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1.
本试验探讨高能复合酶蛋白饲料对生长育肥猪生长性能、脂肪酸组成的影响。试验采用60头生长育肥猪．分为4个处理．每个处理3组，每组5头猪。研究表明：第Ⅳ组平均日增重、平均日采食量下降．与其它3组相比差异极显著（p〈0．01）；第四组的料重比高于其它3组，并且与第一组、第二组之间差异显著（p〈0．05）。各组之间棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸的含量差异均极显著（p〈0．01）。结论：高能复合酶蛋白饲料的适宜添加量为5％～10％. 相似文献
2.
选取70日龄左右体重接近的DLY(杜×长×大)生长猪24头,随机分成3组,每组8头,对照组饲喂基础日粮(无抗生素和酶制剂),处理1饲喂添加金霉素的日粮,处理组2添加复合酶制剂,经过30d饲养对比试验结果表明:试验组猪只平均日增重、料肉比均显著高于对照组,两试验组生长性能比较无显著差异。 相似文献
3.
《畜禽业》2015,(11)
目的:研究用小麦替代玉米后,生长育肥猪的生长性能的影响,探讨适宜的替代量。方法:选用平均体重为28.84±1.12 kg的(杜×长×大)三元杂交猪135头,分成5组,每组3个重复,每个重复9头猪。第Ⅰ组、第Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组分别替代基础日粮中0%、20%、40%、60%和80%的玉米,并在其中分别添加0.00%、0.10%、0.15%、0.20%和0.25%的小麦复合酶,试验期60 d。结果 :用小麦替代基础日粮中20%、40%的玉米可不同程度提高生长肥育猪的平均日增重;添加40%的玉米时干物质、粗蛋白、钙的消化率最大,此时分别比对照组增大12.96%、1.57%和1.52%;料重比、饲料成本最低,降低了料重比7.23%,降低饲料成本7.40%,提高利润率41.77%。结论:在添加小麦复合酶的情况下,生长猪的饲料中小麦替代40%的玉米时效果最佳。 相似文献
4.
试验通过系统研究复合酶制剂对仔猪生长性能和营养物质表观消化率的影响,为复合酶制剂在仔猪玉米-豆粕-麦麸型日粮中科学使用提供理论依据。选用280头杜洛克×长白×大白三元杂交仔猪作为试验动物,并根据体重随机分为5个处理,每个处理4个重复,每个重复公母各半共14头猪饲养于一栏。用玉米-豆粕-麦麸型日粮为基础日粮,以此为对照组,在基础日粮中依次添加0.01%、0.02%、0.03%和0.04%酶高能复合酶制剂。预试期7d,正试期28d,饲养试验结束后,另外选取10头体重相近,日龄相同的杜长大三元杂交仔猪随机分成2个处理,实行单笼饲养,进行消化试验,测定各种营养物质的表观消化率。 相似文献
5.
20～50kg生长猪甘露寡糖适宜添加水平的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究20～50kg生长猪甘露寡糖的适宜添加水平,采用单因子对比试验,选用体重在20kg左右、60日龄“杜×长×大”三元杂交猪40头,分设对照组、试验1组、试验2组和试验3组,每组10头。分别在基础日粮中添加:甘露寡糖(M OS)0、160、480和800m g/kg。结果表明,(1)在饲粮中添加甘露寡糖,生长猪前期、后期及全程的日增重均比对照组高。在前期,试验2组(M OS480m g/kg)提高最大,与对照组(M OS0m g/kg)相比差异极显著(P<0.01),与试验3组(M OS800m g/kg)、试验1组(M OS160m g/kg)相比差异显著(P<0.05)。而在后期,仅试验2组与对照组达到显著水平(P<0.05);试验各组间差异不显著(P>0.05),对日增重的提高强度有所下降。全程日增重分析,试验2组与对照组差异极显著(P<0.01),与试验1组和试验3组差异显著(P<0.05);但试验1组、试验3组、对照组间差异不显著(P>0.05);(2)试验各组料肉比均比对照组低,有降低趋势;从前期、后期及全程看,试验2组降低明显;(3)生物学综合评定值,无论前期、后期及全程,由高到低依次为:试验2组>试验3组>试验1组>对照组;(4)在饲粮中添加M OS可提高生长猪的抗病力,降低腹泻率;在20～30kg前期较30～50kg后期明显,并以试验2组较好,试验3组有轻微诱发腹泻。 相似文献
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7.
