共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
采前灌溉对骏枣落果、裂果及果实品质的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以8年生骏枣为材料,采用间隔灌水处理法,研究采前(8月1日至9月9日)不同灌溉次数对骏枣落果率、裂果率、叶片相对含水量及果实品质等指标的影响。结果表明:骏枣叶片相对含水量随着土壤含水量的增加而上升,T3(灌水5次)处理叶片相对含水量比CK高17.64%;随着灌水次数的增多,骏枣采前落果率和裂果率均显著下降,其中T3处理的采前落果率和裂果率分别为7.697%±0.724%、12.393%±0.290%,分别较CK低5.977%、9.987%;灌水次数的增多会导致果实中可溶性糖、可滴定酸、Ca和Zn含量减少,同时会促使其可溶性蛋白、糖酸比、黄酮、N、K、Mn、Fe和Cu含量显著提高,对P和Mg含量影响均不显著。增加采前灌水次数能够明显降低骏枣采前落果率和裂果率,灌水5次处理的效果较为显著。 相似文献
2.
3.
4.
斑翅果蝇是一种主要为害软皮水果的害虫, 诱捕剂诱捕是防治该害虫的重要手段。为明确斑翅果蝇对寄主果实及其挥发性物质的趋性, 进而研发植物源引诱剂, 本研究利用四臂嗅觉仪测定了斑翅果蝇成虫对不同种类（葡萄、树莓、杨梅、蓝莓、樱桃和草莓）和不同成熟程度鲜果的趋性, 并分析了寄主果实挥发物成分。结果表明:1)斑翅果蝇成虫对过熟鲜果的趋性最强, 其次为成熟鲜果和未熟的鲜果; 2)成虫对葡萄的趋性最强, 其次分别为树莓、杨梅、蓝莓、樱桃和草莓; 3)葡萄挥发物中含量最高的成分为反式-2-己烯醛, 樱桃和树莓中为苯甲醇, 蓝莓中为乙醇。研究结果为进一步开发高效的斑翅果蝇植物源引诱剂奠定了基础。 相似文献
5.
6.
7.
Neonectria galligena can cause European canker of apple as well as fruit rot. Healthy unwounded fruits on potted trees of cvs Cox, Bramley and Gala were inoculated with conidia of N. galligena to investigate the effects of wetness duration and fruit maturity on rot development. Overall, the incidence of fruit rot was influenced more by fruit maturity at the time of inoculation than by duration of wetness (6–48 h). Young fruit were most susceptible to infection, with 50% of fruit infected when inoculated up to 4 weeks after full bloom. The susceptibility decreased initially until c. 2 months after full bloom and then increased gradually until harvest. Almost all preharvest symptoms (eye rot) developed only on the fruit inoculated up to 4 weeks after full bloom. All other rots were observed after six‐month postharvest storage under controlled atmospheric conditions. However, the relative proportion of preharvest eye rots and postharvest storage rots varied greatly among three years. The effect of wetness duration was only significant for fruit inoculated in their early stages of development but not for those inoculated near harvest. Regression models were developed to describe the observed effects of fruit maturity and wetness on the incidence of total nectria rots. 相似文献
8.
A. W. v. d. Plassche 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1933,39(9):225-231
Voordracht gehouden tijdens de Landbouwweek te Wageningen 3 t/m 7 Juli 1933 相似文献
9.
