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1.
Response of soil microbial communities to compost amendments 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Ana Pérez-Piqueres 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2006,38(3):460-470
Soil organic matter is considered as a major component of soil quality because it contributes directly or indirectly to many physical, chemical and biological properties. Thus, soil amendment with composts is an agricultural practice commonly used to improve soil quality and also to manage organic wastes. We evaluated in laboratory scale experiments the response of the soilborne microflora to the newly created soil environments resulting from the addition of three different composts in two different agricultural soils under controlled conditions. At a global level, total microbial densities were determined by classical plate count methods and global microbial activities were assessed by measuring basal respiration and substrate induced respiration (SIR). Soil suppressiveness to Rhizoctonia solani diseases was measured through bioassays performed in greenhouses. At a community level, the modifications of the metabolic and molecular structures of bacterial and fungal communities were assessed. Bacterial community level physiological profiles (CLPP) were determined using Biolog™ GN microtiter plates. Bacterial and fungal community structures were investigated using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) fingerprinting. Data sets were analyzed using analysis of variance and ordination methods of multivariate data. The impact of organic amendments on soil characteristics differed with the nature of the composts and the soil types. French and English spent mushroom composts altered all the biological parameters evaluated in the clayey soil and/or in the sandy silty clay soil, while green waste compost did not modify either bacterial and fungal densities, SIR values nor soil suppressiveness in any of the soils. The changes in bacterial T-RFLP fingerprints caused by compost amendments were not related to the changes in CLPP, suggesting the functional redundancy of soil microorganisms. Assessing the density, the activity and the structure of the soil microflora allowed us not only to detect the impact of compost amendment on soil microorganisms, but also to evaluate its effect at a functional level through the variation of soil disease suppressiveness. Differences in disease suppressiveness were related to differences in chemical composition, in availability of nutrients at short term and in microbial composition due to both incorporation and stimulation of microorganisms by the compost amendments. 相似文献
2.
在一年内棉花的四个生长时期（苗期,蕾期,花铃期,吐絮期）分别采集转Bt基因抗虫棉GK12和非转基因亲本棉花泗棉3号根际土壤,以及未种植棉花的背景土壤,利用末端标记限制性片段长度多态性（T-RFLP）分析技术,分析三种土壤中细菌和古菌的16S rRNA基因片段多态性,结合克隆文库建立和测序,研究了土壤中细菌和古菌群落结构的变化.结果表明：在棉花生长的各个时期,背景土壤中细菌群落结构发生了明显的变化,生物多样性指数明显降低,古菌群落结构也有一定的变化,说明季节性变化对土壤中微生物群落产生了明显的影响.与背景土壤相比,棉花种植后根际土壤中细菌和古菌群落发生显著的变化.转基因棉花与非转基因棉花相比,根际土壤细菌和古菌的种类和种群大小的分布也发生了明显的改变.克隆文库和测序结果表明土壤中主体微生物为目前未培养的、功能特性未知的细菌和古菌,转基因棉花种植对这些细菌和古菌影响的原因、环境危害和生态风险目前尚不清楚.与古菌群落相比,棉花种植对细菌群落结构的影响较小. 相似文献
3.
A growing number of studies point at the involvement of root herbivores in influencing plant performance, community composition and succession. However, little is known about the factors that control root herbivore abundance and the role of local variation in the effectiveness of these factors. Here, we performed a full factorial experiment with plants, root-feeding nematodes and rhizosphere microbial communities from two dune sites, to test the hypothesis that the outcome of belowground multitrophic interactions depends on local differences between the interacting organisms. The organisms included the marram grass Ammophila arenaria, the cyst nematode Heterodera arenaria, microbial plant pathogens and natural enemies of the nematodes from two coastal foredune systems, one in The Netherlands and one in Wales. The two plant populations differed at the molecular and phenotypic level, and the microbial communities from the two dune sites differed in the composition of the dominant soil fungi but not of the dominant bacteria. Plants were negatively affected by the rhizosphere microorganisms from one of the sites. Nevertheless, nematode performance was not affected by the origin of both the host plants and the microbial communities. The reproductive output of the cyst nematode depended on the presence of microorganisms, as well as on inter-population variability in the response of the nematode to these natural enemies. In the absence of microorganisms, the two nematode populations differed in the number and size of the produced cysts, although maternal effects cannot be excluded. Inter-population differences in the host plant were a secondary factor in the nematode-microorganisms interactions, and did not influence bottom-up control of the cyst nematodes. Our results did not reveal strong signals of coevolution in belowground multitrophic interactions of plants, cyst nematodes and soil microbial communities. We conclude that the interactions between the studied organisms do not necessarily depend on their local vs. non-local origin. Nevertheless, we were able to show that local variation in soil organism community composition can be an important factor in determining the outcome of interactions in belowground multitrophic systems. 相似文献
4.