在水温25.6～27.0℃、盐度31、光照2000lx条件下饲育仿刺参苗种,研究了鱼粉、大豆蛋白与梭子蟹粉3种蛋白源对仿刺参幼参生长的影响。在饲料中分别按海藻质量的1‰、2‰、3‰分别添加鱼粉、大豆蛋白与梭子蟹粉。在27个容积为56L的玻璃钢水槽中分别放入一片30cm×40cm的波纹板和200头(0.1g/头)幼参,适量充气进行培育。试验结果表明,鱼粉试验组中以1‰的添加量效果最好,20d内质量增加175.0%,平均每头幼参质量日增加(3.75±0.9)mg;大豆蛋白试验组中以1‰的添加量效果最好,20d内质量增加165.0%,平均每头幼参质量日增加(3.25±0.3)mg;梭子蟹粉试验组中以3‰的添加量效果最好,20d内质量增加203.5%,平均每头幼参日质量增加(5.17±0.7)mg。3种蛋白源的1‰添加量中,效果依次为:鱼粉>蟹粉>大豆蛋白>空白组,空白组与添加蛋白源组之间差异极显著(P<0.01);2‰添加量中,效果依次为:蟹粉>鱼粉>大豆蛋白>空白组,蟹粉与鱼粉和大豆蛋白之间差异显著(P<0.05),空白组与添加蛋白源组之间差异极显著(P<0.01);3‰添加量中,效果依次为:蟹粉>鱼粉>大豆蛋白>空白组,蟹粉与鱼粉和大豆蛋白之间差异极显著(P<0.01),空白组与添加蟹粉试验组之间差异极显著(P<0.01)。试验结果证明,用梭子蟹粉作蛋白源效果显著好于鱼粉和大豆蛋白。 相似文献
8.
目的 探究复合酶制剂对仔猪生长性能及饲料消化率的影响。方法 试验选用80头28日龄断奶仔猪，随机分为4组，即空白对照组、试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组，在基础日粮中根据体质量分别添加0、200、400、600 mg/kg的复合酶制剂，试验为期30 d。结果 与对照组相比，试验组Ⅱ和试验组Ⅲ仔猪的终测体重、平均日增重和平均日采食量显著升高(P<0.05),料重比显著降低(P<0.05)。与对照组相比，试验组Ⅱ和试验组Ⅲ仔猪对饲料中干物质、粗脂肪、粗蛋白、粗纤维和粗灰分的消化率显著升高(P<0.05)。结论 在基础日粮中添加复合酶制剂可以有效提高断奶仔猪的生长性能，改善仔猪对饲料中营养物质的消化，提高营养物质吸收率，且在该试验条件下，复合酶制剂的最适添加剂量为600 mg/kg。 相似文献
9.
试验在玉米-豆粕型日粮中添加蛋白酶和淀粉酶组成的复合酶以考察其对蛋鸡早期生长和营养物质利用的影响。结果表明:复合酶显著的降低了料重比(P<0.05),极显著的提高了日粮干物质、粗蛋白、钙和磷的利用率(P<0.01),其增加量分别等于或大于5.3%、15%、20%、15.2%。处理1和处理2分别是日粮的表观代谢能增加了0.76和0.78MJ/kg。在试验期内,处理组鸡只能量、钙和磷的沉积率极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),蛋白沉积率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),其增加量分别等于或大于2.99%、12.34%、9.30%、6.24%。 相似文献
10.
