共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
1.
中国黄淮麦区小麦籽粒硬度Puroindoline基因等位变异检测 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
《分子植物育种》2016,(10)
籽粒硬度是小麦品质性状改良的重要目标之一,研究黄淮麦区核心种质资源小麦籽粒硬度基因型分布规律,能够为中国小麦品质改良和种质资源利用提供信息。以来自中国黄淮麦区的244份小麦核心种质为材料,采用单籽粒谷物特性测试仪和特异引物的PCR扩增对其SKCS硬度及其基因型进行鉴定。结果表明,黄淮麦区小麦核心种质资源以硬质类型为主,占总参试材料的56.6%,其硬质麦基因型共有Pina-D1b、Pina-D1r、Pina-D1s、Pina-D1l、Pinb-D1b、Pinb-D1p、Pinb-D1ac、Pinb-D1e、Pinb-D1t和Pinb-D1u共10种单倍型,其分布比例分别为2.1%、5.3%、4.5%、0.8%、25.8%、15.7%、0.4%、0.4%、0.8%和0.8%。可以看出,Pinb-D1p在参试材料硬质麦中占据主导地位,PINA蛋白缺失类型也有广泛的分布。不同来源小麦品种籽粒硬度基因型分布表明,山西、河南、云南和新疆小麦品种籽粒硬度基因型较为丰富。不同类型小麦品种籽粒硬度基因型分布表明,农家种小麦籽粒硬度基因型更为丰富。在各Puroindoline变异类型中,拥有PINA-null类型的小麦品种SKCS籽粒硬度显著高于拥有Pinb-D1b和Pinb-D1p类型的小麦品种。本项研究表明黄淮麦区核心种质资源具有丰富的籽粒硬度主效基因变异类型,结合先前研究中认为的PINA-null类型的磨粉品质和面包烘烤品质均劣于Pinb-D1b类型,但拥有相对较好的印度薄饼加工品质,因此品质育种过程中可依据育种目标有选择的利用黄淮麦区小麦核心种质资源。 相似文献
2.
为了研究不同硬度等位基因与小麦籽粒淀粉组分含量及特性的关系,为小麦品质改良提供依据,以7个硬度Puroindoline b位点近等基因系为试材,研究了不同硬度基因型对小麦籽粒淀粉组分含量及特性的影响。结果表明,Pina-D1b/Pinb-D1a基因型的籽粒硬度值、支链淀粉含量最高;Pina-D1b/Pinb-D1a基因型的淀粉溶解度最高,而Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1d溶解度最低,两者差异达显著水平;不同基因型之间籽粒淀粉酶解力没有显著差异;冻融失水率以基因型Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b最低,表明Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b基因型冻融稳定性最好,可能较适宜冷冻食品的制作;对于抗性淀粉,Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b基因型的抗性淀粉含量最高、Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1d最低,表明Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b基因型有助于籽粒中抗性淀粉含量的提高。 相似文献
3.
Puroindoline b位点近等基因系对小麦面粉及面包和馒头品质的影响 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4
明确不同硬度等位基因与加工品质的关系对小麦品质改良具有重要意义。本文以7个Puroindoline b位点近等基因系为材料,研究了不同硬度等位基因对小麦面粉及面包和馒头品质的影响。结果表明,Pina-D1b/Pinb-D1a基因型的籽粒硬度值、蛋白质含量以及破损淀粉含量较高;而Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1d基因型的出粉率、面粉亮度较高,具有较好的磨粉品质。和面仪参数中的峰高、峰宽和8 min尾高均以Pina-D1b/Pinb-D1a基因型数值最高,Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1d 基因型最低,且两者之间的差异均达到显著水平;Pina-D1b/Pinb-D1a基因型的衰落角最小。Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1c和Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1d基因型具有较高馒头色泽和张弛性评分,较好的馒头制作品质;Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1e和Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1g基因型次之。Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1f基因型的面包总评分略优于其他基因型。 相似文献
4.
