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铜在畜牧生产中的应用趋势 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
世纪年代高剂量铜促生长作用的发现 使铜在畜禽饲料中的添加量都大大增加 然而饲喂高铜带来的负面影响也不可忽视。本文对铜的营养机制应用现状铜源供应等方面进行综合分析 从正反两个方面阐述铜源的饲用特点 提出未来铜源应用的发展趋势。 《中国饲料》2000,(17):7-9
20世纪50年代高剂量铜促生长作用的发现,使铜在畜禽饲料中的添加量都大大增加,然而饲喂高铜带来的负面影响也不可忽视。本文对铜的营养机制、应用现状、铜源供应等方面进行综合分析,从正反两个方面阐述铜源的饲用特点,提出未来铜源应用的发展趋势。1 饲料铜添加剂的应用及对生产水平的影响铜是动物必需微量元素。试验表明,只要同时考虑饲粮的营养平衡及其他相关营养因素,添加125～250ｍｇ/ｋｇ铜(特别是添加250ｍｇ/ｋｇ)对猪各阶段(尤其是早期生长阶段)有明显促生长、降低饲料消耗、改善胴体品质的作用。目前我国在养猪生产中使用高剂量铜… 相似文献
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微量元素是动物生命过程中必需的营养素之一。随着集约化养殖的快速发展，水产动物仅从水中吸收微量元素不能满足机体正常生命活动的需要。为了补充动物生长过程中所需微量元素的不足，必需在饲料中添加微量元素。在饲料发展过程中，微量元素的添加形式经历了三个阶段的发展： 相似文献
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世界各国不同地区的牧草和饲料中微量元素都呈不同程度的缺乏，不能满足动物的需要。在集约化饲养中，我们将微量元素添人配合饲料中，以满足动物需要。然而在大多反刍动物饲养过程中存在着一系列问题。第一，我国的放牧反刍动物和农区的耕牛基本上不喂配合饲料。因而无从添加微量元素；第二，有一部分生产管理者和生产者，存在一些模糊的认识与观念，认为牛羊靠吃草就行。这就使得大多反刍动物处于微量元素营养不足状态，从而影响动物的繁殖生长和生产，造成巨大的经济损失。将微量元素制成缓释丸的形式使之缓慢释放，以利于动物吸收，是补充反刍动物微量元素的新途径。 相似文献
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经过多年的研究,科学家发现营养物之间会竞争吸收位点,与氨基酸平衡理论相似,各种微量元素之间也存在复杂的互作和拮抗作用。而微量元素的吸收同时与饲料中的协同物质与颉抗物质存在量密切相关。中国饲料中普遍存在的高铜的现象,为了避免高铜带来的氧化应激及可能的亚中毒问题,又不影响其它微量元素铁和锌的吸收,必须添加高铁和高锌,造成了大量无机微量元素的浪费损失,饲料利用率显著下降,同时严重污染环境。在饲料中我们同时添加多种微量元素,只要有一种微量元素过量或不足,微量元素总体利用率就会下降,造成浪费,所以我们强调各种微量元素之间要尽可能平衡地添加,以确保达到最佳利用率。理想微量元素模型是根据大量的试验总结,以较好的试验结果所总结出来的不同种类微量元素之间的比例关系,主要是铁,铜,锰,锌之间的比例及添加量,以确保动物能够以较少而经济的添加量而得到更好的生长,免疫及繁殖效果。本文以铜为例综述了无机微量元素的缺陷及各种有机微量元素的差异,提出了应用理想微量元素模型提高动物生产性能的概念。 相似文献
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世界各国不同地区的牧草和饲料中微量元素都呈不同程度的缺乏,不能满足动物的需要。在集约化饲养中,我们将微量元素添入配合饲料中,以满足动物需要。然而在大多反刍动物饲养过程中存在着一系列问题。第一,我国的放牧反刍动物和农区的耕牛基本上不喂配合饲料,因而无从添加微量元素;第二,有一部分生产管理者和生产者,存在一些模糊的认识与观念,认为牛羊靠吃草就行。这就使得大多反刍动物处于微量元素营养不足状态,从而影响动物的繁殖生长和生产,造成巨大的经济损失。将微量元素制成缓释丸的形式使之缓慢释放,以利于动物吸收,是补充反刍动物微… 相似文献
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《动物营养（英文）》2015,(3)
Trace elements are essential dietary components for livestock species. However, they also exhibit a strong toxic potential. Therefore, their fluxes through the animal organism are tightly regulated by a complex molecular machinery that controls the rate of absorption from the gut lumen as well as the amount of excretion via faeces, urine and products(e.g., milk) in order to maintain an internal equilibrium. When supplemented in doses above the gross requirement trace elements accumulate in urine and faeces and, hence, manure. Thereby, trace element emissions represent a potential threat to the environment. This fact is of particular importance in regard to the widely distributed feeding practice of pharmacological zinc and copper doses for the purpose of performance enhancement. Adverse environmental effects have been described, like impairment of plant production, accumulation in edible animal products and the water supply chain as well as the correlation between increased trace element loads and antimicrobial resistance. In the light of discussions about reducing the allowed upper limits for trace element loads in feed and manure from livestock production in the European Union excessive dosing needs to be critically reconsidered. Moreover, the precision in trace element feeding has to be increased in order to avoid unnecessary supplementation and, thereby, heavy metal emissions from livestock production. 相似文献
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L J Thompson J O Hall G L Meerdink 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice》1991,7(1):277-306