目的 研究不同添加量发酵棉粕作为蛋白饲料对恩施黑猪育肥性能的影响。方法 试验选取44头3月龄恩施黑猪为供试对象，随机平均分为4组，对照组以普通豆粕作为蛋白质饲料，试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组分别以5%、7.5%和10%的发酵棉粕替代部分豆粕作为蛋白饲料，试验期5个月，试验期结束后测定并对比各组日增重、日采食量和料肉比。结果 在日增重方面，试验Ⅰ组低于对照组(P>0.05),试验Ⅱ和Ⅲ组高于对照组(P>0.05);在日采食量方面，试验组采食量均有所增加，试验Ⅲ组增加最多，但差异不显著(P>0.05);在料肉比方面，相对于对照组3个试验组均有不同程度下降，试验Ⅲ组与对照组之间差异显著(P<0.05)。结论 使用10%发酵棉粕替代10%普通豆能够满足恩施黑猪育肥期生长需求，育肥效果最佳。 相似文献
11.
Pen culture of Macrobrachium amazonicum: use of artificial diet and impact on benthic community 
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下载免费PDF全文 Fabrício Martins Dutra Yara Moretto Leandro Portz Eduardo Luis Cupertino Ballester 《Aquaculture Research》2016,47(1):266-275
The pressure on the benthic macroinvertebrate community and the use of artificial diets were evaluated during the pen rearing of Macrobrachium amazonicum. The study followed a completely randomized design with three treatments and three repetitions: treatment no prawns, no feed (noPnoF); treatment prawns, no feed (PnoF); and treatment prawns, feed (PF). Six pens were stocked with 10 prawns m?2 with average initial weight of 0.63 ± 0.05 g and average length of 4.28 ± 0.14 cm; the other three pens were not stocked with prawns. Every 10 days, prawn biometry was carried out and samples were collected from the water and the sediment in each pen. The results showed that the limnological variables remained adequate for the species' biology. The zootechnical indices did not differ significantly (P > 0.05) in weight, total length and survival, with values of 4.43 ± 0.93 g, 8:03 ± 0:43 cm, and 80 ± 9.6%, respectively, for the treatment PnoF, and 4.83 ± 1.03 g, 8.42 ± 0.51 cm and 73 ± 3.5% for treatment PF. The macroinvertebrate analyses showed a significant difference (P < 0.05) for the total abundance of Oligochaeta among the days of collection and for Polymitarcyidae among the treatments. It is therefore concluded that the presence of prawns affects the abundance in the benthic community and that the zootechnical performance of M. amazonicum in this experimental condition is not influenced by supplied artificial feed. 相似文献
12.
Use of Cottonseed Meal in Channel Catfish Feeds 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Solvent extracted cottonseed meal was substituted for soybean meal in catfish feeds on a nitrogen basis. The feeds, which contained either 0, 10, or 20% cottonseed meal, were formulated to contain about 32% protein and 2.9 kcal digestible energy/g. The fish were reared in 6 m3 net pens suspended in a 1.6 ha earthen pond. Twelve pens (four per treatment) were stocked with 400 fish with an initial average weight of 95 g/fish. All fish were fed to satiation once daily. A sample of 60 fish from each pen was weighed at 76 days to evaluate feed consumption, feed conversion, and weight gain. At the end of the experiment (132 days), fish from each net pen were weighed collectively and samples were taken to determine tissue free gossypol concentrations, proximate composition of fillets, and dressout percentages. There were no significant differences in weight gain, feed conversion, or survival of fish sampled at 76 days or of fish at the end of the experiment regardless of dietary treatment. At 76 days, feed consumption of fish fed the 20% cottonseed meal feed was significantly higher than that of other fish, but there were no significant differences in feed consumption at the end of the experiment. Free gossypol levels were below detectable limits in fish tissue. There were no significant differences in percentage dressout or in body composition, except for a slightly higher ash content in fish fed the feed containing 10% cottonseed meal. It appears that cottonseed meal can be used to partially substitute for soybean meal in catfish feeds. At the present, it is recommended that cottonseed meal be limited to 15% of the catfish diet. 相似文献
13.
