,4)P2 in the plasma membrane. These two lipid messengers bind to pleckstrin homology domain-containing effectors that regulate a complex signaling web downstream of receptor activation. Characteristic features of this pathway are the regulation of protein kinases and the regulation of small guanosine triphosphatases that control cellular movement, adhesion, contraction, and secretion. Most of the ligands that activate class IB PI3K are involved in coordinating the body's response to injury and infection, and recent studies suggest that small molecule inhibitors of this enzyme may represent a novel class of anti-inflammatory therapeutic agents. 相似文献
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A key issue in signal transduction is how signaling pathways common to many systems-so-called canonical signaling cassettes-integrate signals from molecules having a wide spectrum of activities, such as hormones and neurotrophins, to deliver distinct biological outcomes. The neuroendocrine cell line PC12, derived from rat pheochromocytoma, provides an example of how one canonical signaling cassette-the Raf --> mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) --> extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway-can promote distinct outcomes, which in this case include neuritogenesis, gene induction, and proliferation. Two growth hormones, epidermal growth factor (EGF) and nerve growth factor (NGF), use the same pathway to cause PC12 proliferation and differentiation, respectively. In addition, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), a neurotransmitter that also causes differentiation, uses the same canonical cassette as NGF but in a different way. The Connections Map for PC12 Cell Differentiation brings into focus the complex array of specific cellular responses that rely on canonical signal transduction systems. 相似文献
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Sasaki T Irie-Sasaki J Jones RG Oliveira-dos-Santos AJ Stanford WL Bolon B Wakeham A Itie A Bouchard D Kozieradzki I Joza N Mak TW Ohashi PS Suzuki A Penninger JM 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2000,287(5455):1040-1046
Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) regulate fundamental cellular responses such as proliferation, apoptosis, cell motility, and adhesion. Viable gene-targeted mice lacking the p110 catalytic subunit of PI3Kgamma were generated. We show that PI3Kgamma controls thymocyte survival and activation of mature T cells but has no role in the development or function of B cells. PI3Kgamma-deficient neutrophils exhibited severe defects in migration and respiratory burst in response to heterotrimeric GTP-binding protein (G protein)-coupled receptor (GPCR) agonists and chemotactic agents. PI3Kgamma links GPCR stimulation to the formation of phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-triphosphate and the activation of protein kinase B, ribosomal protein S6 kinase, and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2. Thus, PI3Kgamma regulates thymocyte development, T cell activation, neutrophil migration, and the oxidative burst. 相似文献
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细胞自噬是哺乳动物细胞物质代谢的一个重要机制,与细胞凋亡共同参与卵巢卵泡的发育和闭锁,并发挥重要的作用。近年研究发现,磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶/蛋白激酶B（phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B,PI3K/AKT）信号通路参与卵巢疾病的发生。PI3K和AKT的过度激活可使原始卵泡过早发育以及卵泡过快凋亡,卵巢颗粒细胞作为卵泡发育重要的支持细胞,其功能的减退或凋亡很可能引发一系列女性内分泌方面的疾病。FOXO3a转录因子是PI3K/AKT信号通路下游的重要靶蛋白之一,参与抗增殖和凋亡。本文就关于卵巢颗粒细胞自噬与PI3K/AKT/FOXO3a信号通路的相关进展加以综述。 相似文献