A. Papavasileiou S. Testempasis T. J. Michailides G. S. Karaoglanidis 《Plant pathology》2015,64(2):416-424
Brown rot is a devastating disease of stone fruits caused by Monilinia spp. This study was conducted to investigate the disease aetiology on blossoms and fruit in peach, apricot, sweet cherry and plum orchards, in Greece. In total, 1433 isolates obtained from orchards located in the main stone fruit production regions of Greece were identified to species based on the presence/size of a cyt b intron. Monilinia laxa and M. fructicola were detected at frequencies of 59 and 41%, respectively, while M. fructigena was absent. Monilinia fructicola was more common on fruit whereas M. laxa occurred in similar frequency on blossoms and fruit. Monilinia laxa was replaced by M. fructicola in fruit infections of peach in both regions investigated and in fruit infections of plum in the Imathia region. Assessments of aggressiveness of 30 isolates of both species on the petals and fruits of the hosts showed that M. fructicola isolates were more aggressive. This suggests that the predominance of M. laxa on the blossoms cannot be explained by higher aggressiveness. Measurements of the effect of temperature on mycelial growth showed that M. laxa isolates had a higher growth rate than M. fructicola at the lowest temperature tested of 5°C, whereas M. fructicola isolates showed higher growth rates at higher temperatures. The observed high frequency of M. fructicola in Greece represents a major threat for stone fruit production. Furthermore, the information obtained about delineation of species and plant organ preference could be useful for the implementation of disease management strategies. 相似文献
10.
A technique for rearing the progeny of wildCeratitis capitata flies was developed. The method is based on wild captured flies which are allowed to oviposit in artificial fruit containing
larval rearing medium. Flies develop in the fruit from eggs to last larval instar, then exit the fruit and pupate within vermiculite.
This method was shown to be feasible and efficient, and to increase considerably the number of wild flies for testing purposes.
Possible contribution to the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) and potential applications of the method are discussed. 相似文献
11.
Netted cantaloupe (Cucumis melo var. cantalupensis cv. Magnum 45) were harvested from 5 to 35 days postanthesis. The fruit of each age group were divided into exocarp, outer mesocarp, mid mesocarp, inner mesocarp, placenta, and seed. Each tissue was extracted and assayed for polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein (PGIP) activity against polygalacturonases (PGs) from three fungal pathogens of cantaloupe fruit. The PGIP activity of all tissues except placenta was high from the flower stage through the first week of fruit development but decreased markedly between 5 and 10 days postanthesis. PGIP activity against Phomopsis cucurbitae PG remained high and nearly constant in placental tissue throughout fruit development. However in this same tissue, PGIP activity against Fusarium solani PG decreased during fruit development to about 25% of its level in the 5-day-old fruit. This differential change in PGIP activity toward the two PGs suggests that different forms of the inhibitor are expressed between early and late stages of cantaloupe fruit development. The results also illustrate the importance of using multiple pathogen enzyme systems that can provide an opportunity for more accurate elucidation of mechanisms involved in the host–pathogen interaction. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture. All programs and services of the US Department of Agriculture are offered on a nondiscriminatory basis without regard to race, color, national origin, religion, sex, age, marital status, or handicap. The article cited was prepared by a USDA employee as part of his/her official duties. Copyright protection under US copyright law is not available for such works. Accordingly, there is no copyright to transfer. The fact that the private publication in which the article appears is itself copyrighted does not affect the material of the US Government, which can be freely reproduced by the public. 相似文献
12.
枣实蝇产卵选择习性研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过枣实蝇产卵选择习性研究,发现枣实蝇喜欢产卵于枣果的背阴面及底部,其产卵孔周围呈现凹陷或瘤状凸起症状,且对不同品种枣果的产卵选择性不同,‘鸡心枣’、‘骏枣’对枣实蝇的抗性大于‘梨枣’、‘灰枣’和‘相枣’;枣果受伤害程度越重,产卵量就越少;不同大小的枣果均受到危害,且以中型果受害最为严重;随枣果成熟度的增加其产卵量逐渐减少,且不产卵于完全红的枣果上。同时枣实蝇对枣、海棠果、青杏、番茄、葡萄等不同寄主的产卵选择性均存在显著性差异,但更喜欢产卵于枣果。胁迫性寄主试验中不同寄主果实的产卵量存在显著差异,但枣果与杏之间的产卵量差异不明显,而且枣实蝇可以在杏果中化蛹并羽化。 相似文献
13.
