共查询到10条相似文献，搜索用时 234 毫秒
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We studied woodland vegetation in broad-leaved deciduous woodlands of Metema in northwestern Amhara regional state,Ethiopia to determine plant community types and species distribution patterns and their relationships with environmental variables,including altitude,pH,cation exchange capacity,electrical conductivity(EC),and moisture.We used a selective approach with a systematic sampling design.A total of 74 quadrats,each 25m × 25m at intervals of 150 200 m were sampled along the established transect lines.For herbaceous vegetation and soil data collection,five subquadrats each 1m × 1m were established at the four corners and the center of each quadrat.Three community types were identified using TWINSPAN analysis.All three community types showed high diversity(Shannon-Weiner index),the highest in community type II at 3.55.The highest similarity coefficient was 0.49(49%) between community types II and III,reflecting 0.51(51%) dissimilarity in their species richness.The canonical correspondence ordination diagram revealed that the distribution pattern of community type I was explained by moisture while that of community types III and II was explained by EC and altitude and moisture,respectively.Altitude was the most statistically significant environmental variable,followed by moisture and EC in determining the total variation in species composition and distribution patterns while pH and cation exchange capacity were non significant.In conclusion,we recommend that any intervention should take into account these three discrete community types and their environmental settings to make the intervention more successful. 相似文献
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《林业研究》2017,(4)
Castanea sativa is a valuable tree species in Hyrcanian forests, an evolutionary relict ecosystem whose communities suffer from overexploitation and fungal diseases. In the current study, three species delimitation methods were utilized with ITS regions sequencing to determine the taxonomic status of Septoria causing leaf blotch of C. sativa in Hyrcanian forests. The results indicated that the length of ITS region in the genus Septoria(extracted from Gen Bank) varied from 650 to 680 bp.There were almost three times more variable sites in ITS1 than in ITS2. The ITS2 secondary structure of Hyrcanian Septoria community had the highest similarity with Septoria castaneicola, except for some differences in helix II and III. Also, Hyrcanian samples had minimum genetic distances with S. castaneicola and maximum with Septoria quercicola. The maximum parsimony method divided the studied Septoria genus into three distinct clades, mostly located in clade I. Clade II consisted entirely of Septoria aciculosa, while clade III contained S. castaneicola as well as Hyrcanian samples. 相似文献
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中国红树林的害虫种类及其综合防治 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过查阅文献资料,共统计中国红树林害虫128种,隶属2纲7目55科,其中以鳞翅目、半翅目昆虫为主,分别占总数的52.4%和26.6%。危害无瓣海桑Sonneratia apetala、桐花树Aegiceras corniculatum、秋茄Kandelia obovata、白骨壤Avicennia marina、海桑Sonneratia caseolaris的害虫分别有45种、45种、37种、32种和20种。广东红树林害虫种类最多,共95种;广西其次,49种。鳞翅目害虫主要包括海榄雌瘤斑螟Acrobasis sp.、桐花树毛颚小卷蛾Lasiognatha cellifera Meyrick、棉古毒蛾Orgyia postica Walker、蜡彩袋蛾Chalia larminati Heylaerts、丽绿刺蛾Latoia lepida Cramer等,多以幼虫取食为害;半翅目害虫主要有考氏白盾蚧Pseudaulacaspis cockerelli(Cooley)、广翅蜡蝉Ricania sp.等,以幼虫、成虫吸食植物汁液为害。在害虫的综合防治中,以生物防治为主,如利用寄生蜂、苏云金杆菌、白僵菌、捕食性天敌和生物制剂等进行防治,结合物理防治可以提升防治效果。同时,探讨分析了红树林虫害暴发的原因和机制。 相似文献
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为研究香格里拉市高寒山区工程边坡迹地植物群落结构,以香格里拉普朗尾矿区工程边坡迹地为研究对象,研究其植物群落的物种组成、物种相似性及物种多样性。结果表明：工程迹地乔木层的优势种主要是丽江云杉,灌木层优势种以川滇高山栎为主,其次是滇西北小檗和西南蔷薇,草本层优势种以苔草、蒿等植物为主,未受破坏的自然林地植物优势种更为多元化;工程迹地1年自然恢复样地与自然群落样地物种相似性指数较小,为0.03~0.30;工程迹地多年自然恢复样地物种与自然群落样地物种相似性系数较高,最高为0.43;F1样地草本层Simpson多样性指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数均较大,但不同工程迹地之间差别较小。草本层自然恢复较快,在演替早期,草本植物中的蒿、苔草、野青茅及西南鸢尾等植物,可作为工程迹地植被恢复的先锋植物。 相似文献
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Jonathan G. Lundgren Luis Augusto Becerra López-Lavalle Soroush Parsa Kris A. G. Wyckhuys 《Journal of pest science》2014,87(1):125-131