Mortality levels attributed to infectious salmon anaemia viral (ISAV) infections were examined at the net pen and site level in the 1996 smolt year class in three areas of New Brunswick, Canada. The year class in this region was the first known to have potential exposure to ISAV beginning at the time of seawater transfer. There was considerable variability in mortality patterns among net pen groups of fish. Net pen outbreak definitions were based on at least seven high mortality days in which there were at least 100 per 100 000 fish per day or >5% cumulative mortality for the study period. There were 106 net pen outbreaks in a study population consisting of 218 net pens. Although the number of new cases decreased as water temperature decreased, overall mortality levels at the study sites did not decrease noticeably. The median peak daily mortality rate during outbreaks was 492 per 100 000 fish per day, with 10% of cases experiencing >5200 mortalities per 100 000 fish per day. The median duration of outbreaks in net pens for which the fish were not slaughtered during the outbreak was 33 days and the median total loss in those outbreaks was 6600 per 100 000 fish. 相似文献
14.
利用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术分析了网箱养殖花鲈（）肠道细菌组成,同时分析了配合饲料和网箱中海水的细菌组成,以确定鱼类肠道细菌与环境之间的关系。花鲈投喂冰鲜鱼,日本黄姑鱼投喂配合饲料。从花鲈和日本黄姑鱼前肠、中肠、后肠、配合饲料和网箱内海水中共鉴定出886个细菌OTU（operational taxonomic unit）,分别隶属8个门、40个属,其中从花鲈和日本黄姑鱼肠道中鉴定出的550个细菌OTUs分别隶属5个门、15个属。在门的水平上,厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）在两种鱼类肠道中均占优势;在属的水平上,梭菌属（）在日本黄姑鱼肠道中占优势。花鲈与日本黄姑鱼之间肠道细菌的相似性高于日本黄姑鱼肠道细菌与配合饲料中细菌的相似性,也高于花鲈或日本黄姑鱼肠道细菌与其养殖网箱内海水中细菌的相似性。日本黄姑鱼肠道与配合饲料中共有的细菌OTU数多于日本黄姑鱼肠道与网箱内海水中共有的细菌OTU数。综上所述得出结论：（1）花鲈和日本黄姑鱼肠道细菌群落分别独立于其养殖网箱内海水细菌群落,日本黄姑鱼肠道细菌群落独立于其配合饲料中的细菌群落;（2）日本黄姑鱼肠道细菌受配合饲料中细菌的影响大于受网箱内海水中细菌的影响。 相似文献
15.
Influence of dietary oil content on the growth and chemical composition of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
C. Solberg 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2004,10(1):31-37
Two extruded diets with oil/protein levels of 260/410 and 360/365 g kg?1 were used to feed Atlantic salmon, from an initial weight of 600 g to a final weight of 4 kg after 1 year of feeding. The experiment was performed using 12 net‐pens with 500 fish in each. Every 4 months 10 fish were taken from each net‐pen, and analysed for growth and proximate composition. After 4 months of feeding, the chemical composition in the fillets was significantly different for the two different feed groups. The mean fillet fat content was 1% higher in fish fed with high oil content in the feed. There were no differences in the biological values. After 8 months of feeding the difference in mean muscular fat content was 3%, but there was still no difference in the carcass weight. However, a significant difference was found in the intestine weight and the condition factor. One year of feeding resulted in a significant, 10% higher carcass weight, a 2% higher fat‐content and a 1% lower protein‐content in the fillets of fish fed on the high oil content diet. A drop in pH was found during the winter, but this was not correlated to the feed. 相似文献
16.