Most of the fruits formed on muskmelon go to waste due to premature shedding, insect punctures and rotting. An experiment was conducted to test the value of controlling insect damage, eliminating contact of fruits with the soil, avoiding continuous contact of the same part of fruits with the soil, and prophylactic application of fungicides on and around fruits, in saving the fruits from rotting. Placing of fruits on polyethylene sheets was best in reducing the incidence of fruit rot, increasing the yield, and providing high net income. Spraying Bordeaux mixture (6:3:100) on and around the fruits was next best. 相似文献
14.
灰霉病是草莓生产过程中的主要病害,亟需开发实用的草莓灰霉病绿色防控技术,保障草莓持续健康发展。本研究从第一花序盛花期至果实大量成熟,每周使用鼓风机将发育中果实(花托)上残留的衰老花瓣吹落。在第一、二次吹落花瓣前后分别统计每朵花上花瓣数量,计算每朵花平均花瓣数和花瓣吹落效率。49 d后分别调查花瓣吹落处理区与对照区果实灰霉病发病率。结果显示:草莓盛花期花瓣不易脱落,在盛花期一周后使用鼓风机吹落花瓣的效率较高。连续7次使用鼓风机清理后,对照区果实灰霉病平均发病率(8.27%)显著高于处理区(1.52%)。在草莓第一批果实发育期间使用鼓风机吹落衰老花瓣能显著降低果实灰霉病发病率,该方法对果实灰霉病防效为81.56%。 相似文献
15.
16.
17.
18.
Anthracnose fruit rot is an important disease of blueberries, and losses are common in humid growing regions. Most commercial cultivars are susceptible and the disease is usually managed with fungicides. However, a few cultivars are considered resistant. The objectives of this study were to: (i) compare different inoculation techniques for anthracnose fruit rot resistance screening, (ii) screen ripe fruit from a range of blueberry cultivars using selected techniques, and (iii) investigate the role of fruit characteristics in anthracnose fruit rot resistance. The following inoculation methods were evaluated on ripe fruit of a susceptible and resistant cultivar using a conidial suspension: spray, droplet, and injection inoculation of whole fruit; and droplet inoculation of the open surface of cut fruit. All whole‐fruit inoculations yielded similar results. Despite the removal of the epidermis, resistance was also expressed in cut fruit but relatively fewer conidia were produced. The cut‐fruit assay required substantially less time and half the amount of fruit to accomplish than whole‐fruit assays. Detached ripe fruit from 24 cultivars in 2008 and 26 cultivars in 2009 were screened for resistance. Results from the cut‐fruit assay correlated best with published resistance ratings. To determine the possible role of fruit characteristics in resistance, fruit pH, titratable acidity, sugar content and firmness were regressed against various fruit rot resistance measures. Fruit rot resistance was positively correlated with sugar content. On defined media, mycelial growth was restricted as sugar concentration increased and pH decreased, suggesting that fruit composition may play a role in the resistance phenotype. 相似文献
19.
20.
Biological control of postharvest diseases of fruit 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Carla Alexandra Nunes 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2012,133(1):181-196
Postharvest decay in harvested fruit causes considerable economical losses. Fungicides are the primary means to control these
losses. Public concern in food safety and environmental issues and the increase of pathogen resistant populations have enhanced
the interest in developing alternative methods to fungicides to control postharvest fruit decay. During the last two decades
a huge information and advances concerning the selection of antagonists, mode of action, different approaches to enhance biocontrol
activity, formulation and production have been achieved, and some biofungicides are already in the market. It is likely that
several more products will enter the market in the near future, as the result of the biological control research programs
worldwide. Nonetheless, it is necessary to continue finding new potential microorganisms, better understanding the mode of
action, and pathogen, antagonist and host interactions, to increase the potential of biocontrol helping to become a real alternative
to synthetic postharvest fungicides. This article presents an overview of postharvest biological control approaches and explores
new research possibilities to improve biocontrol activity. 相似文献