We have studied the structural effects of application to the soil of a potentially detrimental herbicide, 4,6-dinitroorthocresol (DNOC) by analysing amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) signatures of 16S rDNA fragments of culturable bacterial communities isolated from diluted soil suspensions. This approach has the potential to reveal changes induced by stressing the soil microflora with DNOC. This paper shows that, whereas only few changes of the ARDRA and T-RFLP profiles result from ageing of the soil, treatment of the soil with DNOC induces major modifications of these profiles. Therefore, for the practical purpose of pesticide registration, ARDRA and T-RFLP analysis performed on the dominant culturable fraction of the soil bacteria, implemented using conventional gel electrophoresis, offers the means of a routine, simple and meaningful test for detecting some of the changes affecting the structure of the soil microflora in response to pesticide application. 相似文献
5.
Minna-Liisa Rantalainen Jari Haimi Hannu Fritze Taina Pennanen Heikki Setälä 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2008,40(4):853-863
Due to the practical difficulties of experimental study of habitat fragmentation and habitat corridors at the landscape scale, the use of smaller-scale model systems has been offered as a feasible alternative to uncover the ecological phenomena taking place in fragmented environments. In this mini-review, we consider the applicability of the soil decomposer community as such a model system. For the most part, this article is based on the few studies that have explicitly addressed this question by experimental manipulations of the natural habitat of soil decomposer community. However, to broaden the view, we also capitalize upon studies focusing on the effects of isolation and soil use changes on soil organisms and on dispersal of soil fauna, all of these being considered as factors determining the sensitivity of organisms to habitat fragmentation. Since usability of a model system by definition depends on the possibility of applying the results to other (usually larger scale) systems, we discuss the characteristics of the soil decomposer community also from this point of view.The existing data suggest that soil organisms, in general, are not sensitive to habitat fragmentation even in small scale. Because of this, and the unique features of the belowground environment and its biota combined with gaps in the knowledge of the life history characteristics of soil organisms, the soil decomposer community is not ideal for predicting the implications of habitat fragmentation and habitat corridors on threatened species. Despite this, we still believe that there are lessons to be learned by studying the effects of habitat fragmentation on this important community of organisms, especially in combination with the consequences of ongoing climate change. 相似文献
6.
长期施肥对农田土壤真菌的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
不合理施肥所引发的土壤环境问题逐渐成为制约我国农业可持续发展的重要因素之一,而土壤真菌作为一类重要的土壤微生物,研究施肥措施对真菌群落的影响对促进农业生产具有重要意义。本研究以有20年历史的长期定位试验田为研究对象,利用末端限制性片段长度多态性分析技术,对长期定位施肥农田生态系统中不同施肥方式对土壤真菌群落的影响以及时间变化规律进行了系统研究。长期施肥定位试验包括EM堆肥(EM)、传统堆肥(OF)、化肥(CF)和不施肥(CK)处理。主要研究结果如下:在0~20 cm土层,施肥处理对土壤真菌多样性有显著影响,Shannon-Weiner多样性指数为2.64~3.53,Simpson集中性指数为0.03~0.08;EM和OF处理的Shannon-Weiner多样性指数均显著高于CF和CK;在3月、6月和10月,EM和OF处理与CF和CK处理相比,有较高的真菌多样性;Simpson集中性指数最高的是3月的CK处理,最低的是10月的EM和OF处理。冗余分析结果表明,土壤pH、有机质、总氮、有效磷和有效钾等对真菌影响显著。因此,长期施用有机肥与化肥相比可以提高土壤真菌多样性,改变其群落结构;与化肥处理相比,施用EM堆肥,不仅可以保持土壤可持续利用性,同时改善0~20 cm土层土壤真菌的生存环境;3种施肥处理对土壤真菌群落结构影响程度由强到弱:EMOFCF。 相似文献
7.