CIMMYT普通小麦籽粒硬度等位变异的检测 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
籽粒硬度主要由5D染色体短臂的一对主效基因Ha控制,研究籽粒硬度等位变异有助于提高小麦的磨粉和食品加工品质。本试验对国际玉米小麦改良中心（CIMMYT）的138份历史品种和代表性高代品系的硬度基因型进行了研究。在用SDS-PAGE鉴定Pina-D1b/Pinb-D1a时,用10%甘油代替水配制分离胶,用PDA代替甲叉配制分离胶和浓缩胶,增强了PINA和PINB两种蛋白带型的分辨率。结果表明,与其他国家硬质麦中Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b类型偏多的特点明显不同,CIMMYT硬质小麦中puroindoline a（PINA）蛋白缺失类型（或称Pina-D1b/Pinb-D1a）较多,为118个,占85.5%;Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1a（野生型）为11个,占8.0%;Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b类型有9个,占6.5%。其中,PINA缺失对小麦籽粒硬度的影响最大,与其他2种基因型硬度值之间差异达5%显著水平。先前研究结果表明,PINA蛋白缺失类型的磨粉品质和面包烘烤品质均劣于Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b类型,因此,建议CIMMYT多引进一些其他硬度变异类型的小麦种质,如Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b类型等,以改善其硬度基因型过度单一的局面,从而减少PINA蛋白缺失带来的不利影响。同时,也提醒我国以其他用途如抗病、抗旱等为目的,引种CIMMYT小麦时,还应充分考虑PINA蛋白缺失对磨粉和加工品质的不利影响,以更合理引进和有效利用CIMMYT种质资源。 相似文献
5.
Puroindoline基因对春小麦磨粉及馒头、面条品质的影响 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
以我国和CIMMYT的41份春小麦品种（系）为材料,研究了puroindoline基因型、SKCS硬度指数、出粉率、面粉灰分含量、面粉色泽（L*、a*和b*）、吸水率、总戊聚糖和水溶性戊聚糖含量以及馒头和面条品质之间的关系。结果表明,5份为Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1a类型,28份为PINA蛋白缺失（Pina-D1b/Pinb-D1a）类型,7份为Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b类型,1份（青春533）为Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1c类型。籽粒硬度与面粉吸水率呈极显著正相关,相关系数为0.80,而与面粉亮度L*呈极显著负相关,相关系数为－0.77。Puroindoline突变型的硬度值、出粉率、吸水率及馒头重量、体积、宽度和总分均显著高于野生型,PINA蛋白缺失类型（Pina-D1b/Pinb-D1a）的籽粒硬度、面粉灰分含量、面粉a*绝对值和水溶型戊聚糖含量均显著高于Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b类型,而馒头外观分和面条软硬度分值则显著低于后者。Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1a类型的面条L*值、L*－b*值和软硬度分值显著高于PINA蛋白缺失类型,而馒头外观颜色和面条b*值则显著低于后者。综合分析表明,Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b类型馒头和面条品质略优于Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1a和Pina-D1b/Pinb-D1a。 相似文献
6.
宁麦9号是江苏省农业科学院选育的优质弱筋专用小麦品种,具有高产、稳产和广泛的适应性及抗小麦黄花叶病、赤霉病等特点,近年来已成为江苏淮南麦区小麦育种的重要亲本。为了解宁麦9号对新育成小麦品种的遗传贡献,利用170对SSR引物,对宁麦9号及其9个衍生品种进行全基因组扫描分析。共检测到471个等位变异位点,每对引物可检测1~6个,平均2.8个。UPGMA聚类分析表明,扬麦18与宁麦9号遗传距离最小,扬辐麦4与宁麦9号遗传距离最大。遗传相似系数表明,在人工选择的作用下,这些以宁麦9号为亲本育成品种的遗传背景一半以上来自宁麦9号。宁麦9号等位变异在其衍生材料中的分布比例因品种而异,且不同染色体间差异较大,但相同位点的等位变异比例在A、B、D染色体组间相近。全基因组SSR扫描分析发现,10个标记位点在宁麦9号和由其选育的9个新品种具有完全相同的扩增带型,其中9个位点与重要农艺性状相关,或与控制优良性状的基因紧密连锁。将宁麦9号与主要弱筋小麦生产品种宁麦13（宁麦9号系选）进行基因组比较,两者遗传相似系数达0.732,说明宁麦13与宁麦9号遗传背景高度相似,而且两品种在蛋白质含量和抗赤霉病位点相关标记位点高度一致,这一结果可以部分解释宁麦13同样具有的抗赤霉病与优质弱筋的优点。 相似文献
7.
[目的]对刺槐Genomic-SSR与EST-SSR的遗传差异性进行研究,为今后刺槐遗传多样性分析等育种相关研究中合理选用不同来源的SSR分子标记奠定基础。[方法]选取来自美国四个不同采集地的种子育出的12个刺槐个体,试剂盒提取DNA后分别利用9对Genomic-SSR引物和9对EST-SSR引物进行扩增,并采取毛细管电泳检测扩增产物。利用所得条带信息及相关软件对两种SSR分子标记进行多态性、遗传相似系数相关性以及聚类等方面的比较分析。[结果]刺槐Genomic-SSR平均检测到的条带数为6.0、Shannon多样性指数为1.3833、观测杂合度为0.5749、期望杂合度为0.6832；EST-SSR平均检测到的条带数为5.1、Shannon多样性指数为1.2711、观测杂合度为0.5648、期望杂合度为0.6526。由Genomic-SSR计算得到的个体间的遗传相似系数以及聚类结果与两种SSR标记综合计算得到的遗传相似系数和聚类结果更为相似。[结论]刺槐Genomic-SSR与EST-SSR存在一定的遗传差异性,但差异并不显著；刺槐Genomic-SSR能更加准确地揭示基因型之间的遗传关系；刺槐EST-SSR具有相对较强的保守性。 相似文献
8.
