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1.
花生属分子标记领域的研究远落后于其他物种,而栽培种花生因其遗传基础狭窄,用大多数分子标记技术都难以检测到丰富的分子标记,因此限制了花生属野生种在改良花生栽培种方面的利用以及建立花生分子标记辅助育种技术体系。本文分别对花生属4个区组的16份种质资源和8份花生栽培种资源采用与功能基因相关的SCoT分子标记技术研究了花生属种间和栽培种内遗传多样性和亲缘关系。23条SCoT引物在花生属试材基因组中的扩增位点共194个,其中多态性位点130个,多态性达67.01%,通过聚类分析研究了它们之间的亲缘关系;在栽培种内筛选出19条多态性引物,在8份试材基因组中扩增位点198个,其中多态性位点67个,多态性为33.84%,表明SCoT分子标记技术能在花生栽培种内检测出一定程度的DNA多态性。  相似文献   

2.
DNA分子标记技术的研究与应用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
陈星  高子厚 《分子植物育种》2019,17(6):1970-1977
DNA分子标记是继传统的形态学标记、细胞学标记、生化标记之后发展起来的以DNA为基础的遗传标记技术,因其独有的技术特点,迅速在各领域得到广泛的应用与发展。本研究总结概括了基于m RNA的表达序列标签(ESTs)、差异显示逆转录PCR (DDRT-PCR)、特征性差异分析(RDA)、基因表达系列分析(SAGE);基于目的基因的保守DNA衍生多态性(CDDP)、目标起始密码子多态性(SCoT)、保守区域扩增多态性(Co-RAP)和基于反转录转座子的反转录转座子位点间扩增多态性(IRAP)、反转录转座子-微卫星扩增多态性(REMAP)等几种新型DNA分子标记技术的原理、特点、优缺点,以及常见DNA分子标记技术的特点比较及其应用,以期在其基础上推动分子标记技术进一步融合、创新与发展。  相似文献   

3.
功能标记及在品种鉴定和辅助育种中的应用前景   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
功能标记是根据功能基因内部引起表型性状变异的多态性基序开发出来的一种新型分子标记.由于来自基因内的功能性基序,此类标记不需要进一步验证就可以在不同的遗传背景下确定目标等位基因的有无.本文详细描述了功能标记的概念及与其它几种类型遗传标记相比存在的优势:提出了功能标记开发的基本条件和发展策略.利用关联分析方法和近等基因系途径可以获得直接或间接的功能标记.结合本单位的研究方向,探讨了功能标记在分子标记辅助育种和品种鉴定中的应用潜力和开展相关工作的一些设想.  相似文献   

4.
InDel分子标记及其在水稻研究中的应用   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
InDel (insertion-deletion)分子标记是指根据在近缘物种或同一物种不同个体间基因组同一位点的序列发生不同大小DNA片段的插入或缺失(insertion-deletion)而设计的多态性引物.它具有分布密度大、准确性高,重演性好的特点,已广泛应用于水稻的遗传分析和分子辅助育种研究中.本研究对InDel分子标记的开发利用进行了综述,并着重总结了其在水稻的籼粳分化、遗传多样性分析、基因定位以及功能标记开发等方面的应用进展,旨在为今后更好地开展水稻MAS育种研究提供参考.  相似文献   

5.
《棉花学报》2021,33(5)
【目的】L-D1基因调控陆地棉叶形。本研究设计特异分子标记精准鉴定L-D1等位基因,为其在陆地棉冠层结构改良中的应用提供支撑。【方法】利用具有鲁棉研28号遗传背景的L-D1等位基因近等基因系,分析不同等位基因组合对叶形的影响。根据4个等位基因的启动子和编码区的多态性设计特异分子标记,并对不同叶形中的等位基因进行检测。【结果】L-D1基因从3叶期开始调控叶片叶裂的形成,4~8叶期叶裂不断加深,从9叶期开始基本稳定;L-D1等位基因不同组合可形成相似叶形,仅从形态上难以准确辨别。克隆获得L-D1位点4个等位基因起始密码子前约4 kb的启动子片段,发现24个SNPs(Single nucleotide polymorphism,单核苷酸多态性)、1个133 bp及1个14 bp的插入缺失。根据等位基因启动子及编码区的SNP和缺失插入开发了1个Indel分子标记InDel_8和2个衍生酶切扩增多态性序列标记dCAPS_192、dCAPS_519,分别为l2、L2o、L2s的特异分子标记。【结论】根据陆地棉中控制叶形的L-D1等位基因间的差异开发了3个特异性分子标记,可用来鉴定不同的L-D1等位基因。  相似文献   

