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中间球海胆(♀)×光棘球海胆(♂)F1代的生殖腺特征 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
对中间球海胆(♀)与光棘球海胆(♂)杂交F1代的生殖腺特征进行了研究,并与母本中间球海胆进行了比较。试验结果表明,中间球海胆的生殖腺颜色一般呈橙色或橘黄色(不同发育时期有所不同),结构致密;杂交海胆中有约90%表现为橙色和橘黄色,约10%呈黄色和浅棕色,约20%的个体生殖腺结构疏松,且和发育周期及色泽无关。杂交海胆的生殖腺指数与中间球海胆的变化基本一致,并且雌雄个体差别不明显。杂交海胆在生殖腺发育的整个过程中,生殖腺指数虽然也出现周期性的变化,但组织切片观察发现杂交海胆生殖腺发育不能象母本一样有明显分期,只有个别雌性个体能产生成熟卵细胞,雄性个体未见成熟精子。 相似文献
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对中间球海胆（♀）与光棘球海胆（♂）杂交F1代的生殖腺特征进行了研究，并与母本中间球海胆进行了比较。试验结果表明，中间球海胆的生殖腺颜色一般呈橙色或橘黄色（不同发育时期有所不同），结构致密；杂交海胆中有约90％表现为橙色和橘黄色，约10％呈黄色和浅棕色，约20％的个体生殖腺结构疏松，且和发育周期及色泽无关。杂交海胆的生殖腺指数与中间球海胆的变化基本一致，并且雌雄个体差别不明显。杂交海胆在生殖腺发育的整个过程中，生殖腺指数虽然也出现周期性的变化，但组织切片观察发现杂交海胆生殖腺发育不能象母本一样有明显分期，只有个别雌性个体能产生成熟卵细胞，雄性个体未见成熟精子。 相似文献
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饵料、家系及二者交互作用对中间球海胆生长、摄食与变异的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为研究饵料、家系及二者交互作用对中间球海胆(Strongylocentrotus intermedius)生长、摄食及变异的影响,利用两种饵料—裙带菜(Undaria pinnitafida)和配合饲料,对6个中间球海胆全同胞家系进行了60 d投喂,实验结束时测量了实验海胆的终末体重(FBW)和总摄食量,并计算了体重特定生长率(SGR)、饵料系数(FCR)和体重变异系数的变化(ΔCV),利用双因素及单因素方差分析的方法,检验了饵料、家系及二者交互作用对FBW、SGR、FCR及ΔCV的影响。结果表明,饵料与家系的交互作用对FBW和ΔCV无显著影响,摄食裙带菜的海胆较摄食配合饲料的海胆在终末体重(FBW)和整齐度(ΔCV)上表现出极显著的优势(P0.01),不同家系间海胆的FBW和ΔCV也有显著差异(P0.05)。饵料与家系的交互作用对体重SGR和FCR均有极显著影响(P0.01),在各家系内,裙带菜投喂下海胆体重SGR均极显著优于配合饲料投喂(P0.01);饵料系数(FCR)均极显著高于配合饲料投喂(P0.01);对于每种饵料,不同家系间SGR也均具有显著差异(P0.05),FCR亦是如此。两种饵料下家系SGR排位基本一致,说明家系与饵料在SGR上的交互作用是由于不同饵料下家系对SGR的影响程度有差异造成的,而家系FCR排位出现了较大变化则说明FCR受到交互作用的影响是由于不同饵料对不同家系的投喂效果不同造成的。本研究结果表明,家系选择可用于对中间球海胆生长、饵料系数和整齐度的遗传改良,饵料对这些性状的表现有显著的影响,对饵料系数进行家系选育时应注意家系与饵料的交互作用问题。 相似文献
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大连紫海胆食性的初步探讨 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4
大连紫海胆成体在自然海区摄食的饵料,包括多种大型海藻类、底栖硅藻类、某些小型贝类及有机碎屑等,其中以海带、石莼等海藻类为主。调查与试验结果还表明,成海胆摄食的饵料与其生活水域的饵料生物种类有关。当饵料生物丰富时,成海胆对饵料的摄食有一定的选择性。对绿藻,红藻、褐藻这三大类海藻,其选择率的大小依次为褐藻、红藻、绿藻。褐藻中以对裙带菜、海带等最为嗜食;红藻中嗜食角叉藻、石花菜;绿藻中嗜食石莼、浒苔等。对于某些动物性饵料,如鱼和贝类的碎肉等,成海胆也有良好的摄食习性。因而,成海胆的食性应属杂食性。 相似文献
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为了研究杂交鳜摄食非鲜活饵料鱼的生长情况,分别用冰冻饵料鱼和配合饲料饲喂杂交鳜10周,并以鲜活饵料鱼作对照,比较不同饲料对杂交鳜生长、成活率及体成分的影响。试验结果:鲜活饵料鱼组的杂交鳜生长最快,显著高于配合饲料组(P0.05),但与冰冻饵料鱼组之间无显著差异(P0.05)。杂交鳜的成活率在各处理组之间无显著性差异(P0.05)。配合饲料组杂交鳜的脂肪含量显著低于鲜活饵料鱼组和冰冻饵料鱼组,而蛋白质含量则显著高于鲜活饵料鱼组和冰冻饵料鱼组(P0.05)。冰冻饵料鱼组杂交鳜的蛋白质含量显著低于鲜活饵料鱼组(P0.05),但脂肪含量则高于鲜活饵料鱼组。试验结果表明,可用冰冻饵料鱼替代鲜活饵料鱼来饲喂杂交鳜,从而在一定程度上减少杂交鳜对鲜活饵料鱼的依赖。摄食配合饲料的杂交鳜虽然生长速度较慢,但其体成分中蛋白质含量相对较高,脂肪含量相对较低,鱼肉品质得到提高。 相似文献
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温度和藻类饵料对虾夷马粪海胆摄食及生长的影响 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
对虾夷马粪海胆石在１０．０－２５．０℃水温下单独投喂海带,裙带菜、石莼及１５．４－１７．８℃混合投喂海带、裙带菜、石莼、铜藻、角叉菜的不同组合和２１．６－２７．４℃饥饿状态下的摄食、生长及成活进行了试验研究。海胆体重与壳直径的关系为Ｇ＝０．４３１３２Ｄ＾２．９９５８。海胆对海带、裙采、石莼的日摄食率依次降低且随水温变化而异。１．０－３．６ｃｍ的纪海胆在１０．０－２５．０℃下摄食上述海藻均可保持较快 相似文献
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ABSTRACT: The present study reports the annual variation in consumption of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius by avian predators on a rocky shore where the culture of sea urchins has been conducted. Carrion crow and a few gull species were the most abundant avian predators and consumed a large number of sea urchins. Crows consumed mostly natural sea urchins, approximately 36 kg ww/ha per year on the intertidal rocky bench, but the gull species consumed mostly cultured sea urchins, approximately 100 kg ww/ha per year in the culture area. The seasonal variation in the amount of sea urchins consumed by crows was higher than that by the gull species, presumably because of the difference in foraging behavior in association with the seasonal tidal cycle. The natural sea urchins consumed are an allochthonous input from the subtidal to the intertidal habitat, and thus, crow predation may not affect the natural and the cultured populations of the sea urchin. The gull species consumed much of the cultured sea urchin, and thus, may be regarded as an effective predator causing damage to sea urchin culture. The results suggest that further studies are needed to determine why the gull species selectively feed on cultured sea urchins. 相似文献
