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1.
Objective
To describe a transorbital approach to the maxillary nerve block in dogs and compare it with a traditional approach.Study design
Prospective, randomized controlled study.Animals
Heads from 17 euthanized dogs (10 Greyhounds, three Border Collies and four of mixed breed).Methods
A volume of 1 mL of methylene blue dye was injected by each of two techniques, a traditional percutaneous approach and a transorbital approach to the maxillary nerve block. Both techniques were used on each head, alternating the left and right sides after random assignment to the first head. The heads were dissected to reveal the maxillary nerve and the length of nerve stained was measured.Results
There was no significant difference (p = 0.67) in the proportion of nerves stained for a length >6 mm by either technique (88.2% transorbital versus 82.3% percutaneous). The mean length of nerve stained did not differ significantly between the techniques (p = 0.26).Conclusions and clinical relevance
The transorbital approach to the maxillary nerve block described here presents a viable alternative to the traditional percutaneous approach. Further study is required to confirm its efficacy and safety under clinical conditions. 相似文献2.
Diego A. Portela Luis Campoy Pablo E. Otero Manuel Martin-Flores Robin D. Gleed 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2017,44(3):636-645
Objective
To describe ultrasound-visualized anatomy and the spread characteristics of a dye injected in the thoracic paravertebral (TPV) space under ultrasound guidance.Study design
Anatomic cadaver study.Animals
Seven dog cadavers.Methods
One cadaver was used to observe, identify, and describe the relevant TPV anatomy. In the remaining six, the left fifth TPV space was randomly assigned to be injected with either a low volume (LV; 0.05 mL kg?1) or high volume (HV; 0.15 mL kg?1) of dye. Subsequently, the contralateral side was injected with the alternative volume. Anatomic dissections were conducted to determine the incidence of complete spinal nerve staining (>1 cm circumferential coverage), number of contiguous spinal nerves dyed and the absence or presence of solution in particular locations.Results
The ultrasound-visualized anatomy of the TPV space was defined as the intercostal space abaxial to the vertebral body, delimited by the parietal pleura ventrally and the internal intercostal membrane dorsally. The endothoracic fascia divides the paravertebral space into dorsal and ventral compartments. The target nerve was completely dyed in five of six and six of six injections in the LV and HV conditions, respectively. In one LV injection, the nerve was partially dyed. No multisegmental spread affecting contiguous spinal nerves was found in either treatment. Multisegmental spread was found in the ventral compartment of the TPV space, affecting the sympathetic trunk on 3 (0–3) and 3.5 (1–6) vertebral spinal levels in the LV and HV conditions, respectively, but differences between volumes were not significant. No intrapleural, ventral mediastinal or epidural migration was observed.Conclusions and clinical relevance
Ultrasound-guided TPV block is a potentially reliable technique. The LV appeared sufficient to dye a single spinal nerve and multiple sympathetic trunk vertebral levels. Multiple TPV injections may be needed to provide adequate thoracic analgesia in dogs undergoing thoracic surgery. 相似文献3.
Objective
To compare the effectiveness of ultrasound- and electrostimulation-guided nerve blocks of the brachial plexus and to determine whether ultrasound guidance is feasible in conscious dogs.Study design
Blinded, crossover, experimental study.Animals
Six clinically healthy adult Beagle dogs.Methods
The nerves of the brachial plexus of the right thoracic limb were blocked under ultrasound guidance (UNB) in conscious dogs and under electrostimulation guidance (ENB) in anesthetized dogs with bupivacaine (0.4 mL kg–1, 0.25%). Saline (0.4 mL kg–1) was injected in control animals. Sensory nerve blockade was evaluated by scoring cutaneous sensation in targeted nerves. Motor nerve blockade was evaluated based on weight bearing, conscious proprioception and withdrawal reflex scores. Times to execute the technique in UNB and ENB were compared using t tests (p < 0.05). Scores for sensory and motor nerve blockades in each treatment were compared with scores before treatment and with control treatment scores using nonparametric repeated-measures two-way analysis of variance. Time to onset and duration of sensory nerve block were assessed using scores for four sensory nerve functions. A successful sensory nerve block was defined by decreases in scores for these functions. Success rates of nerve blocks were compared among treatments using McNemar’s test.Results
In UNB and ENB, onset times of sensory nerve blocks were 1 hour and 1.5 hours, respectively. Onset times of motor nerve blocks were 0.5 hour in both treatments. In UNB and ENB, durations of sensory nerve block were 3 hours and 0.5 hour, respectively, and durations of motor nerve block were 7.5 hours and 6.5 hours, respectively. Success rates did not differ between the techniques.Conclusions and clinical relevance
The UNB brachial plexus block had a shorter onset time and longer duration than ENB. UNB can be performed in conscious dogs or those under mild sedation. 相似文献4.