6.
ISSR分子标记及其在植物研究中的应用   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
ISSR(inter simple sequence repeat)分子标记是一种以微卫星序列为引物,进行多位点PCR扩增的技术.ISSR技术简易、快捷,同时兼备AFLP(扩增酶切片段多态性)、SSR(简单序列重复)和RAPD(DNA随机扩增多态性)等分子标记方法的优点.引物设计无需预知基因组序列,只要是目标区域的长度在可扩增范围内,就能扩增出微卫星重复序列间的DNA片段.ISSR标记以其高多态性,已被广泛应用于种质收集、品种鉴定、遗传多样性、系截系、遗传作图、基因定位、标记辅助选择、预测基因组SSR基序的丰度以及SSR引物开发等研究.本文对ISSR技术及其在植物研究中的应用进行全面的概述.  相似文献   

7.
SNPS在大豆等作物遗传及改良中的应用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
单核苷酸多态性(singlenucleotidepolymorphism,SNP)是指DNA序列上的单个碱基变异,它具有分布广、多态信息量大、易于检测和统计分析等优点,被称为继RFLP和微卫星标记后的第三代基因遗传标记。单核苷酸多态性是等位基因间序列差异最为普遍的类型,可作为一种高通量的遗传标记。已建立PCR扩增目标序列及其产物测序和电子SNP(eSNP)等多种发现和检测SNP的方法。大豆等作物也已开展了SNP分析。一些栽培作物种质的多样件不断减少,其结果连锁不平衡(linkagedise鄄quilibrium,LD)增加,这有利于目的基因座上SNP单元型(haplotype)与表型的相关性分析。SNP已在作物基因作图及其整合、分子标记辅助育种和功能基因组学等领域展示了广泛的应用价值。  相似文献   

8.
AFLP,SSR在黄瓜黑星病抗感材料上的多态性比较   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
用AFLP和SSR 2种分子标记技术对黄瓜抗感黑星病材料Q6和Q12,及其F2极性集团和F2群体进行了分析,比较了它们的多态性。结果表明,AFLP和SSR 2种分子标记的多态性比率分别为36.5%,9.6%;阳性比率分别为22%,0。在F2群体中找到了1个AFLP标记E20/M64,与目的基因的遗传距离是4.83 cM;1个SSR标记CSWCT02B,与目的基因的遗传距离是28.7 cM。AFLP的多态性比率要比SSR的多态性比率高。分析探讨了2种分子标记技术的优缺点及其在目的基因连锁标记筛选、基因定位等研究中的应用。  相似文献   

9.
从牡丹花色候选基因中开发一套SSR标记,为牡丹花色分子遗传学研究和分子标记辅助育种提供帮助。本研究基于高通量转录组测序技术(RNA-seq)获得了278条涉及调控牡丹花色形成的Unigenes序列,利用SSRIT在128条Unigenes中检测到215个SSR位点,出现频率为46.04%。其中优势重复基序为二核苷酸、三核苷酸和六核苷酸重复,分别占总SSR位点的18.60%、41.86%和36.28%,优势重复基元为TC/GA和AT/TA,分别占二核苷酸重复的30.00%和27.50%。在此基础上,从中选择100对SSR引物合成,以牡丹品种基因组DNA为模板,验证其有效性和多态性。结果表明,有效引物50对(占50%),多态性引物12对(占24%)。12对多态性引物在芍药属12个不同种质内进行通用性检测,转移率范围为83.33%~100%,平均转移率为96.53%,表明牡丹SSR标记在芍药属内具有较高的通用性。利用高通量RNA-seq开发牡丹候选基因SSR标记可为牡丹功能基因挖掘、品种分子身份证构建、遗传多样性分析和分子标记辅助选择育种等提供重要的遗传资源。  相似文献   

10.
Andersean和Lubberstedt于2003年提出了植物功能标记(functional markers,FMs)的概念,并报道了功能标记的建立和应用及其前景。和形态学、同工酶、随机DNA标记(RDMs,包括微卫星、AFLPs、RFLPS等)等匿名的遗传标记相比较,FMs来自引起表型性状变异的基因内的多态性位点。匿名遗传标记的主要缺点是其预测值是由标记和目标位点等位基因间的连锁相得到的。  相似文献   