Excesses of many trace elements can cause direct toxic effects to cattle as well as indirect effects that can cause a secondary deficiency of other trace elements. Clinical signs may vary from poor growth and feed utilization to neurologic disorders. Toxic effects vary with the specific trace element in question, the total amount of that element in the diet, the age and condition of the animal, and the presence or absence of certain other dietary components. A diagnosis of toxic trace element interaction is based upon compatible clinical signs in affected animals as well as supporting chemical analyses. 相似文献
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Whole blood from 33 healthy captive Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) was analyzed for 12 trace elements: aluminum, chromium, manganese, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, arsenic, selenium, cadmium, mercury, and lead for the purpose of estimating preliminary baseline population parameters for these minerals. Metals were quantified by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy. Baseline ranges for all animals and for all trace elements were comparable to normal concentrations reported in other species. This is the first report of normal trace element levels in the blood of captive elephants. 相似文献
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1. Environmental problems in areas of intensive animal production necessitate new constraints in food formulation concerning nitrogen and phosphorus and also concerning trace minerals, especially zinc and copper, which are found in excess in poultry manure in relation to nitrogen and might cause phytotoxicity in soil. 2. Whole body concentrations of zinc, iron, manganese and copper were measured in chickens in order to estimate the percentage of deposition and excretion. Body concentrations were determined on 390 chicks of both sexes at different ages in 2 commercial crosses. 3. Age affected the trace element body concentration. Higher concentrations were observed at earlier ages (4 to 11 d). Sex and cross had little influence on body Zn, Fe, Cu and Mn concentration and interactions were observed between these factors. 4. Body retention percentage (% of intake) was very low when birds were fed on commercial diets and decreased with age. For the period 0 to 40 d, the percentages of retention were 6%, 10%, 0.2% and 6% for Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu, respectively, and therefore 90% to 99% was excreted. 5. These findings make it possible to calculate trace mineral excretion for various feeding systems and confirm the excess of zinc and copper in poultry manure in relation to nitrogen. A nutritional approach such as reduction in dietary trace mineral supplementation may alleviate the risks of phytotoxicity in the soil resulting from Zn and Cu excesses. 相似文献
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随着水产养殖产业的高速发展,水产养殖集约化规模扩大,养殖动物密度增大,容易造成氧化应激反应,这迫使水产养殖从业者亟需寻找无毒无害且高效的饲料添加剂以提高水产动物的抗应激能力。硒(Se)是一种人体和动物生长繁育必需的微量元素,其生物学功能主要通过硒蛋白表达,饲料中添加适量的硒能够增强水产动物的抵抗力。本文综述了硒和硒蛋白的种类以及硒对水产动物的生理机制,同时对硒在水产养殖中的应用进行综述,旨在总结不同硒源作为水产饲料添加剂在改善水产动物生长、免疫与肉质等方面的作用,为其在水产养殖中的高效应用提供科学参考。 相似文献
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十年来我国畜牧学科中微量元素研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
作者对近十年来(1979-1988)我国畜禽微量元素营养方面研究进行了回顾,着重综述了在饲料和动物组织分析和铜、锌、硒等三种元素以及混合微量元素方面的研究进展。 相似文献