Yisheng Huang Xiaobo Wen Shengkang Li Wenjia Li Dashi Zhu 《Aquaculture International》2016,24(5):1229-1245
The present study aimed at determining the growth performance, feed utilization, body composition and antioxidant status of chu’s croaker (Nibea coibor) juveniles fed with increasing levels of dietary lipid: 6 % (D6), 9 % (D9), 12 % (D12) and 15 % (D15). Each diet was assigned to triplicate groups of fish in a total of 12 floating pens (300 fish, 25 fish per pen). After a 49-day growth trial, survival rate was not affected. D12 and D15 led to significantly higher specific growth rate (SGR). Fish fed D12 showed the highest protein efficiency ratio (PER), protein and lipid retention efficiencies (PER and LRE, respectively). The hepatosomatic and viscerosomatic indexes (HIS and VSI, respectively) increased, while feed conversion ratio (FCR) and feed intake (FI) decreased. Body protein, ash and muscle lipid contents were not significantly affected, but significantly higher body and liver lipid were noticed in fish fed with D15. Monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) was found to decrease compared to the experimental diets in muscle, while high unsaturated fatty acid (HUFA) was selectively accumulated in all treatments. Serum alanine transaminase (ALT, 14.13–22.53 U/L), aspartate transaminase (AST, 34.31–51.25 U/L), cholesterol (CHO, 2.02–3.03 mmol/L) and triglyceride (TG, 5.61–8.50 mmol/L) were correlated with increasing dietary lipids. Liver malate dehydrogenase (MDA, 3.32–6.67 mmol/L) and superoxide dismutase (SOD, 42.69–52.86 U/mg prot) increased with dietary lipids, while total antioxidant capacity (t-AOC, 1.08–3.50 U/mg prot) decreased. Polynomial regression analyses between SGR and dietary lipid levels showed that the optimal dietary lipid requirement of chu’s croaker is 12.9 % of dry matter. 相似文献
17.
A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of using high-protein "finishing" feeds on production and fat content of channel catfish. Fish were fed either: a 32% protein feed for 150 days; a 28% protein feed for 150 days; a 28% protein feed for 90 days and then a 38% protein feed for 60 days; a 28% protein feed for 90 days and then a 35% protein feed for 60 days; a 28% protein feed for 120 days and then a 38% protein feed for 30 days; or a 28% protein feed for 120 days and then a 35% protein feed for 30 days. The study was conducted in earthen ponds stocked with channel catfish at a rate of 14,826 fish/ha (35 g initial weight) and fed once daily to satiation. There were no significant differences in either feed consumption, weight gain, final weight, feed conversion ratio, survival, or percentage visceral fat of catfish regardless of treatment. Fillets from fish fed the 28% protein feed for 150 days contained more fat than fish on other treatments. There was no advantage of finishing channel catfish on high-protein diets as compared to feeding either a 28 or 32% protein feed for the entire grow-out period. 相似文献
18.
摄食不同饵料对翘嘴鳜生长、体成分和消化酶活性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探究三种不同饵料对翘嘴鳜(Siniperca chuatsi)生长性能、体成分和消化酶的影响,实验选取初始体重为(113.56±11.82)g的翘嘴鳜900尾,随机分成3组,分别投喂活饵料鱼、冰鲜饵料鱼和商品饲料,进行60 d的养殖试验。结果显示:(1)冰鲜组、活饵组和饲料组翘嘴鳜的成活率、增重率、特定生长率和蛋白效率均无显著性差异。饲料组翘嘴鳜肥满度显著小于其他两组,肝体比和脏体比均显著大于其他两组。(2)三组翘嘴鳜体成分中的水分、蛋白质、粗脂肪和粗灰分均没有显著性差异。(3)翘嘴鳜肌肉各种氨基酸含量和总氨基酸量在三组之间的差异均不显著。饲料组翘嘴鳜肌肉中不饱和脂肪酸中的棕榈油酸、油酸、亚油酸、花生烯酸、EPA、神经酸、DHA的含量及总饱和脂肪酸、总单不饱和脂肪酸、总多不饱和脂肪酸均显著高于其他两组。(4)肝脏脂肪酶、肠道淀粉酶的活性在三组翘嘴鳜之间均没有显著性差异。冰鲜组翘嘴鳜肝脏淀粉酶、肠道脂肪酶活性均显著高于其他两组。结果表明:翘嘴鳜经过驯化可以摄食配合饲料,且不影响其生长性能。翘嘴鳜摄食饲料后,其肌肉氨基酸没有发生显著性的变化,不饱和脂肪酸的含量显著升高。 相似文献
19.