Edaphic biota significantly affects several essential ecological functions such as C-storage, nutrient turnover, and productivity. However, it is not completely understood how belowground animal contribution to these functions changes in grasslands subject to different land use types. A microcosm experiment was carried out to test the effect of a tritrophic food chain on CO2 release from grassland soils. Soil was collected from three differently managed grassland systems (meadow, pasture, and mown pasture) located in three distinct German regions that cover a north-south gradient of approximately 500 km. The tritrophic food chain comprised natural edaphic microflora, nematodes, and predatory gamasid mites. The experimental design involved a full factorial combination of the presence and absence of nematodes and gamasid mites. Nematodes significantly increased the CO2 emissions in most treatments, but the extent of this effect varied with land use type. The fact that grazing by nematodes stimulated the metabolic activity of the edaphic microflora over a wide range of grassland soils highlighted the critical impact of the microfauna on ecosystem services associated with soil organic matter dynamics. Gamasids slightly amplified the effect of nematodes on microbial metabolic activity, but only in the pastures. This effect was most probably due to the control of nematode abundance. The fact that gamasid addition also augmented the impact of environmental conditions on nematode-induced modulation of soil respiration highlighted the need for including land use differences while evaluating soil fauna contribution to soil processes. To conclude, the differential response of the investigated tritrophic food chain to different grassland management systems suggests that adverse effects of land use intensification on important soil processes such as atmospheric C-release could potentially be reduced by using management methods that preserve essential features of the belowground food web. 相似文献
8.
《Applied soil ecology》2010,46(3):193-200
Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) co-exist in soil, but their relative distribution may vary depending on the environmental conditions. Effects of changes in soil organic matter and nutrient content on the AOB and AOA are poorly understood. Our aim was to compare effects of long-term soil organic matter depletion and amendments with labile (straw) and more recalcitrant (peat) organic matter, with and without easily plant-available nitrogen, on the activities, abundances and community structures of AOB and AOA. Soil was sampled from a long-term field site in Sweden that was established in 1956. The potential ammonia oxidation rates, the AOB and AOA amoA gene abundances and the community structures of both groups based on T-RFLP of amoA genes were determined. Straw amendment during 50 years had not altered any of the measured soil parameters, while the addition of peat resulted in a significant increase of soil organic carbon as well as a decrease in pH. Nitrogen fertilization alone resulted in a small decrease in soil pH, organic carbon and total nitrogen, but an increase in primary production. Type and amount of organic matter had an impact on the AOB and AOA community structures and the AOA abundance. Our findings confirmed that AOA are abundant in soil, but showed that under certain conditions the AOB dominate, suggesting niche differentiation between the two groups at the field site. The large differences in potential rates between treatments correlated to the AOA community size, indicating that they were functionally more important in the nitrification process than the AOB. The AOA abundance was positively related to addition of labile organic carbon, which supports the idea that AOA could have alternative growth strategies using organic carbon. The AOB community size varied little in contrast to that of the AOA. This indicates that the bacterial ammonia oxidizers as a group have a greater ecophysiological diversity and potentially cover a broader range of habitats. 相似文献
9.
G. Tyler A. - M. Balsberg Påhlsson G. Bengtsson E. Bååth L. Tranvik 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1989,47(3-4):189-215
Ecological and physiological effects of heavy metals on terrestrial organisms are reviewed, considering evidence from both laboratory and field studies. Problems concerning how to define heavy-metal exposure and to assess the sensitivity of field biota to heavy metals are discussed. Mechanisms of heavy-metal tolerance are considered including avoidance, exclusion, immobilization and excretion, as well biochemical mechanisms including enzymatic change. The taxonomy of heavy-metal tolerance and problems concerning tolerance and ecological performance are discussed briefly. Efforts are made to compare the relative sensitivity of various groups, including bacteria, fungi, bryophytes, lichens, vascular plants and soil invertebrates. An emphasis is placed on organisms of temperate forest ecosystems, particularly coniferous forests. 相似文献
10.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of reclaimed scenarios on soil enzyme activities and microbial community in a reclaimed surface coal mine on the Northwest Loess Plateau of China. Soil samples were collected from a bare land (CK), and a plantation (PL) and four mixed forests (MF1-4). Soil physicochemical characteristics, four enzyme activities and microbial abundance and T-RFLP (terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism) profiles were measured. Effects of reclaimed scenarios on soil nutrients content, enzyme activities and microbial community were pronounced. Soil organic carbon could be well used to predict the major differences in enzyme activities, and microbial abundance and composition. Soil enzyme activities were more significantly correlated with fungal abundance than bacterial and archaeal ones. The higher soil nutrient content, enzyme activities, and microbial abundance and diversity were from mixed forests and the lowest ones were from CK, which suggested mixed forests would be feasible scenarios in semi-arid Loess Plateau. Soil bacteria, archaea and fungi evolved with reclaimed process, but the influences of reclaimed scenarios on each domain of microbial abundance, diversity and composition were different. These findings suggested that soil bacteria, archaea and fungi play different ecological roles during restoration process. 相似文献
11.