In South America, the whitefly Aleurotrachelus socialis is one of the principal pests of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz), reaching high population levels throughout the Andean region. Management of this species is primarily based upon the use of insecticides, while biological control has received limited attention. Till present, knowledge of A. socialis natural enemies is restricted to occasional records of predators and parasitoids. In this study, we developed PCR primer sets specific for the cassava whitefly, A. socialis, to identify their predator community in Colombian cassava. Eleven percent of 586 predator specimens (representing 131 taxa from 29 families) tested positive for cassava whitefly DNA. Of the 21 predator taxa that consumed cassava whiteflies, an unidentified netwing beetle (Lycidae), an unidentified spider species (Araneae), Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), a Cereaochrysa sp. (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), and a Leucochrysa sp. (Chrysopidae) were the taxa that consumed cassava whiteflies most frequently under field conditions. Two abundant predators in the system, Delphastus sp. (Coccinellidae) and the long-legged fly, Condylostylus sp. (Diptera: Dolichopodidae), were both positive for whitefly DNA, but did not have the strongest trophic linkage to the pest relative to other predators. This study shows that a diverse predator community affects cassava whitefly in southern Colombia, and provides the groundwork for the design of cassava production systems with minimal pesticide inputs. 相似文献
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[目的]为探讨兼性互利关系在生物多样性保护方面的作用,[方法]于2015年5月和10月,采用陷阱法对云南墨江县雅邑镇4种类型样地地表蚂蚁群落进行调查。[结果]显示:(1)物种组成及多度:纯砂仁地(样地I)采集蚂蚁400头,23种;从未放养紫胶虫的紫胶-砂仁混农林样地(样地II)采集蚂蚁382头,15种;曾经放养过紫胶虫的紫胶-砂仁混农林样地(样地III)采集蚂蚁406头,18种;放养紫胶虫的紫胶-砂仁混农林样地(样地IV)采集蚂蚁655头,23种。(2)多样性:4种类型样地地表蚂蚁群落物种丰富度和相对多度存在显著差异,兼性互利关系可以提高地表蚂蚁的物种丰富度和相对多度,物种丰富度大小为IVIIIIII,相对多度排序为IIIIVIII。(3)群落结构相似性:样地III、IV和样地II、I不相似。(4)指示物种:样地I指示物种为毛发铺道蚁,样地II指示物种为卡泼林大头蚁和茸毛铺道蚁,样地III、IV中指示物种为巴瑞弓背蚁。[结论]互利关系对蚂蚁群落的物种丰富度、相对多度和群落结构具有明显的积极影响,并且这种兼性互利关系对生物多样性保护有一定的时空效应。 相似文献
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Organic farming system of winter wheat was investigated in Solvakia over three years, 1995–1997. The system was carried out
on a small scale (four plots of 50 m2). Neither pesticides nor inorganic fertilisers were applied. Effect of two treatments, ploughing and previous crop, on the
community of pests and natural enemies was surveyed. There were two types of ploughing (shallow and deep) made in autumn before
sowing. As previous crops, silage-maize and alfalfa were used each season. The effect of all factors was analysed by multivariate
method, redundancy analysis (RDA) and Monte Carlo permutation to assess statistical significance. During three years, 37 taxons
of pests and 27 taxons of natural enemies were recorded. The results of RDA showed that the community of insects (pests and
natural enemies) was mainly influenced by temporal variation. The highest abundance of all insects was observed in 1996. The
effect of the two treatments on the community of pests and natural enemies was less obvious. Pests were found to be significantly
more influenced by ploughingthan by previous crop. Most of pests occurred more abundantly on plots with shallow ploughing
and on plots after maize. Abundance of natural enemies were, however, significantly affected by previous crop. Majority of
them were more abundant on plots after maize than after alfalfa. Ploughing had only marginally significant effect on natural
enemies that were more abundant on shallow ploughed plots. Both ploughing and previous crop had only negligible effect on
species diversity of natural enemies. 相似文献
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《林业研究》2017,(1)
This study is aimed to investigate the occurrence of Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton(citrus leafminer; CLM), which has recently caused increasing damage to citrus farms in southern South Korea, and its natural enemies, which can act as biological control agents. In the present study, CLM monitoring using sex pheromone traps were conducted in the major citrus farms in the Jeju region in South Korea. Also a survey of parasites was carried out to detect the effective control agent for CLM. During the investigation from 2011 to2015, a relatively large number of adult CLM(2,386,990)were observed in the sex pheromone traps. The mean annual occurrence of CLM was 477,398, which showed an increasing trend with the increase in temperature. A survey of parasites was conducted in November 2015. Six parasites were found,of which, Quadrastichus sp. and Sympiesis sp. showed the highest rates of parasitism. The mean rate of parasitism during the survey period was 3.97 %. We discovered four new species of parasites of CLM in South Korea. 相似文献