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Effect of Lipid Source and Concentration on Somatic Growth of Juvenile Green Sea Urchins, Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Edward J. Kennedy Shawn M. C. Robinson G. Jay Parsons John D. Castell 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2007,38(3):335-352
Supplying juvenile sea urchins with an abundant supply of resources and essential nutrients for growth will facilitate somatic growth and, hence, improve the success of the sea urchin aquaculture industry. Lipids are essential in physical processes such as membrane production and are a concentrated source of energy. This study, using prepared diets, tested the effects of lipid sources containing different major fatty acids (i.e., n‐3 and/or n‐6) (Part 1) and lipid concentration (i.e., 1, 3, 7, and 10%) (Part 2) on the somatic (i.e., test or shell) growth of two size cohorts (7.0‐ and 15.3‐mm average initial test diameter [TD]) of juvenile green sea urchins, Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis. The growth of the sea urchins fed prepared diets was compared to the growth of sea urchins fed a kelp reference diet, Laminaria longicruris. After both feeding trials, the kelp‐fed sea urchins had superior test growth and were more similar in physical appearance to wild sea urchins (i.e., test color, spine length, and gonad color). The sea urchins fed the prepared diets had pale test color, short, stubby spines, and large, pale‐colored gonads compared to wild sea urchins. The smaller cohort of sea urchins grew at a faster rate, but growth patterns for both cohorts were similar. The juveniles fed the prepared diets (in both feeding trials) had high initial growth rates that decreased after approximately 100 d compared to the kelp‐fed juveniles. Differences in test growth were not shown to be affected by sea urchin size (i.e., similar results for both cohorts) or by differences in dietary lipid sources (i.e., the presence of n‐3 and/or n‐6 fatty acids). However, the sea urchins fed diets with lower lipid concentration (≤3%) had larger average TDs than those fed diets with higher lipid concentrations (≥7%). Differences in test growth and physical appearance among those fed the prepared diets and kelp may have been because of nutritional deficiencies in the prepared diets. 相似文献
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虾夷马粪海胆不同家系和性别间性腺性状的比较 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3
对来自虾夷马粪海胆20个家系的600枚海胆的性腺湿重、指数、颜色、水分和脂肪酸组成进行了测量和分析,结果显示性腺湿重和性腺指数在家系间均有极显著差异,但在性别间差异不显著,两个性腺产量性状在整个群体内均具有较大的变异;虾夷马粪海胆性腺颜色介于黄色和橙红色之间,且色泽鲜艳,经CIEL*a*b*标准量化和方差分析,L*和a*在家系间无显著差异,但b*、亮黄色差(ΔE1)和亮橙黄色差(ΔE2)在家系间均具有极显著差异,在性别间,雌性海胆的L*、a*和b*值以及两个色差均极显著优于雄性;性腺水分在家系和性别间有极显著和显著差异;性腺总脂中含有较高的EPA(12.11±2.65)%和AA(10.27±3.40)%,而DHA含量较低(0.49±0.64)%,但其在群体内变异极大(130.77%),高不饱和脂肪酸在家系间具有极显著差异,而在性别间仅AA有显著差异(雄性较高)。研究结果表明,对性腺产量和品质进行家系或性别选择均可达到提升性腺产量和品质的目的。 相似文献
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Anna M. Taylor Mickie L. Powell Stephen A. Watts Addison L. Lawrence 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2009,40(6):780-787
