共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 250 毫秒
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荞麦轮纹病抗性鉴定方法的建立及荞麦抗病种质资源的筛选 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为建立荞麦轮纹病的抗性鉴定方法和筛选可利用的抗轮纹病的荞麦种质资源,本研究以TP2和KP14为供试材料,在健康荞麦叶片正面针刺处理,然后用荞麦轮纹病的病原菌菌饼进行接种;利用建立的抗性鉴定方法,对50份荞麦种质资源进行抗病性评价。结果显示:针刺5针接种叶片病斑出现较快,且比针刺1针、针刺3针的叶片病斑大,针刺5针的病情指数最高。50份荞麦种质资源的病情指数有差异,其中YZ-18的病情指数为29.63,为高抗种质资源,YZ-2、YZ-5、YZ-13和YZ-9的病情指数均低于40,为中抗种质资源,其余为感病种质资源。因此,接种前叶片正面针刺5针的方法为最佳的抗性鉴定方法。50份抗性评价的荞麦种质资源中,筛选出5份抗病种质资源。 相似文献
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黄瓜枯萎病接种方法及抗性遗传的研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
黄瓜枯萎病是严重危害黄瓜生产的一种世界性土传病害,建立黄瓜枯萎病接种方法,从而实现快速、准确地对黄瓜种质资源进行抗病性筛选,明确不同黄瓜种质材料对枯萎病的抗性水平,可为黄瓜抗病育种提供重要依据.试验选用5份抗感枯萎病黄瓜材料及其杂交后代,以危害我国黄瓜生产的优势枯萎病生理小种4为供试菌源,开展了苗期人工接种枯萎病抗性鉴定方法以及枯萎病抗性遗传规律研究.结果表明,浸根接种法,以1×106孢子/mL的接种液接种子叶期幼苗,在白天24～28℃,夜晚16～20℃的温室中培养,接种后10～14 d即可正确区分品种之间的抗感性差异.该方法发病迅速,整齐度、重复性好,是较理想的黄瓜枯萎病接种方法.运用浸根接种法对以WIS2757和津研2号为双亲构建的F1、F2、F4 52个株系的各世代接种结果表明,WIS2757抗枯萎病,津研2号感枯萎病,F1群体抗枯萎病.根据F2群体和F4株系的抗病表现推断WIS2757对黄瓜枯萎病的抗性符合显性单基因的遗传模式.同时通过对Cu13和京育202及其F1的接种鉴定表明,Cu13抗枯萎病,京育202感枯萎病,F1群体表现中抗,初步认为抗病材料Cu13由多基因调控. 相似文献
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向日葵菌核病田间接种方法及品种抗病性研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
建立有效的向日葵菌核病盘腐田间接种鉴定方法,对向日葵抗性资源筛选和抗病育种具有重要意义。试验以菌核病菌PDA菌丝体悬浮液、高粱粒菌丝体和子囊孢子悬浮液作为接种物,分别对不同抗感向日葵品种在R5.1（始花期）、R5.5（半开花期）和R6（盛花期）进行人工接种,从而筛选出最佳接菌物类型、浓度及接种时期,并用此方法对18个品种连续2年进行了抗性评价。试验结果表明：3种接种物均可使不同向日葵抗感品种产生盘腐症状。PDA菌丝体为30.0 g/L、高梁粒菌丝体为0.4 g/盘和子囊孢子为1×103个/mL浓度即可区分出向日葵品种间抗感性差异。R5.1~R5.5接种较R6可获得更高的发病率及病情指数。正交试验结果表明,田间盘腐接种的最佳条件为：接种物为子囊孢子悬浮液,浓度为1×103个/mL,接种时期为R5.1,保湿时间为48 h。同时筛选出4个对盘腐型菌核病表现抗病的向日葵品种。本研究所建立的向日葵田间接种方法能够有效地对向日葵进行抗菌核病筛选和鉴定。 相似文献
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一种同时评价小麦抗赤霉病侵入和扩展的策略 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
抗侵入(typeⅠ)和抗扩展(typeⅡ)是小麦对赤霉病抗性的两种主要类型,其抗性机制迥异,接种方法和抗性鉴定指标也完全不同。为了建立一种同时评价这两种抗性的策略,本研究以喷雾接种后14d和21d的病小穗数(NDS14和NDS21)以及这两种数据的差值(DNDS)作为抗性鉴定指标。利用从南大2419×望水白重组自交系群体中所获得表型数据进行QTL定位,结果表明,NDS14主要反映抗侵入性,DNDS主要反映抗扩展性,这说明在同一试验中同时评价抗赤霉病侵入和扩展这两种抗性是可行的。与分别进行这两种抗性鉴定的方法相比,本研究所提出的策略所需资源更少、更省时省力,可广泛用于小麦抗赤霉病育种以及抗性遗传分析的研究。 相似文献
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为探究快速评价烟草青枯病抗性的室内鉴定体系,并为烟草青枯病抗性突变体遗传规律的研究和选育优质抗性品种奠定试验基础。本研究选用EMS诱变烤烟品种‘翠碧一号’获得的烟草青枯病抗性突变体‘486-K’为研究对象,以野生型品种‘翠碧一号’、感病品种‘红花大金元’和抗病品种‘岩烟97’作为3个对照品种。在安徽和福建病圃开展病情调查,室内接种鉴定采用伤根浸泡法接种烟草幼苗,探究5种青枯菌液接种浓度(OD600=0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5)的烟草幼苗的发病情况,确定最适的青枯菌液接种浓度。结合田间病情调查结果进行相关性分析,明确室内伤根浸泡法在研究烟草青枯病抗性中的可行性。结果表明,田间与室内病情鉴定发现突变体‘486-K’的病情指数均显著低于‘岩烟97’(P<0.05),认为抗性高于抗病品种‘岩烟97’,室内接种鉴定的最适青枯菌液浓度为3.8×108 cfu/m L(OD600=0.3)。安徽和福建病圃的发病率与室内接种鉴定结果相比,均呈显著正相关(P<0.05),相关系数分别为0.915和0.933,说明室内鉴定采用伤根浸泡法能够准确判定材料的抗性水平。研究结果为其他烟草青枯病抗性材料的鉴定提供理论依据。 相似文献