5.
Jaime Viscasillas Richard Everson Emma Kate Mapletoft Charlotte Dawson 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2019,46(2):246-250
Objective
To describe a novel ultrasound-guided posterior extraconal block in the dog.Study design
Prospective experimental cadaveric study.Animals
A total of 13 Beagle Cross cadaver heads.Methods
After describing the ultrasound bony landmarks and posterior extraconal local regional technique in one head, 12 heads were used to evaluate the spreading of contrast and evaluate potential complications. A 5–8 MHz microconvex ultrasound probe was positioned caudal to the orbital ligament, with the beam orientated transversely, and then tilted caudally until the orbital fissure was visualized. After identifying the bony structures consistent with the orbital fissure, a needle was advanced using an in-plane technique and 0.5 mL of a 50:50 mixture of iohexol and methylene blue was injected. Computed tomography (CT) and dissection were used to evaluate successful injections and potential complications. The injection was considered successful if radiopaque contrast medium was 5 mm from the orbital fissure. Potential complications were defined as the presence of radiopaque contrast within the globe or the intracalvarial tissues.Results
The CT images confirmed contrast at the target site in 15/24 (63%) of the injections. Only two injections were found in the temporalis muscle; the rest of the injections were located in the extraconal space. No potential complications such as intracranial spreading of contrast, intravascular or intraocular injection were found.Conclusions and clinical relevance
The technique can deliver contrast close to the main nerves which provide sensory and motor innervation to the eye. Further studies are needed to evaluate this technique in clinical cases. 相似文献6.
Jenelle Izer Ronald Wilson Krista Hernon Akif Ündar 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2017,44(1):133-137
Objective
To describe an ultrasound-guided approach for venous and arterial vascular access and catheterization in anesthetized adult Yorkshire cross-bred pigs.Study design
Prospective experimental study.Animals
Ten adult female Yorkshire cross-bred pigs, weighing 78.4 ± 5.6 kg (mean ± standard deviation).Methods
Using ultrasound guidance and the Seldinger technique, a 7 Fr, 20 cm triple-lumen central venous catheter was placed in the external jugular vein and an 18 gauge, 16 cm catheter was placed in the femoral artery. The success rate of catheterization and the incidence of catheter patency over 24 hours of general anesthesia were recorded.Results
Catheterization of the external jugular vein was successful in 10 out of 10 pigs and catheterization of the femoral artery was successful in eight out of 10 pigs. A surgical dissection technique on the femoral artery was performed in two pigs. Venous and arterial catheter patency was maintained in all pigs over the 24 hour study period.Conclusions and clinical relevance
Ultrasound guidance resulted in success rates of 100% for catheterization of the external jugular vein and 80% for catheterization of the femoral artery in anesthetized adult Yorkshire cross-bred pigs. This technique is a noninvasive, easily performed alternative to surgical exposure of the vessels in large pigs undergoing surgical instrumentation for biomedical device testing. 相似文献7.