In adult sea urchins, formulated feeds can support both weight gain and gonad production; however, studies demonstrating the effects of formulated feeds on juvenile sea urchin growth are limited. In this study, juvenile sea urchins (test diameter: 3.20–7.33 mm, N = 12 per treatment) were reared individually in artificial seawater and fed with one of four experimental feeds: (1) mixed‐taxa algal biofilm (MTAB), (2) freeze‐dried MTAB, (3) a commercial, small‐mammal feed (Friskies® cat treats), or (4) a semipurified feed formulated for sea urchins. The MTAB and sea urchin feed supported weight gain and survival throughout the study; however, those individuals fed with the sea urchin feed exhibited a short lag period at the onset of feeding. This short lag period may be, in part, because of an initial lack of attraction of the urchins to the formulated feed. Furthermore, we hypothesize that gut physiology or gut flora must acclimatize to a new diet (all sea urchins were reared initially on the MTAB diet). The freeze‐dried MTAB and mammal feed did not support substantial weight gain. This study suggests that sea urchin juveniles as small as 3–4 mm can utilize formulated feeds for growth. 相似文献
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Karen E. Jensen J. Christopher Taylor Robert J. Barry Louis R. D'Abramo D. Allen Davis Stephen A. Watts 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2019,50(3):614-621
Sea urchins produce high‐energy, membrane‐bound fecal pellets that contain residual nutrients and large quantities of microbiota. These egesta are readily consumed by the shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Egesta of the sea urchin, Lytechinus variegatus, were evaluated as a feed supplement or total replacement for a commercial shrimp diet. Shrimp were stocked at 0.49 g ± 0.06 g initial body weight and housed individually in 2.8‐L tanks in a commercial recirculating zebrafish system. Shrimp were assigned to one of six diets: commercial shrimp feed, reference sea urchin feed, collected dried sea urchin egesta, collected wet sea urchin egesta, half ration of shrimp feed and half collected wet sea urchin egesta, and egesta naturally produced by two sea urchins in polyculture. Equivalent dry matter amounts of each diet were proffered to shrimp in each treatment twice daily, except for those that had complete access to natural egesta excreted by sea urchins in polyculture. Sea urchins were proffered a reference sea urchin feed at 2% body weight daily. After 27 days, shrimp proffered collected dried or wet egesta did not differ significantly in percent weight gain and showed the lowest weight gain. The percent weight gain of shrimp fed the commercial shrimp diet did not differ significantly from that of the shrimp fed half commercial shrimp diet and half egesta. The highest weight gain was recorded for those shrimp that consumed the untouched egesta produced by sea urchins in polyculture. These data suggest that consumed egesta have noteworthy nutritional value and therefore would be beneficial to the culture of extractive species in an integrated multitrophic aquaculture system. 相似文献
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Yuya Umezu Toshihiro Onitsuka Tomohiko Kawamura Yoshiro Watanabe 《Fisheries Science》2017,83(2):221-233