气候变化对土壤有机碳库分子结构特征与稳定性影响研究进展 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
气候变化与土壤碳库之间的相互作用及耦合机制一直是学术界研究的热点与难点。虽然目前在群落—生态系统、区域—全球等不同尺度上开展了大量研究,然而在分子尺度上探究气候因子波动对土壤有机碳库化学结构特征影响机制方面却鲜有研究。本文综述了近年来气候因子变化及其导致的环境、生态因子变化与土壤有机碳库分子结构特征的关系。气温升高不仅将改变土壤中源自植物部分的有机碳来源特征,同时也会将加速土壤木质素等碳组分分解,排水或者旱化引起有机质分解加速,土壤中C=O键增加。植被演替、土壤动物及微生物等与气候变化密的切相关的生态因子则会影响输入土壤植被残体性质,加速糖类、脂类及木质素分解、并改变有机碳结构的生物分子标志物;土壤中有机碳稳定性与分子结构特征密切相关,土壤中具有高的苯环结构(芳香族化合物)及O-烷基碳通常表明土壤碳库具有更高的稳定性,而之前认为较为稳定的木质素等结构在气候变暖背景下可能并不稳定。未来研究中应着重关注与土壤有机碳分子标志物的识别与生态意义判读、生物对土壤有机碳分子结构转换过程的调控作用及机制、大尺度环境/生态过程与碳库分子结构转变的耦合机制及新的土壤有机碳分子结构辨识技术及判读等方面的研究。 相似文献
12.
免耕对农田土壤生物学特性的影响 总被引：32，自引：3，他引：32
农业管理对土壤群落水平下各种生物之间复杂的相互作用的影响是土壤生态学研究的一个热点。土壤生物和酶活性在改善土壤结构、养分循环、有机质分解和保持中起重要作用。与常规耕作系统比,免耕系统中作物残体和土壤矿物质的机械混合要少得多,因此免耕系统更接近于未受扰动的自然生态系统,可能更加依赖于土壤生物体的固有作用。综合有关文献讨论了耕作实践对一些土壤生物学特性的影响。总体看来,土壤线虫总量及功能类群对免耕既可能是正响应也可能是负响应,与常规耕作相比免耕系统中土壤微生物的丰富度或生物量增加,土壤酶活性增强,土壤呼吸作用减弱。最后还对免耕系统中有关土壤生物学特性研究的重要性和需要解决的问题进行了小结。 相似文献
13.
Flemming Ekelund Stephane Saj Mette Vestergrd Joanne Bertaux Juha Mikola 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2009,41(11):2336-2342
Protozoa stimulate plant growth, but we do not completely understand the underlying mechanisms, and different hypotheses seek to explain this phenomenon. To test these hypotheses, we grew the grass Yorkshire fog (Holcus lanatus) in pots with soil, which contained either (1) no organisms but bacteria – or (2) bacteria and protozoa. Half of the pots received a glucose treatment so as to mimic an additional root exudation. We measured plant growth and plant nitrogen uptake, along with various microbial pools and processes that support plant growth. Protozoan presence significantly enhanced soil nitrogen mineralization, plant nitrogen uptake from organic nitrogen sources, plant nitrogen content, and plant growth. By contrast, we found no evidence that glucose addition, mimicking root exudation, increased soil nitrogen availability and plant nitrogen uptake. Moreover, although protozoan presence affected bacterial community structure, it did not affect the proportion of IAA-producing bacteria in the community or plant root morphology. These results refute the “soil microbial loop” hypotheses, which suggest that protozoan stimulation of plant growth results from complex interactions between plant roots, bacteria and protozoa. Our experiment thus favours the simple explanation that increased nitrogen availability is the key factor behind the positive protozoan effect on plant growth. To exploit natural resources in an efficient and environmentally friendly way, we need to understand in detail the functioning of ecosystems. This study stresses that to achieve this, it is still urgent, besides investigating intricate food-web and signal compound interactions, also to focus on the basic stoichiometric and energetic aspects of organisms. 相似文献
14.