Travis R. Gray Brighton T. Dzikiti Gareth E. Zeiler 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2019,46(2):214-225
Objective
To determine the effect of hyaluronidase on time to onset and offset of anaesthesia in ropivacaine or bupivacaine femoral–ischiatic nerve blocks.Study design
Blinded randomized crossover trial.Animals
Eight dogs.Methods
Each dog underwent four treatments separated into two blocks – initially, the ropivacaine treatment block: RS (ropivacaine 0.5% plus saline 0.9%) and RH (ropivacaine 0.5% plus hyaluronidase 100 IU mL–1), followed 3 weeks later by the bupivacaine treatment block: BS (bupivacaine 0.5% plus saline) and BH (bupivacaine 0.5% plus hyaluronidase). The local anaesthetics were administered at 0.1 mL kg–1 per site. Hyaluronidase and saline were administered at 0.02 mL kg–1 per site. Performance of femoral–ischiatic blocks was aided by a combined ultrasound–electrolocation technique. The mechanical nociceptive threshold was measured, until offset or 360 minutes, using an algometer to ascertain baseline, onset and offset of anaesthesia. Onset and offset of anaesthesia were defined as a 25% increase above and as a return to <25% above baseline nociceptive threshold readings, respectively.Results
The median (range) onset of anaesthesia for RS and RH was 21 (3–60) and 12 (3–21) minutes, respectively (p = 0.141), and offset was 270 (90–360) and 180 (30–300) minutes, respectively (p = 0.361). By contrast, the median (range) onset of anaesthesia for BS and BH was 24 (3–60) and 9 (3–27) minutes, respectively (p = 0.394), and offset was 360 (240–360) and 330 (210–360) minutes, respectively (p = 0.456).Conclusion and clinical relevance
Hyaluronidase had no effect on the onset and offset times of ropivacaine and bupivacaine femoral–ischiatic nerve blocks in dogs compared with saline. The onset and offset times were highly variable in all treatments. Clinically, the high variability of the onset and offset times of the regional anaesthesia of these local anaesthetic drugs means that clinicians must monitor the animal’s response and, if required, provide additional analgesic drugs. 相似文献8.
Hamaseh Tayari Giulio Tazioli Gloria Breghi Angela Briganti 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2017,44(5):1216-1226
Objective
To evaluate intraoperative and postoperative efficacy of ultrasound (US)-guided femoral (FN) and obturator (ON) nerves block, in the iliopsoas muscle compartment (IPM), using an in-plane technique.Study design
Anatomical research and randomized, prospective, ‘blinded’ clinical study.Animals
Six dog cadavers and 20 client-owned dogs undergoing tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO) surgery.Methods
In phase 1, anatomical dissections and US imaging of the IPM were performed to design an US-guided nerve block involving the FN and ON simultaneously. The technique was considered successful if new methylene blue solution injection (0.1 mL kg?1) stained FN–ON for ≥2 cm. In phase 2, the US-guided nerve block designed in phase 1, combined with US-guided sciatic nerve (ScN) block, was performed in 20 dogs undergoing TPLO surgery. Patients were assigned randomly to one of two treatment groups: ropivacaine 0.3% (R3, n = 10) and ropivacaine 0.5% (R5, n = 10) at a volume of 0.1 mL kg?1 for each nerve block. Intraoperative success rate (fentanyl requirement < 2.1 mcg kg?1 hour?1) and postoperative pain score [Short Form-Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale (SF-GCMPS) ≥ 5/20] were evaluated.Results
In phase 1, the US image of FN–ON was detected between L6 and L7. In-plane needling technique produced a staining of >4 cm in six of six cases. No abdominal or epidural dye spread was found. In phase 2, median fentanyl infusion rates were 0.5 (0.0–0.9) μg kg?1 hour?1 for R3 and 0.6 (0.0–2.2) μg kg?1 hour?1 for R5. At 9 and 11 hours after the peripheral nerve blocks, an SF-GCMPS ≥ 5 was observed for R3 and R5, respectively.Conclusions and clinical relevance
The US-guided FN–ON block in the IPM, using an in-plane technique, combined with US-guided ScN block, provided sufficient analgesia to minimize the use of fentanyl during TPLO surgery. A longer postoperative analgesia was observed in group R5 compared with R3. 相似文献9.
10.