新疆薰衣草种质资源遗传多样性的ISSR分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本研究应用ISSR标记对19份薰衣草种质的遗传多样性进行分析。结果显示:从100条引物中筛选出9条多态性明显的引物,19份材料DNA共扩增出94条谱带,其中多态性谱带40条,多态性比率为42.6%,平均每个引物扩增条带数为10.4条;9条ISSR引物可将所有样品完全分开,当遗传相似阈值为0.69时,可将样品分为3个类群:第Ⅰ类群13个品种(系)可分为2个亚类,第Ⅱ类群5个品种(系)可分为2个亚类,第Ⅲ类群1个品种(系)。样品间的遗传相似性系数为0.325~0.975(平均0.737)。群体的有效等位基因数、基因多样度、Shannon信息指数分别为1.454 0、0.280 5和0.435 4。研究结果表明,19个新疆薰衣草种质资源遗传多样性水平处于较高。 相似文献
9.
10.
《分子植物育种》2017,(3)
Puroindoline b-2(Pinb-2)基因与籽粒硬度基因Puroindoline b序列高度相似,与小麦籽粒硬度及其产量性状密切相关。本研究以3个籽粒硬度基因(Pina-D1,Pinb-D1和Pinb-2)的特异性功能标记对新疆99份冬小麦和24份春小麦品种(系)进行分子标记检测。在123份新疆小麦品种(系)中Pina-D1和Pinb-D1基因位点Pina-D1a、Pina-D1b、Pinb-D1a和Pinb-D1b等位变异的频率分别为85.4%、14.6%、57.7%和42.3%;在Pinb-2位点,39.0%的小麦品种含Pinb-2v2(低千粒重)等位基因,61.0%的小麦品种含Pinb-2v3(高千粒重)等位变异。在3个位点基因型组合分析表明,在所检测的新疆小麦种质中共有6种基因型组合,其中2种软质麦基因型Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1a/Pinb-2v2,Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1a/Pinb-2v3和3种硬质麦Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b/Pinb-2v2、Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b/Pinb-2v3、Pina-D1b/Pinb-D1a/Pinb-2v2、Pina-D1b/Pinb-D1a/Pinb-2v3,其分布频率分别为19.5%、22.8%、13.05%、30.1%、6.5%和8.1%。新疆冬小麦共有5种基因型组合,在不同类型冬麦资源中,具有高千粒重的软质麦类型Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1a/Pinb-2v3的分布频率大小顺序为地方品种(52.9%)自育品种(25.6%)引进品种(12.8%),与之相反,具有较高千粒重的硬质麦类型Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b/Pinb-2v3和PinaD1b/Pinb-D1a/Pinb-2v3的分布频率大小顺序为:引进品种(53.8%)自育品种(32.5%)地方品种(5.9%);新疆春小麦共有6种基因型组合,在不同类型春麦资源中,具有高千粒重的软质麦类型Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1a/Pinb-2v3的分布频率大小顺序为:早期品种(20.0%)晚期品种(10.5%),与之相反,具有较高千粒重的硬质麦类型Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b/Pinb-2v3和Pina-D1b/Pinb-D1a/Pinb-2v3的分布频率大小顺序为:晚期品种(47.4%)早期品种(45.8%)。新疆小麦以硬质麦为主,在软冬麦、硬冬麦、软春麦和硬春麦中均是具有Pinb-2v3(高千粒重)等位变异类型的分布频率高于具有Pinb-2v2(低千粒重)等位变异类型。将3个位点特异性标记结合起来使用,不仅能有效的应用于小麦与籽粒硬度改良,同时能应用于小麦产量性状改良方面。 相似文献
11.