红壤坡地利用方式对土壤细菌群落结构的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
利用中国科学院桃源农业生态试验站坡地不同利用方式长期定位观测试验场农田、自然恢复和茶园土壤为研究对象,直接从土壤中抽提总DNA,应用T-RFLP和RT-PCR技术研究红壤坡地利用方式对土壤细菌群落结构的影响。结果表明,红壤坡地三种土地利用方式土壤细菌多样性指数农田>茶园>自然恢复(p<0.05),但土壤细菌数量茶园>自然恢复>农田(p<0.05),茶园土壤细菌数量是农田的8.76倍。基于T-RFLP图谱的样品间相似性指数和主要限制性片段(T-RFs)定性分析均表明,农田与茶园和自然恢复土壤均存在显著的差异(p<0.05),而茶园和自然恢复土壤细菌群落比较相似。不同土地利用方式土壤有机质、有效磷和速效钾均对土壤细菌群落结构产生显著影响(p<0.05)。综合考虑经济效益和保持红壤坡地的可持续利用,茶园将成为中国南方红壤丘陵坡地可持续利用的一种有效方式。 相似文献
15.
链霉菌JD211对水稻幼苗促生作用及土壤细菌多样性的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以春光1号水稻为供试种子,链霉菌JD211为供试菌,通过浅盘试验研究链霉菌JD211对水稻生物量和土壤细菌多样性的影响。结果表明:菌剂用量10 g kg-1对水稻幼苗的生长有极显著的促进作用,幼苗总干重、地上部分干重、地下部分干重与对照相比分别提高52.15%、44.56%、65.55%,植株全氮、全磷分别提高90.10%、58.51%。与CK土壤相比,菌剂用量10 g kg-1的土壤速效氮、有效磷均有显著提高,分别提高了37.49%、40.62%。细菌多样性的末端限制性片段长度多样性(T-RFLP)分析表明链霉菌JD211能促进一些稀有或生态势较弱的细菌生长,使参与土壤营养循环、改善土壤质地及防治植物病害的功能菌成为优势菌群。土壤功能微生物类群的变化,加速了N、P等土壤养分循环,增强了水稻对N、P等矿质养分的吸收,从而促进水稻生长。 相似文献
16.
Microenvironments of soil microorganisms 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
R. C. Foster 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1988,6(3):189-203
Summary Ultrastructural studies of soil micro-organisms and the microenvironments surrounding them are reviewed. Soil microfauna, and bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi, fixed and embedded in situ, were examined by electron microscopy (both transmission and scanning). In some cases ultrastructural histochemistry was used to detect and identify the organic matter with which microorganisms were associated and to examine the polymeric microbial materials (enzymes, extracellular polysaccharides) they produced. Although some small organisms (0.3 m diameter) occurred singly in dense fabrics of clay or humified organic matter, larger bacteria occurred in rhizospheres, in small colonies in the larger micropores or associated with substantial deposits of organic matter (faecal pellets, carbohydrate-rich plant cell-wall debris). Whereas rhizospheres had mixed microbial populations, individual microvoids in the bulk soil usually contained only one type of micro-organism. Following chloroform treatment, microorganisms were found only in mucigel deposits or deep in the interiors of micropores, suggesting that these constitute protected sites where microorganisms survive temporarily adverse conditions. Soil microfauna and fungi were mainly confined to the larger voids. Although some live hyphae occurred in the outer regions of aggregates, hyphae deep within soil fabrics were usually devoid of cytoplasmic organelles. Faecal pellets, plant tissues and cell-wall remnants comprised the most frequent, larger organic masses, while the most common micron- and submicron-sized organic matter consisted of fibrous or amorphous humified matter. Unequivocal detection of enzymes was limited to the surface of microorganisms. 相似文献
17.