Sachie Shimada Miki Shimizu Miori Kishimoto 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2017,44(5):1208-1215
Objective
To determine whether an ultrasound (US)-guided femoral nerve block using a ventral suprainguinal approach could be successfully achieved in sedated dogs; to measure the time to execute the nerve block, onset time, duration, and complete block rate in sensory and motor nerves; and to examine any differences between two volumes for injection.Study design
Blinded crossover experimental study.Animals
A total of 10 clinically healthy adult Beagle dogs.Methods
The femoral nerve of the right pelvic limb was infiltrated with 0.5% bupivacaine at 0.4 (treatment 0.4B) or 0.2 mL kg?1 (treatment 0.2B), or saline at 0.4 mL kg?1 (control) in sedated dogs. The sensory and motor nerve functions were scored on a scale of 0 (complete blockade) to 2 (normal). The onset time and duration of the sensory and motor nerve blockade were compared between treatments 0.4B and 0.2B using a Wilcoxon signed rank test. Sensory and motor nerve function scores for each of the three treatments were compared at multiple time points using a nonparametric multiple comparisons test.Results
The time to execute the nerve block was 2.5 ± 0.9 minutes (n = 30). For both 0.4B and 0.2B treatments, the onset times of both the sensory and motor nerve blockades were 15 minutes. The durations of the sensory nerve blockade for 0.4B and 0.2B were 9.9 ± 1.4 and 10.0 ± 1.2 hours, respectively, and those of the motor nerve blockades were 10.5 ± 1.3 and 10.2 ± 1.3 hours, respectively. No adverse effects were noted. No significant difference was observed between 0.4B and 0.2B.Conclusions and clinical relevance
A US-guided femoral nerve block using a ventral suprainguinal approach demonstrated a short onset and long duration with 0.5% bupivacaine 0.2 mL kg?1 and can be performed under sedation in dogs. 相似文献11.
Luciano C.B.A. da Silva Fábio P. Sellera Ronaldo G. Gargano Thais C. Rossetto Giancarlo B. Gomes Fabiano T. Miyahira Fábio Futema Silvia R.G. Cortopassi 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2017,44(3):684-687
Objective
To evaluate the use of an experimental colloid model for teaching veterinary anesthesia residents ultrasound-guided technique for nerve blockade.Study design
Prospective, blinded and randomized.Methods
Colloid models were constructed for practice in ultrasound-guided needle location. Nine veterinary anesthesia residents with no prior experience of ultrasound-guided technique for nerve blocks were randomly divided into three groups. Each group received theoretical orientation. Two groups were assigned to practical training using the experimental model: group 1 (G1) received 2 hours of training and group 2 (G2) received 1 hour of training prior to testing with specific tasks. Group 3 (G3) received no practical training. During testing, the time required for task completion (e.g., display of structures and positioning a needle) and the number of failures were recorded.Results
The average times to completion of the tasks and the number of technical failures were: G1, 47 seconds and 1 failure; G2, 68 seconds and 2 failures; G3, 187 seconds and 7 failures.Conclusions and clinical relevance
In residents with no prior experience of ultrasound-guided needle placement, using an experimental colloid model and a longer training period was associated with increased accuracy and decreased time to task completion. Based on the results of this study, training with an experimental model can be recommended to improve the speed and accuracy of needle manipulation using ultrasound in clinicians with no prior experience of ultrasound-guided technique. 相似文献12.
Thomas A. Trein Beatriz P. Floriano Juliana T. Wagatsuma Joana Z. Ferreira Guilherme L. da Silva Paulo S.P. dos Santos Sílvia H.V. Perri Valéria NLS. Oliva 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2017,44(1):144-153
Objective
To evaluate motor and sensory blockade of combining dexmedetomidine with ropivacaine, administered perineurally or systemically, for femoral and sciatic nerve blocks in conscious dogs.Study design
Randomized, controlled, experimental study.Animals
Seven healthy Beagle dogs, aged 3.3 ± 0.1 years and weighing 11.0 ± 2.4 kg.Methods
Dogs were anesthetized with isoflurane on three separate occasions for unilateral femoral and sciatic nerve blocks and were administered the following treatments in random order: perineural ropivacaine 0.75% (0.1 mL kg–1) on each nerve and intramuscular (IM) saline (0.2 mL kg–1) (GCON); perineural dexmedetomidine (1 μg mL–1) and ropivacaine 0.75% (0.1 mL kg–1) on each nerve and IM saline (0.2 mL kg–1) (GDPN); and perineural ropivacaine 0.75% (0.1 mL kg–1) on each nerve and IM dexmedetomidine (1 μg mL–1, 0.2 mL kg–1) (GDIM). Nerve blocks were guided by ultrasound and electrical stimulation and dogs were allowed to recover from general anesthesia. Sensory blockade was evaluated by response to clamp pressure on the skin innervated by the saphenous/ femoral, common fibular and tibial nerves. Motor blockade was evaluated by observing the ability to walk and proprioception. Sensory and motor blockade were evaluated until their full recovery.Results
No significant differences in onset time to motor and sensory blockade were observed among treatments. Duration of motor blockade was not significantly different among treatments; however, duration of tibial sensory blockade was longer in the GDPN than in the GDIM treatment.Conclusions and clinical relevance
Although a longer duration of sensory blockade was observed with perineural dexmedetomidine, a significant increase compared with the control group was not established. Other concentrations should be investigated to verify if dexmedetomidine is a useful adjuvant to local anesthetics in peripheral nerve blocks in dogs. 相似文献13.