11.
Assessment of genetic diversity of Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdcourt) accessions from Nigeria using informative molecular markers has become imperative for their genetic improvement and conservation. Comparative analysis of 30 V. subterranea from different locations in Nigeria was investigated using Directed Amplified Minisatellite DNA (DAMD) and Start codon targeted (SCoT) markers. The DNA was extracted using CTAB method for amplification. Both markers resolved the accessions into eight major groups using dendrograms and six clusters by principal component analysis. Alleles of 25 and 53 were obtained with DAMD and SCoT, respectively. Mean alleles, gene diversity, and polymorphic information content detected with DAMD were 10.2000, 0.6950, and 0.6600, while SCoT yielded 16.200, 0.847, and 0.836, respectively. Polymorphic loci were 130 and 142 in DAMD and SCoT, respectively. Both markers produced high polymorphism of 60.00-80% and 40.33-96.67% in DAMD and SCoT, respectively. Effective alleles (Ne) in both markers (DAMD: 1.1828-1.5927; SCoT: 1.1830-1.6779) were high. The Nei’s value (H) ranged from 0.1959-0.3238 in DAMD and 0.1533-0.3782 in SCoT. The Shannon’s information index (I) obtained from DAMD and SCoT were 0.3281-0.4635 and 0.1420-0.5557, respectively. Total gene diversity (Ht), diversity within population (Hs), coefficient of gene differentiation (Gst), and estimate of gene flow (Nm) from DAMD were 0.3304, 0.2673, 0.1907, and 2.1215, while SCoT had 0.3927, 0.3163, 0.1945, and 2.0713, respectively. Our study demonstrated that SCoT markers are more competent than DAMD and should be integrated in the exploration of genetic diversity and selection of unique accessions for improvement and utilization of V. subterranea.  相似文献   

12.
SCoT结合克隆测序鉴别湖南甜橙变异类型   总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5  
本试验对SCoT反应体系进行优化,并筛选合适的引物,然后对24份试材进行SCoT标记,获得的目的片段克隆测序,通过测序结果探讨其遗传变异;结果表明,甜橙SCoT标记的20 μL优化反应体系为:DNA模板80 ng,Mg2+浓度1.6 mmol/L,dNTPs浓度0.3 mmol/L,引物浓度0.2 μmol/L,Taq DNA聚合酶用量1.6 U,扩增产物在100~2000 bp之间,扩增条带明亮清晰,反应体系具有良好的稳定性和可重复性。24份试材的测序片段的大小为1090~1091 bp,一致性达到99.84%,存在单碱基的缺失与替换,BLAST结果显示,该序列的编码蛋白质与核糖体蛋白S3的N端同源性高;利用单碱基变异可以区分其中的12个甜橙变异株系和‘安江香柚’,其他变异株系还需要结合其它的分子标记技术来进行鉴别,有待进一步研究。  相似文献   

13.
为了研究SCoT分子标记技术对甜菜种质资源鉴定的可行性。利用80条SCoT引物对48份甜菜种质资源进行鉴别,同时对种质资源进行了遗传多样性分析和亲缘关系的鉴定。结果表明,80条SCoT引物中有6条能够扩增出清晰、且多态性高的条带,分别为SCoT1、SCoT12、SCoT13、SCoT14、SCoT17和SCoT23,其中引物SCoT1、SCoT12、SCoT14和SCoT23单独使用均可鉴别全部的48份种质资源,引物SCoT13和SCoT17共同使用可以鉴别48个种质资源;聚类分析结果表明,在遗传距离0.15处,95.8%的种质资源均聚为一类,从分子角度上表明甜菜种质资源遗传距离较小。本研究为利用SCoT分子标记技术鉴别甜菜种质资源、对种质资源进行亲缘关系鉴定、杂交组合亲本选配以及分子标记辅助育种等提供相关科学依据。  相似文献   

14.
Black gram is one of the most important short duration grain legume, which contributes significantly towards nutritional security and environmental sustainability. The virus specific primers confirms the presence of mungbean yellow mosaic India virus (MYMIV) in representative samples. A total of 27 cultivated and two wild species were found as highly resistant (HR) to MYMIV and validated through molecular markers. The start codon target (SCoT) markers analysis revealed that the SCoT loci, namely, SCoT-4 (2200 bp), SCot-9 (1150/ 1200 bp), SCoT-15 (1150/1100 bp), SCoT-16 (700 bp), SCoT-24 (2500 bp), SCoT-25 (700 bp), SCoT-33 (900/1000 bp), and SCoT-34 (600 bp), were found unique, able to distinguish HR and highly susceptible (HS) genotypes. Biochemical characterization and gene expression profiling revealed the higher expression of antioxidants and R-genes just after pathogen inoculation indicated the activation of defence mechanism in both cultivated and its wild relatives, which modulates the resistant responses in cultivated and wild accessions. These information will be really helpful in accelerating resistance breeding in black gram.  相似文献   