Grain hardness is a major factor influencing the classification and end-use quality of bread wheat. In this study, 40 Yunnan endemic wheats, 21 historical cultivars and 66 current cultivars and advanced lines were investigated for kernel hardness and puroindoline alleles using molecular and biochemical markers. The frequencies of soft, mixed and hard genotypes were 10.0%, 5.0% and 85.0%, respectively, in Yunnan endemic wheats, whereas the corresponding frequencies were 47.6%, 23.8% and 28.6% in historical cultivars, and 36.3%, 6.1% and 57.6% in current cultivars and advanced lines. Four known puroindoline alleles, Pina-D1b, Pinb-D1b, Pinb-D1d and Pinb-D1e, were found in the hard wheat cultivars. Compared with endemic wheats and historical cultivars, current cultivars from Yunnan province have relatively high frequencies of Pina-D1b and Pinb-D1b alleles at 43.5% and 16.1%, respectively. All 32 hard Yunnan endemic wheats (Triticum aestivum ssp. yunnanense King) contained a new puroindoline b allele, designated Pinb-D1u, that was characterized as a single nucleotide (G) deletion at position 127 in the coding sequence of the Pinb gene, leading to a shift of the open reading frame (ORF) from position 14 in the deduced amino acid sequence and a stop codon corresponding to position Leu-18. The average SKCS hardness of genotypes with Pina-D1b (68.2) is significantly higher than those of Pinb-D1b (60.3) and Pinb-D1u (60.5). The study of puroindoline alleles in Yunnan germplasm could provide useful information for improving processing quality and further understanding the molecular basis of kernel hardness in bread wheat. 相似文献
12.
利用已知植物抗病基因编码氨基酸保守区域NBS-LRR（核苷酸结合位点-富亮氨酸区域）设计了42个简并引物组合，运用抗病基因类似物多态性（resistance gene analog polymorphism，RGAP）分子标记技术，对中国春、中国春-长穗偃麦草双二倍体及其附加系和代换系基因组DNA进行PCR扩增。结果表明，共有38对引物组合获得扩增产物，其中35对在普通小麦中国春、中国春-长穗偃麦草双二倍体中能扩增出多态性，平均每个引物组合扩增出38.5个片段。在普通小麦背景下，共获得275条长穗偃麦草E基因组多态性谱带，占扩增总谱带数的17.44%，揭示出在普通小麦背景下E基因组和普通小麦A、B、D基因组间的高丰度遗传变异。另外，利用RGAP分子标记技术，构建了一套完整的长穗偃麦草1E~7E染色体的特异RGAP标记。为小麦背景中长穗偃麦草外源遗传物质的快速检测提供了新途径。 相似文献
13.
Grain hardness plays an important role in determining both milling performance and quality of the end-use products produced
from common or bread wheat. The objective of this study was to characterize allelic variations at the Pina and Pinb loci in Xinjiang wheat germplasm for further understanding the mechanisms involved in endosperm texture formation, and the
status of grain texture in Chinese bread wheat. A total of 291 wheat cultivars, including 56 landraces, and 95 introduced
and 140 locally improved cultivars, grown in Xinjiang, were used for SKCS measurement and molecular characterization. Among
the harvested grain samples, 185 (63.6%), 40 (13.7%), and 66 (22.7%) were classified as hard, mixed and soft, respectively.
Eight different genotypes for the Pina and Pinb loci were identified, including seven previously reported genotypes, viz., Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1a, Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b, Pina-D1b/Pinb-D1a, Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1p, Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1q, Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1aa, Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1ab, and a novel Pinb allele, Pinb-D1ac. This new allele, detected in Kashibaipi (local landrace) and Red Star (from Russia) has a double mutation at the 257th (G
to A substitution) and 382nd (C to T substitution) nucleotide positions of the coding region. Pina-D1b, Pinb-D1b, and Pinb-D1p were the most common alleles in Xinjiang wheat germplasm, with frequencies of 14.3%, 38.1% and 28.6% in hard textured landraces,
25.5%, 56.9% and 11.8% in hard introduced cultivars, and 24.8%, 47.8% and 26.5% in hard locally improved cultivars, respectively.
The restriction enzymes ApaI, SapI, BstXI and SfaNI were used to identify Pinb-D1ab or Pinb-D1ac, Pinb-D1b, Pinb-D1e and Pinb-Dg, respectively, by digesting PCR products of the Pinb gene. The unique grain hardness distribution in Xinjiang bread wheat, as well as the CAPs markers for identification of the
Pinb alleles provided useful information for breeding wheat cultivars with optimum grain textures.
Liang Wang and Genying Li—contributed equally to this work. 相似文献
14.