Dienifer V. Sutil Cláudio R.S. Mattoso Julieta Volpato Nádia C. Weinert Ádson Costa Rozyanne R. Antunes Thiago R. Muller Suzane L. Beier Ronise Tochetto Felipe Comassetto Mere E. Saito 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2017,44(4):746-754
Objective
To evaluate the onset and duration of hematological changes and the use of Doppler ultrasound (spleen) in dogs sedated with acepromazine or xylazine.Study design
Clinical study.Animals
A total of 24 mixed breed dogs aged 1–4 years and weighing 15–25 kg.Methods
Dogs were randomly distributed into two groups: acepromazine group (AG) which were administered acepromazine (0.05 mg kg?1) intramuscularly and xylazine group (XG) administered xylazine (0.5 mg kg?1) intramuscularly. Sonographic evaluations (morphologic and hemodynamic splenic vascularization) and hematologic tests were performed before drug administration (baseline) and 5, 15, 30, 60, 120, 240, 360, 480 and 720 minutes after drug administration.Results
A significant reduction occurred in erythrogram variables in AG at 15–720 minutes corresponding with a significant enlargement of the spleen. In XG, a significant reduction was observed in the erythrogram variables at 30–60 minutes without a significant enlargement of the spleen. Hilar diameter did not change over time in either group. Flow alterations were found only in the splenic artery in AG, with a decreased final diastolic velocity observed at 60–120 minutes.Conclusions
Administration of acepromazine resulted in decreased red blood cell count, hemoglobin, packed cell volume and an increased diameter of the spleen. Xylazine administration resulted in similar hematologic changes but of smaller magnitude and duration and without splenic changes. The absence of significant changes in the Doppler flow parameters of the splenic artery and vein and the hilar diameter suggests that the splenomegaly that was observed in AG was not due to splenic vasodilation. No splenic sequestration occurred after xylazine administration.Clinical relevance
The results indicate that acepromazine decreases the erythrocyte concentrations by splenic erythrocyte sequestration and concomitant splenomegaly. Xylazine can cause slight hematologic changes, but without splenic changes. 相似文献14.
Paolo Monticelli Ian Jones Jaime Viscasillas 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2017,44(4):968-972
Objective
To describe an ultrasound-guided thoracic paravertebral block in canidae.Study design
Prospective, experimental, cadaveric study.Animals
Twelve thawed fox cadavers.Methods
A 15 MHz linear transducer was used to visualize the paravertebral space at the level of the fifth thoracic vertebrae. Iohexol (300 mg mL?1) at 0.2 mL kg?1 was injected into the right and left paravertebral spaces under ultrasound guidance using a Tuohy needle. The needle was advanced in a lateral to medial direction using an in-plane technique. Injections were performed by two operators, each performing 12 injections in six fox cadavers. A thoracic computed tomography was then performed and evaluated by a single operator. The following features were recorded: paravertebral contrast location (yes/no), length of contrast column (number of intercostal spaces), location of contrast relative to the fifth thoracic vertebrae (cranial/caudal/mixed), epidural contrast contamination (yes/no), pleural contrast contamination (yes/no) and mediastinal contrast contamination (yes/no).Results
All injections resulted in paravertebral contrast distribution (24/24). The mean length of the contrast column was five intercostal spaces. Contrast spread was caudal to the injection site in 54% (7/24), cranial in 29% (4/24) and mixed in 17% (3/24). Pleural contamination was observed in 50% (12/24) of injections; 42% (10/24) and 4% (1/24) of the injections resulted in mediastinal and epidural contamination, respectively.Conclusions and clinical relevance
Injection of the paravertebral space in canidae is possible using the technique described. Possible complications include epidural, pleural and mediastinal contamination. To establish clinical efficacy and safety of this technique, further studies are required. 相似文献15.