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【目的】 通过分析淅川乌骨鸡全基因组重测序数据,获取淅川乌骨鸡转座子的基本信息和特征分布,探究转座子相关基因参与的通路。不仅对研究淅川乌骨鸡转座子的生物学功能具有重要的意义,而且为探索基因组扩增、基因组功能及进化研究提供重要基础数据。 【方法】 对淅川乌骨鸡血液DNA进行全基因组重测序,采用双末端短序列比对基因组,运用RepeatModeler、TEclass、RepeatMasker等使用流程对转座子进行鉴定、构建、校正、分类和注释,获得淅川乌骨鸡整个基因组所有的转座子,对转座子的特征、分布及和基因的关系等方面进行分析。并对转座子插入的所有基因进行GO和KEGG数据库富集,分别结合GO和KEGG注释结果对功能进行描述。 【结果】 经鉴定、分类和注释,淅川乌骨鸡共鉴定到370 252个转座子序列,分为19个超家族,主要为CR1、TcMar-Mariner、ERVL、ERV1等超家族,进一步说明淅川乌骨鸡转座子类型主要是逆转录转座子;转座子的数目和染色体长度有关,染色体越长,转座子数目越多。在基因组中转座子和基因的密度成反比,基因密集的区域中转座子密度较低;基因组内转座子的插入并非随机的,LTR/ERVL、LTR/ERV1、DNA/PIF-Harbinger、DNA/Hat-Charlie、RC/Helitron等转座子倾向于插入基因外部。GO富集分析表明,在生物过程条目中鉴定出的转座子富集相对较多的是细胞过程、单生物过程、代谢过程、生物调节、刺激反应等;分子功能条目中鉴定出的转座子富集相对较多的是结合、催化活性等;细胞组分条目中鉴定出的转座子富集相对较多的是细胞部分、细胞器、膜等。KEGG富集分析表明,鉴定出的转座子主要在甘油酯代谢、PPAR信号通路、PI3K-Akt信号通路、胰岛素抵抗、Jak-STAT信号通路等通路。着重关注了与淅川乌骨鸡特性相关的通路,如和色素沉积有关的酪氨酸代谢、和肉品质有关的脂代谢、脂肪酸的合成、PI3K-Akt信号通路等。 【结论】 转座子含量与基因组大小,具有一定的正相关性,而且淅川乌骨鸡转座子在基因组的分布存在一定偏好性。转座子相关基因在色素相关通路中富集,其可能与淅川乌骨鸡的种质特性有关,具体的调控机制还有待进一步研究。 相似文献
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目的 观察健脾补土组方对新生SD鼠神经元体外培养低氧/复氧后的凋亡情况以及PI3K、Akt、Caspase-3表达的影响,探讨其减少神经元凋亡的作用机制。方法 原代分离培养新生SD鼠神经元,随机分为正常血清对照组、低氧模型组、神经生长因子组、健脾补土组。将标本低氧诱导24 h,再复氧培养4 h进行造模。用流式细胞术检测神经元凋亡情况,RT-qPCR法检测PI3K、Akt、caspase-3 mRNA的表达,免疫细胞化学法和Western blot法检测PI3K、Akt、caspase-3蛋白的表达。结果 与正常对照组相比,低氧模型组神经元凋亡率显著增加,PI3K、Akt mRNA与蛋白表达显著减少,Caspase-3 mRNA与蛋白表达显著增加;与低氧模型组比较,神经生长因子组、健脾补土组神经元凋亡率均显著减少,PI3K、Akt mRNA及蛋白表达显著增强,Caspase-3 mRNA及蛋白表达显著较少（P<0.01）;与神经生长因子组比较,健脾补土组神经元凋亡率显著减少,PI3K、Akt mRNA及蛋白表达显著增加,Caspase-3 mRNA及蛋白表达显著降低。结论 健脾补土组方能减少脑缺血后神经元的凋亡,其作用机制可能与其通过上调PI3K和Akt的表达水平,最终抑制在细胞凋亡中起关键作用的因子Caspase-3的表达有关。 相似文献
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【目的】明确miR-486对绵羊骨骼肌卫星细胞增殖及PI3K-Akt信号通路相关基因表达的影响,为揭示miR-486对绵羊骨骼肌发育的调控机制打下基础。【方法】以巴什拜羊1日龄羔羊后肢骨骼肌卫星细胞为研究对象,通过转染miR-486 mimics和miR-486 inhibitor致使绵羊骨骼肌卫星细胞中miR-486水平上调或下调,探究miR-486对骨骼肌卫星细胞增殖速度及PI3K-Akt信号通路中PTEN、GSK3b、PRKCα、Raf-1、MAPK1、PKN1、Casp9和SGK1等8个相关基因表达变化的影响。【结果】空白对照及转染miR-486 mimics、miR-486 mimics negative control和miR-486 inhibitor negative control的绵羊骨骼肌卫星细胞均表现出典型的S形增殖曲线,但各处理间的细胞增殖速度存在明显差异。当绵羊骨骼肌卫星细胞中miR-486水平上调可促使细胞进入快速增殖状态,而miR-486水平下调可使细胞保持静止状态。实时荧光定量PCR检测结果表明,当绵羊骨骼肌卫星细胞中miR-486水平上调时,可引起PTEN、Raf-1和MAPK1基因相对表达量极显著下调（P<0.01,下同）,PRKCα和PKN1基因相对表达量极显著上调,SGK1基因相对表达量显著上调（P<0.05）;而GSK3β和Casp9基因相对表达量在不同处理组绵羊骨骼肌卫星细胞间的差异均不显著（P>0.05）,可能在维持绵羊骨骼肌卫星细胞基本生命活动中发挥作用。【结论】miR-486通过调控PI3K-Akt信号通路相关基因的表达而参与绵羊骨骼肌卫星细胞生长发育及增殖,为深入研究miR-486对绵羊骨骼肌发育的调控机理及优质肉羊品种培育打下了理论基础。 相似文献
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Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes of the innate immune system that are involved in the early defenses against foreign cells, as well as autologous cells undergoing various forms of stress, such as microbial infection or tumor transformation. NK cell activation is controlled by a dynamic balance between complementary and antagonistic pathways that are initiated upon interaction with potential target cells. NK cells express an array of activating cell surface receptors that can trigger cytolytic programs, as well as cytokine or chemokine secretion. Some of these activating cell surface receptors initiate protein tyrosine kinase (PTK)-dependent pathways through noncovalent associations with transmembrane signaling adaptors that harbor intracytoplasmic ITAMs (immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs). Additional cell surface receptors that are not directly coupled to ITAMs also participate in NK cell activation. These include NKG2D, which is noncovalently associated to the DAP10 transmembrane signaling adaptor, as well as integrins and cytokine receptors. NK cells also express cell surface inhibitory receptors that antagonize activating pathways through protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). These inhibitory cell surface receptors are characterized by intracytoplasmic ITIMs (immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motifs). The tyrosine-phosphorylation status of several signaling components that are substrates for both PTKs and PTPs is thus key to the propagation of the NK cell effector pathways. Understanding the integration of these multiple signals is central to the understanding and manipulation of NK cell effector signaling pathways. 相似文献
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多囊卵巢综合症(PCOS)是女性常见的生殖功能障碍性疾病,主要表现为卵巢的雄激素过多及排卵障碍,是引起女性不排卵性不孕的主要原因。PCOS患者主要表现为胰岛素抵抗和高胰岛素血症,而PI3K/Akt信号通路是胰岛素发挥生理作用的主要信号通路,并且Akt的下游底物GSK-3是糖原合成的主要调控因子,本文就PI3K/Akt与胰岛素抵抗的关系做一综述,并对PCOS的治疗进行了展望。 相似文献