Kristene R. Gedye Arthur D. Bettge Garrison E. King Craig F. Morris 《Euphytica》2005,141(1-2):121-127
Kernel texture is an important characteristic for both the milling and the end-use quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Gene sequence variation and mutations to the two puroindoline genes (Pina and Pinb), located at the Ha locus on chromosome 5DS, account for the majority of variation in wheat kernel texture. Other factors also influence kernel texture, including effects associated with different maternal parent backgrounds. To investigate the effect of two hard puroindoline alleles in different maternal backgrounds, a population of 228 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a reciprocal cross between two wheat cultivars ID377s (Pina-D1b/Pinb-D1a) and Klasic (Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b) were examined in two succeeding generations (F7 & F8). Kernel texture was determined using the Single Kernel Characterization System (SKCS) and the RIL puroindoline haplotype was identified by the sequence-specific PCR amplification of each gene. Analysis of variance identified a significant (P 0.001) effect of the maternal parent and puroindoline mutation on kernel texture. RILs containing the Pina-D1b mutation were significantly harder than lines containing the Pinb-D1b mutation. RILs which had Klasic as the maternal parent were significantly harder than those which had ID377s as the maternal parent. When the maternal parent and puroindoline allele were analyzed in combination, RILs derived from Klasic as the maternal parent and the Pina-D1b allele were significantly harder (P 0.001) than those containing the same allele but ID377s as the maternal parent. The same occurred for RILs containing the Pinb-D1b allele, lines with Klasic as the maternal parent were harder than lines with ID377s as the maternal parent. These results corroborate the harder phenotype of the Pina-D1b allele and indicate a significant maternally-inherited contribution to kernel texture variation. 相似文献
15.
获得小麦低分子量谷蛋白基因家族新成员, 为深入研究该基因家族的组成及其在染色体上的分布与进化奠定基础。本研究根据已发表的小麦低分子量麦谷蛋白基因序列设计了1对简并引物, 以从硬粒小麦品种Langdon BAC文库中筛选的携带小麦低分子量谷蛋白基因的BAC为模板, 利用同源序列克隆技术克隆了1个MET类型的小麦低分子量谷蛋白基因LMWLDN-M, 该基因编码350个氨基酸。利用LMWLDN-M与本实验室克隆的Langdon品种其他类型的小麦低分子量谷蛋白基因之间的SNP, 设计了该类型基因特异的引物。以Langdon代换系和中国春小麦缺体-四体为模板进行PCR扩增, 将该基因定位到小麦B基因组上。序列分析表明, LMWLDN-M为Glu-B3基因家族的一个新成员。 相似文献
16.
17.
一个与小麦雄性不育育性转换相关的MADS-box转录因子基因 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了揭示YS型小麦温敏雄性不育育性转换的基础, 构建了该类型不育系A3017的不育和可育幼穗正、反杂交的两个SSH-cDNA文库。经文库比较, 在不育文库中筛选出一个与MADS-box基因同源的EST序列(GenBank登录号: 36925702)。以该EST序列的同源性比对和拼接结果为依据, 设计引物对该基因在可育和不育幼穗中的表达进行了RT-PCR分析, 结果表明, 该基因在不育幼穗中表达量较高, 可育幼穗中表达量很低。对不育幼穗中扩增出的cDNA片段进行克隆测序, 获得了666 bp的cDNA序列。序列分析表明, 该片段编码160个氨基酸, 具有MADS-box转录因子的典型结构域K-box, 被定名为TaMS-MADSbox, 与一个小麦MADS box转录因子基因WAG的氨基酸序列的相似性为94%。进一步以3种不同类型的小麦雄性不育系和保持系的幼穗cDNA为材料, 利用半定量RT-PCR对该基因的表达模式分析发现也存在类似差异, 该基因在不育系幼穗中表达量较高, 而保持系幼穗中表达量较低。以上分析表明, 该MADS-box转录因子基因的表达与小麦雄性不育系的育性转化相关, 表达量高时表现雄性不育, 表达量低时表现雄性可育。 相似文献
18.
Characterization of genetic diversity of puroindoline genes in Mexican wheat landraces 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Grain hardness is a major factor determining milling performance of common wheat. It determines the amount of damaged starch generated during milling, and therefore the end use of a given variety. One hundred and two lines from 15 Mexican wheat landraces were analyzed for grain hardness and for its genetic control. Sixteen lines were hard and 86 were soft-textured. All hard lines could be explained by a mutation in either the Pina-D1 or Pinb-D1 genes. In six hard lines there was no amplification of Pina-D1, suggesting that this gene was deleted (Pina-D1b allele). The remaining ten hard lines showed the presence of both Pina-D1 and Pinb-D1. Sequencing the Pinb-D1 genes of the hard lines revealed the presence of two different alleles (Pinb-D1b and Pinb-D1e). The results substantiate the importance of very old Mexican landraces as potential sources of genetic diversity for key quality traits in the development of modern wheat cultivars with different grain textures. 相似文献