Objectives
To determine the prevalence of mitral valve regurgitation (MR) in asymptomatic Swedish Norfolk terriers.Animals
Seventy-nine privately owned Norfolk terriers.Materials and methods
A prospective observational study was conducted where dogs were recruited via the Swedish Norfolk terrier club. All dogs were examined using the same protocol including physical examination and Doppler echocardiography.Results
Fifteen dogs (19%) had a murmur at the time of the examination. A total of 35 dogs (44%) had MR, including 23 dogs (29%) with both MR and tricuspid valve regurgitation and 12 dogs (15%) with MR only, identified on Doppler echocardiography. In addition, 7 dogs (9%) had tricuspid valve regurgitation only. The prevalence of MR increased with increasing age (p < 0.0001).Conclusions
Mitral valve regurgitation is common in asymptomatic Norfolk terriers with and without murmurs and the prevalence increases with age. The impact of MR in this breed on survival remains to be elucidated by a longitudinal study. 相似文献16.
Anderson F. da Cunha Sara J. Ramos Michelle Domingues Amanda Shelby Hugues Beaufrère Rhett Stout Mark J. Acierno 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2017,44(5):1068-1075
Objectives
1) To determine which peripheral artery commonly used for invasive arterial blood pressure (IBP) monitoring yields the least bias when compared with noninvasive blood pressure (NIBP) values obtained at the antebrachium of the dog, and 2) to identify and describe differences in systolic (SAP), mean (MAP) and diastolic arterial pressures (DAP) among different anatomical locations.Study design
Prospective experimental study.Animals
Twenty adult hound dogs weighing 24.5 ± 1.1 kg (mean ± standard deviation).Methods
Four peripheral arteries—dorsal pedal, median caudal, intermediate auricular and superficial palmar arteries—were catheterized with 20 gauge, 3.8 cm catheters. One NIBP cuff was placed in the middle third of the antebrachium. Four sets of IBP and NIBP measurements were simultaneously collected every 2 minutes. A linear mixed model was performed to analyze the collected data.Results
IBP values varied depending on the arterial catheterization site. The difference was greater for SAP. NIBP measured at the antebrachium had the best agreement with IBP measured at the median caudal artery.Conclusion and clinical relevance
IBP varies among anatomical locations. The smallest bias and narrowest limits of agreement were obtained at the median caudal artery, providing the best overall agreement with the equipment studied. The median caudal artery may be the preferable anatomical location for clinical comparison studies between IBP and NIBP in dogs when the cuff is on the antebrachium. 相似文献17.
E.T. Hostnik B.A. Scansen A.M. Habing G.A. Chiappone R.R. Layman R.D. White 《Journal of Veterinary Cardiology》2017,19(6):480-491
Introduction
Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is the primary tool for the assessment of cardiac structure and function in dogs but is challenging in English bulldogs due to dorsoventral compression of the thorax, obesity, and narrow intercostal spaces. Multi-detector computed tomography angiography (CTA) may overcome the conformational obstacles of cardiac imaging in this breed.Animals
Eleven client-owned English bulldogs.Materials and Methods
Prospective clinical trial with paired analysis of TTE and CTA studies.Results
Eight of the 25 linear cardiac dimensional measurements were significantly different between TTE and CTA (p<0.033). Intraobserver agreement was strong with average coefficients of variation (CV) of 5.34% for TTE and 2.50% for CTA. Interobserver agreement CV averaged 6.5% for TTE and 8.75% CTA. Ejection fraction, stroke volume, and end-systolic volume were significantly different between modalities (all p<0.002). No significant difference was present between end-diastolic volume for TTE compared with CTA.Discussion
High-quality cardiac angiographic studies were accomplished using CTA without the use of general anesthesia in English bulldogs. Multi-detector computed tomography angiography and TTE are not interchangeable modalities in the clinical setting.Conclusion
Multi-detector-CT ECG-gated cardiac angiography is possible in sedated, non-intubated English bulldogs. Differences were found between some cardiac dimensions as measured by TTE in the awake dog and compared with sedated CTA, indicating the two methodologies are not equivalent. Sedated, non-intubated CTA yielded high-quality imaging with strong intraobserver and interobserver measurement repeatability in English bulldogs. 相似文献18.