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烟草抗青枯病突变体的室内接种鉴定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探寻更加快速准确的烟草青枯病抗病性室内鉴定方法,为烟草抗青枯病材料的抗病性鉴定、筛选及后续研究提供参考,本研究选用14个经EMS诱变获得的烟草抗青枯病突变体及‘红花大金元’、‘翠碧一号’、‘岩烟97’三个对照品种为研究对象,采用伤根浸泡法接种烟草幼苗,对4种浓度梯度(1×10~6 cfu/m L, 1×10~7cfu/mL, 1×10~8cfu/mL和1×10~9 cfu/mL)的青枯菌菌悬液接种的烟草幼苗的发病情况进行了连续的调查,确定了最适的接种浓度和病情调查时间,并与自然病圃病情调查结果进行相关性分析,系统评价了室内伤根浸泡法在快速评价烟草青枯病抗性中的可行性。结果显示,以浓度为1×10~8 cfu/mL的青枯菌菌悬液进行浸染、接种第12天调查获得的发病情况为主要评价指标,14个供试材料的室内抗病率与田间自然病圃抗病率非常接近,呈极显著正相关,相关系数为0.964。由此可见,室内可控条件下的伤根浸泡法能够真实地反映材料的抗性水平,具有快速、经济、可靠的优点,可以为烟草青枯病抗性鉴定提供科学依据。 相似文献
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为鉴定和筛选出适于黄淮海地区种植的抗粗缩病的玉米新品种,采用田间自然感病鉴定的方法,对295份玉米自交系和10个用其组配的高产杂交组合进行粗缩病抗性鉴定。鉴定出高抗玉米自交系12份、抗性玉米自交系32份、中抗玉米自交系69份、感病玉米自交系71份和高感玉米自交系115份以及3个抗粗缩病的玉米杂交组合。其中,12份高抗玉米自交系可以直接用于抗粗缩病玉米新品种的选育。在选育抗粗缩病玉米新品种的初期,必须确保玉米杂交组合的母本和父本均达到中抗以上水平,或者其父本或母本之一必须为高抗粗缩病的自交系。 相似文献
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Summary The two most serious diseases of cassava (Manihot esculenta
Crantz) are cassava mosaic disease (CMD) and cassava bacterial blight (CBB) (Xanthomonas manihotis
Starr). Clone 58308, derived from the third backcross of the interspecific cross of cassava (M. esculenta) x ceara rubber (M. glaziovii), showed a high level of resistance to both diseases. Crosses of 58308 with several other clones which varied from susceptible to moderately susceptible to both diseases gave progenies with a significant genotypic correlation between resistance to both diseases (r=0.90), apparently due to linkage. The heritabilities of resistance to the diseases were estimated at 50–70% for CMD and 25–65% for CBB. Resistance to both diseases is assumed to be polygenic. The correlated response to selection for CMD and for CBB was estimated. 相似文献
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The aim of this study was to obtain information on the response of cassava(Manihot esculenta Crantz) to root-knot nematode infestation. To achieve this aim, a novel in vitro dual root/nematode culture method was used, where root cultures of several cassava cultivars were inoculated with axenic
Meloidogyne javanica eggs. Following an incubation period,cassava roots were stained, weighed and dissected to determine the number of galls produced
on the roots, as well as the number of mature females embedded in the galls. The number of eggs and larvae produced during
this time were also determined. Results indicated that the modified in vitro nematode culture medium used was suitable for
most root cultures of cassava cultivars. It was found that some cassava cultivars were highly susceptible to root-knot nematode
infestation, with some cultivars showing very high numbers of galls and up to 50 mature females inside each gall. Some cassava
cultivars screened, however, showed low numbers of galls and mature females, even though the presence of larvae was high.