15.
Hybrid rice based on wild‐abortive cytoplasmic male sterility (WA‐CMS) is important in boosting rice production, which requires diverse parents to harness heterosis. For this, exploiting the diversity of japonica through tropical japonica (TRJ) lines is an excellent route. In this study, 310 TRJ‐based new plant type (NPT) lines were developed and evaluated for Rf3 and Rf4 genes. Gene‐based (DRRM‐Rf3‐5 and DRRM‐Rf3‐10) and functional marker (RMS‐SF21‐5) targeted Rf3 locus, while gene‐linked (RM6100) and functional marker (RMS‐PPR9‐1) targeted the Rf4 locus. The frequency of the restorer allele of Rf3 gene was lower when compared to that of Rf4. Combined phenotypic and molecular screening using gene‐based and functional markers identified 42 lines that carried Rf3 and/or Rf4 genes. All the selected lines produced fertile F1s when crossed to a WA‐CMS line, “Pusa 6A”, but with varying levels of spikelet fertility. This is the first report of a marker‐cum‐phenotype‐based restorer selection using TRJ‐derived lines. Multilocation evaluation of these lines at three locations indicated better adaptation for grain yield in some of the lines.  相似文献   

16.
甜菜SCoT-PCR反应体系的建立及优化   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
旨在利用SCoT分子标记技术为甜菜指纹图谱构建、遗传多样性分析以及其他分子标记辅助育种提供技术支持。本研究利用单因素实验优化了甜菜SCoT-PCR反应体系。结果表明,在20 μL反应体系中,甜菜SCoT-PCR最优反应体系包含2.0 μL的10×PCR buffer(含Mg2 )、10 ng的DNA、0.5 U的Taq DNA聚合酶、10 μmol/L的引物2 μL以及0.1 μL的dNTPs (2.5 mmol/L each)。利用优化后的程序对12份糖甜菜品种进行扩增,结果表明,该体系扩增结果稳定、条带清晰,可用于甜菜品种指纹图谱的构建以及其他分子生物学领域的研究。  相似文献   

17.
Resistance gene analog polymorphism (RGAP)is a targeted homology based method, which has been used in different crops to identify tightly linked markers for disease resistance genes and also to enrich the map with a different class of markers. In chickpea, using the RGA primers, which are designed based on the conserved motifs present in characterized R-genes, Bulk Segregant Analysis (BSA) was performed on a resistant bulk and a susceptible bulk along with parents for ascochyta blight resistance. Of all available RGAs and their48 different combinations, only one RGA showed polymorphism during BSA. This marker was evaluated in an F7:8 population of142 RILs from an interspecific cross ofC. arietinum (FLIP 84-92C) × C. reticulatum (PI 599072) and was mapped toCicer linkage map. The genomic location of chickpea RGA was compared with the locations of mapped chickpea R-genes. This is the first RGA marker mapped to chickpea linkage map. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

18.
水稻苗期耐低温基因COLD1新功能标记的设计与验证   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
籼稻和粳稻在苗期耐低温基因COLD1的第4外显子存在1个功能性单碱基变异SNP2,粳型COLD1 Jap等位基因低温耐受性表现更强,具有重要的育种利用价值。通过籼粳杂交,可将粳型COLD1 Jap等位基因导入籼稻品种,提高其低温耐受力。为提高COLD1基因的选择效率,根据粳型COLD1 Jap与籼型COLD1 Ind基因存在的单核苷酸差异,结合扩增受阻突变体系PCR的技术原理设计功能标记。应用5个籼稻品种、5个粳稻品种、1个籼粳杂交F1个体以及1个籼粳杂交F2群体对功能标记进行检测验证。结果表明,所设计的功能标记可准确区分纯合粳型COLD1 Jap、纯合籼型COLD1 Ind和杂合基因型,其扩增带型与基因型完全一致,是一种鉴定COLD1基因的有效方法。该标记弥补了前人设计的衍生型酶切扩增多态性序列功能标记费用昂贵、操作复杂及费工费时等不足,可广泛应用于水稻COLD1基因的资源鉴定和分子标记辅助选择育种。  相似文献   

19.
Microsatellite or simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers are important tools for genetic analyses, especially those targeting diversity. The primary objective of this study was to develop robust oat‐based microsatellite markers from newly enriched genomic libraries to expand on a relatively small existing oat SSR toolbox. Microsatellite motifs characterized by (CA/GT), (AAT/TTA), (ATG/TAC) and (CATC/GTAG) repeats were targeted for enrichment. Preliminary screening showed that 90% of clones from the (CA/GT) and 79% of the clones from the (ATG/TAC) libraries contained repeats, while < 11% of the clones from (AAT/TTA) and (CATC/GTAG) libraries contained repeats. Subsequent sequencing of 1536 clones from the (CA/GT) and (ATG/TAC) libraries resulted in 539 and 578 SSRs for which primers were designed, respectively. A total of 246 SSRs were polymorphic across 11 oat lines. One hundred and twenty‐five of the markers produced highly reproducible assays that interrogated 369 alleles at 193 loci. Of these, 79 robust assays interrogated 146 codominant alleles. These markers will be useful for a wide range of genetic analyses in oat including assessment of diversity and marker‐assisted breeding.  相似文献   

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