Effect of feeding frequency on growth,feed utilization,body composition and waste output of juvenile golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus) reared in net pens 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 A 6‐week feeding trial was conducted to examine the effect of feeding frequency on growth, feed utilization efficiency, body composition and waste output of juvenile golden pompano Trachinotus ovatus reared in net pens. Fish (10.3 ± 0.5 g) were either fed a formulated diet containing 48.4% crude protein and 5.7% crude lipid at 0.5, 1, 2, 3 or 4 meals per day or fed a raw fish feed at two meals per day as a control. The weight gain (WG) increased with increasing feeding frequency from 0.5 to 3 meals per day (P < 0.05), but did not significantly change with the further increase in feeding frequency from 3 to 4 meals per day (P > 0.05). The feed intake (FI) was lower in fish fed at 0.5 or 1 meal per day than in fish fed at 2, 3 or 4 meals per day (P < 0.05). No significant differences were found in the feed conversion ratio (FCR), nitrogen retention efficiency (NRE), condition factor (CF), nitrogen waste output (NWO) and phosphorus waste output (PWO) between fish fed at 1, 2, 3 or 4 meals per day (P > 0.05), whereas no significant difference was found in the phosphorus retention efficiency (PRE) among the feeding treatments (P > 0.05). The body lipid content increased, whereas the contents of moisture and ash decreased, with the increase in feeding frequency (P < 0.05). At the same feeding frequency, fish fed the formulated diet exhibited lower FI, FCR, HSI, body moisture content, NWO and PWO, but higher NRE, PRE, body lipid content and body phosphorus content than those of fish fed the raw fish feed (P < 0.05). These results suggest that the formulated diet can satisfy nutrient requirements of juvenile golden pompano reared in net pens, and the suitable feeding frequency is 3 meals per day. 相似文献
20.
配合饲料和活饵料对刀鲚幼鱼生长、存活和消化酶、非特异性免疫酶、代谢酶及抗氧化酶活性的影响 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
为了解配合饲料和活饵料对刀鲚幼鱼生长、存活和几种酶活性的影响,对用配合饲料和活饵料喂养178 d的刀鲚幼鱼的生长、存活和消化酶、非特异性免疫酶、代谢酶以及抗氧化酶活性进行分析与比较。结果显示,配合饲料组的最终体长、体质量、成活率、鱼体肥满度和肝指数(分别为125.17 mm、6.27 g、65.73%、0.31 g/cm3和1.4%)显著低于活饵料组(分别为150.66 mm、12.39 g、85.59%、0.36 g/cm3和1.9%),两组鱼的肠长和体长比无显著差异(分别为25.3%和23.6%);两组鱼的肝脏中均未检测出蛋白酶,配合饲料组的幽门盲囊中碱性蛋白酶的活性(43.49 U/mg prot)显著低于活饵料组(86.37 U/mg prot),但两处理组鱼胃中酸性蛋白酶和肠道中碱性蛋白酶的活性均没有显著差异;配合饲料组肠道和幽门盲囊中的淀粉酶活性(分别为196.63和575.93 U/g prot)显著低于活饵料组(分别为928.91和1 755.90U/g prot),但两处理组鱼肝脏和胃中的淀粉酶活性没有显著差异;两处理组鱼的肝脏和胃中均未检测出脂肪酶,配合饲料组的肠道脂肪酶活性(23.55 U/g prot)显著高于活饵料组(14.39 U/g prot),但两处理组幽门盲囊中脂肪酶活性(分别为17.90和13.23 U/g prot)没有显著差异;配合饲料组的肝脏碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性(103.44 U/g prot)显著高于活饵料组(58.20 U/g prot),而配合饲料组的肝脏谷草转氨酶(AST/GOT)活性(20.38 U/g prot)显著低于活饵料组(32.51 U/g prot);肝脏中其余被检测的5种酶活性(ACP、ALT/GPT、SOD、GSH-PX和CAT)和血清中被检测的代谢酶(ALT/GPT和AST/GOT)及抗氧化酶(SOD和GSH-PX)活性在两处理组之间均没有显著差异。研究表明,刀鲚能摄食配合饲料,配合饲料组和活饵料组的大多数消化酶、非特异性免疫酶、代谢酶及抗氧化酶活性,没有显著性差异,但配合饲料组的刀鲚生长和成活率远低于活饵料组,建议今后研发和改进刀鲚配合饲料,逐步替代活饵料。 相似文献