采用末端限制性片段长度多态性分析(T-RFLP)和荧光定量PCR技术,研究了两种土壤温度(对照不增温,10℃±2℃;增温,20℃±2℃)和两种施肥方式(对照不施肥;鸡粪有机肥底肥+尿素追肥)对土壤细菌群落结构及其多样性和数量特征的影响。结果表明:相同施肥方式下,土壤增温增加土壤速效养分含量,尤其在施肥时增加幅度更明显。分析显示施肥对土壤细菌群落结构的影响在不同土壤温度条件下表现不同。土壤不增温条件下,施肥增加细菌Pielou均匀度指数和Shannon-Weiner多样性指数,Simpson优势度指数降低;土壤增温条件下,则效果相反。与不增温比,增温使土壤细菌Pielou均匀度指数和Shannon-Weiner多样性指数降低,但物种个体数和Simpson优势度指数增加明显。增温改变了土壤细菌群落结构,62 bp和93 bp两种限制性末端片段在土壤增温条件下优势度提高,主要包括共生菌和杆菌。 相似文献
18.
《Applied soil ecology》2001,16(2):131-139
The variation in bacterial, fungal and total microbial biomass and activity was studied together with the abundance of soil nematodes and microarthropods after the addition of substrates differing in nitrogen availability to a soddy-podzolic soil. The experiments were carried out in microcosms with native and defaunated soil to evaluate stimulatory and suppressive effects of the microfauna on soil micro-organisms. Predation by microfauna (nematodes) and mesofauna (microarthropods) reduced the microbial biomass and microbial respiration by approximately 25% after addition of nitrogen rich alfalfa meal. When starch and wheat straw were supplied, the microbial biomass and activity were stimulated by up to 30% by grazing. Thus, the effect of predation on the microbiota depended on the composition of the available substrates and available nitrogen seems to be an important factor controlling stimulation or suppression of soil micro-organisms by the soil fauna when fresh organic compounds are accessible. The presence of soil fauna stimulated bacteria and, thus, reduced the fungal/bacterial ratio during the course of decomposition. In contrast, the fungal/bacterial ratio declined due to decreasing fungal biomass in defaunated soil. 相似文献
19.
《Pedobiologia》2014,57(3):147-154
Fumigation is a common practice to control soil pathogens, but little is known about the impacts of fumigation on other soil biota groups. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of fumigation on soil biota, including microorganisms, nematodes, and microarthropods. Bacteria were the most resistant group and some survived following treatment with 2000 mg kg−1 dazomet. Some soil fungi survived 100 mg kg−1 dazomet, although they were mainly Trichoderma. The fungi pathogenic to ginseng were all killed at 100 mg kg−1, and showed both inter- and intra-species variation with respect to dazomet susceptibility. Among the nematodes, Aphelenchus was relatively resistant. The results suggested that susceptibility of soil organisms to dazomet differs between species, and that tolerant organisms may engage in recolonisation. In microcosm experiments, the microbial biomass and community were assessed using phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis while recolonisation of soil organisms was controlled by mesh size. The bacterial PLFA levels were changed little after fumigation, whereas the fungal PLFA levels gradually increased after fumigation. Principal analysis of the PLFA levels and the ratio of gram-negative to gram-positive bacteria showed that fumigation altered the microbial community. The number of nematodes did not recover even at 12 weeks after fumigation. The increased Collembolan numbers suggest that fumigated soil could be recolonised by specific organisms that have adapted to the conditions. In field experiments, we tested the ability of organic materials to enhance the recolonisation of fumigated soil by soil organisms. Bean powder and rice bran increased the microbial PLFA levels and nematode numbers at 6 weeks and 12 weeks after treatment, and the abundance of nematodes continued to increase 42 weeks after fumigation. The abundance of microarthropods was only slightly affected by the presence of the organic materials. We suggest that treating fumigated soils with organic materials is an effective technique to promote soil organism numbers. In addition, Trichoderma was observed to be relatively resistant to fumigation, and therefore, we propose that the fumigation effect can be improved by using a combination of resistant Trichoderma and dazomet. 相似文献
20.
攀枝花干热河谷区不同海拔高度农田土壤nirS型反硝化细菌的群落结构分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1