Some of these cultivars formed callus-like structures instead of galls, and this may be a resistance mechanism. This method
may be useful as a screening tool, to determine the response and resistance or susceptibility of cassava cultivars to root-knot
nematode infestation.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Dante L. Adorada B. J. Stodart C. Vera Cruz G. Gregorio I. Pangga G. J. Ash 《Euphytica》2013,192(1):1-16
Sheath lesions, grain sterility and grain discolouration of rice caused by Pseudomonas fuscovaginae can cause yield losses of up to 100 %. The most sustainable method of managing this disease is the use of host plant resistance. To identify sources of resistance an inoculation method that is practical, rapid and reliable is needed. We compare three different inoculation methods. Results showed that the pin-prick method is appropriate for identifying sources of resistance to P. fuscovaginae, while the spray method could be useful for mass screening of rice genotypes. The seed-soaking method was also evaluated and has showed potential in detection of early disease resistance. A total of 16 Multiparent Advanced Generation Inter-Crosses and 20 OryzaSNP set varieties from the International Rice Research Institute were evaluated using the pin-prick and seed-soaking methods. All growth stages were susceptible to the pathogen and the 107 cfu mL?1 inoculum concentration was optimal for discriminating between resistant and susceptible genotypes. For the pin-prick method, a single point assessment of disease severity at 14 days post-inoculation could be used instead of the AUDPC values to classify genotypes. An index of reduction in seedling height 10 days after seed soaking was established for the classification of the genotypes reaction to the disease. Resistant varieties identified using both the pin-prick and seed-soaking methods could be verified for use in disease resistance breeding programs. Of the 36 genotypes evaluated 22 were found to be resistant at the late booting or early panicle exsertion stage by pin-prick method, while 25 were resistant at the seed to germination stage. No correlation was found between the resistance classification of varieties between the two inoculation methods, indicating that there could be different mechanisms of resistance to P. fuscovaginae in rice. 相似文献
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成都平原主栽大白菜品种根肿病抗性的鉴定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为明确成都平原地区主栽大白菜品种对根肿病的抗性情况,于2018年分别在成都市新都区、彭州市和崇州市3个试验田块对45个大白菜主栽品种采用田间抗鉴圃自然感染诱发法进行根肿病抗性鉴定,通过调查根部根肿病发病程度评价各品种的抗性。结果表明,在崇州自然病圃中表现为免疫的品种有4个,占总品种的8.9%;其余品种均表现为感病或高感,占比91.1%。彭州的结果显示,在所测定的45个品种中,免疫品种有6个;耐病品种有11个;剩余28个品种为感病或高感品种。而在新都发病田块中,只有2个品种表现为对根肿病免疫,16个品种表现为耐病,27个品种表现为感病或高感。部分品种在不同地区抗性结果表现不一致,试验鉴定到2个对根肿病免疫的优异品种,可为选育和应用抗性品种提供借鉴。 相似文献
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LI Wei-Tao XU Zhi-Jun CAI Yan GUO Jian-Bin YU Bo-Lun HUANG Li CHEN Yu-Ning ZHOU Xiao-Jing LUO Huai-Yong LIU Nian CHEN Wei-Gang REN Xiao-Ping JIANG Hui-Fang 《作物学报》2020,46(4):484-490
青枯病是影响花生产量和品质的重要土传性细菌病害,百果重和出仁率是与花生产量相关的重要性状。本研究利用远杂9102和徐州68-4杂交构建的RIL群体,在B02染色体上定位到青枯病抗性主效QTL qBWRB02。结合前期对百果重和出仁率QTL的定位结果发现,所涉及的3个性状的主效QTL分布在不同的染色体上。以RIL群体基因型数据和多个环境的青枯病抗性、百果重和出仁率表型数据为基础,利用与主效QTL紧密连锁分子标记筛选出6份聚合抗青枯病、荚果大、出仁率高3种优良性状的新种质,可以作为育种中间材料或亲本培育高产抗病新品种。本研究利用分子标记辅助选择和表型鉴定相结合有效筛选抗病高产种质,为未来花生育种提供了新思路。 相似文献
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I. R. M. Benesi M. T. Labuschagne L. Herselman N. M. Mahungu J. K. Saka 《Euphytica》2008,160(1):59-74
When cassava is harvested too early, it often leads to reduction in yield, while delayed harvest leads to development of woody
and fibrous tuberous roots, and reduction in starch content. The optimum harvest time is not known. The objectives of this
study were to determine the effect of genotype, location and season on starch extraction in order to find an optimum harvest
regime for cassava, and to find the best parameter for monitoring starch levels in cassava tuberous roots. Results showed
that genotypic effect was large for starch weight, starch extraction rate on fresh weight basis, and root dry matter content.
This suggested that high starch weights could be realised by selection of suitable varieties for starch extraction. It was
found that cassava harvesting and starch extractions should be done between October and November since the highest starch
extraction rates were achieved during that period, and drying of the extracted starch using the open air method was fast and
convenient. The results also suggested that starch levels can efficiently be monitored using starch extraction rate on fresh
root weight basis. Starch content on fresh root basis and root dry matter content can also be used to determine the optimum
time to harvest cassava for starch extraction but were inferior to starch extraction on fresh root weight basis. 相似文献