Bruno H. Pypendop Juhana Honkavaara Jan E. Ilkiw 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2017,44(1):52-62
Objective
To characterize the cardiovascular effects of dexmedetomidine, with or without MK-467, following intravenous (IV) administration in cats.Study design
Prospective Latin square experimental study.Animals
Six healthy adult purpose-bred cats.Methods
Cats were anesthetized with desflurane in oxygen for instrumentation with a carotid artery catheter and a thermodilution catheter in the pulmonary artery. One hour after discontinuation of desflurane, cats were administered dexmedetomidine (25 μg kg–1), MK-467 (600 μg kg–1), or dexmedetomidine (25 μg kg–1) and MK-467 (600 μg kg–1). All treatments were administered IV as a bolus. Cardiovascular variables were measured prior to drug administration and for 8 hours thereafter. Only data from the dexmedetomidine and dexmedetomidine–MK-467 treatments were analyzed.Results
Dexmedetomidine produced significant decreases in heart rate, cardiac index and right ventricular stroke work index, and significant increases in arterial blood pressure, central venous pressure, pulmonary artery pressure and systemic vascular resistance index. Dexmedetomidine combined with MK-467 resulted in significant but transient decrease in blood pressure and right ventricular stroke work index.Conclusion and clinical relevance
Following IV co-administration, MK-467 effectively attenuated dexmedetomidine-induced cardiovascular effects in cats. The drug combination resulted in transient reduction in arterial blood pressure, without causing hypotension. 相似文献19.
Amélie Choquette Jérôme R.E. del Castillo Maxim Moreau Martin Guillot Kate Alexander Jean-Jacques Kona-Boun Dominique Gauvin Eric Troncy 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2017,44(2):317-328
Objective
To compare the motor and sensory block efficacy and duration of a modified paravertebral brachial plexus block (PBPB) after administration of lidocaine alone (LI) or combined with epinephrine (LE).Study design
Prospective, randomized, blinded, crossover study.Animals
A total of eight healthy female Beagle dogs.Methods
Under general anesthesia, modified PBPB was performed on the left thoracic limb using neurostimulation and/or ultrasound guidance to administer lidocaine (2 mg kg–1; 0.2 mL kg–1) either alone (treatment LI, n = 10) or with epinephrine (1:100,000; treatment LE, n = 9). Sensory block was evaluated through reaction to a painful mechanical stimulus applied at five sites on the limb. Motor block effect was evaluated according to visual gait assessments and thoracic limb vertical force measurements under dynamic and static conditions. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures generalized estimating equations. All statistical tests were performed two-sided at the α = 0.05 significance threshold.Results
The duration of sensory block did not differ significantly between treatments. Visible gait impairment was more persistent in LE than in LI (118 ± 63 minutes for LI and 163 ± 23 minutes for LE; mean ± standard deviation) (p = 0.027). At nadir value, dynamic peak vertical force was lower in LE than in LI (p = 0.007). For both dynamic and static evaluations, the nadir and the return to baseline force were delayed in LE (return to normal at 180–200 minutes) when compared with LI (130–140 minutes) (p < 0.005).Conclusions and clinical relevance
The addition of epinephrine to lidocaine prolonged the duration and increased the intensity of the regional block, as verified by visual gait assessment and kinetic analysis. No significant difference was noted between treatments regarding sensory blockade. Kinetic analysis could be useful to evaluate regional anesthetic effect in dogs. 相似文献20.