To examine the feeding ecology of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius, two types of macroalgal diet (kelp Saccharina longissima and red alga Ptilota filicina) and four types of benthic animal diet [barnacle Balanus glandula, limpet Lottia cassis, free-living Perinereis aibuhitensis and P. aibuhitensis attached to a stainless steel wire (wired polychaete)], were separately or simultaneously provided for urchins of 5- to 60-mm test diameter (TD). Sea urchins of even 3-mm TD could graze the kelp, and began to graze the red alga, the wired polychaete and limpet by 5-mm TD, the barnacle by 8-mm TD and the free-living polychaete by 15-mm TD, respectively. These results suggest that the variety of macroalgae and benthic animals which the urchin can graze increases with the ontogeny of their feeding organs, motility and ability to catch animals. Both juvenile and adult sea urchins preferred to eat the polychaete as well as the kelp fronds. Feed conversion efficiency and daily growth rate of the small sea urchins fed benthic animals like the polychaete were higher than those fed macroalgae. The sea urchins are likely to grow better when feeding on animals than on macroalgae, even in habitats where they can access adequate quantities of kelp. 相似文献
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Abigail J. Onomu Niall G. Vine Mark D. Cyrus Brett M. Macey John J. Bolton 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(10):4087-4102
This gonad enhancement study investigates the effect of different fresh and formulated feeds and feeding regimes on the growth and gonad quality of wild‐collected adult sea urchin, Tripneustes gratilla, under farm conditions for over 18 weeks. In the first 12 weeks (phase 1), urchins were fed fresh Ulva rigida (U); a 50:50 mixture of fresh U. rigida and Gracilaria gracilis (UG); fresh G. gracilis (G) and a formulated diet 20U (containing 20% U. rigida), and in the final 6 weeks (phase 2) of the study, diet was changed to a formulated feed (20U diet). By the end of phase 1, urchins fed the 20U diet produced gonads (50.72 ± 5.4 g) that were significantly heavier (p < .001) than the gonads of urchins fed the fresh seaweed diets (U, UG & G). By the end of phase 2, gonad weight of urchins in treatment groups UG‐20U and G‐20U were similar to those fed the 20U‐20U diet. Gonad colour of urchins in the G‐20U treatment became significantly lighter (ANOVA, p = .029) and poorer quality, compared with urchins in the U‐20U group. This gonad enhancement study, conducted on wild‐collected adult T. gratilla, has shown that a formulated feed (20U diet) can enhance gonad growth and produce commercially acceptable gonads. This farm‐based study supports previous findings from aquarium‐based studies by our group and indicates that short‐term sea urchin gonad enhancement can be carried out under farm conditions in South Africa. 相似文献
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Sten Ivar Siikavuopio Philip James Atle Mortensen Tor Andreas Samuelsen Trine Dale 《Aquaculture Research》2012,43(10):1515-1519
Groups of juvenile green sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis (average wet weight = 3.3 g), were fed five different dry feed rations (0.2%, 0.4%, 0.8%, 1.2% and 2.4% of their body weight per week) under constant light and temperature conditions for 160 days (Experiment I) in groups to examine growth effects, and for 40 days as individual treatments (Experiment II) to examine feeding efficiency. There was 100% survival of the sea urchins during both experiments. In Experiment I, the lowest ration group (0.2%) had significantly lower growth than the rest of the groups. There was no significant differences in growth between the sea urchin fed ration over 0.4% dry feed of the body wet weight per week. In Experiment II, the lowest feed ration groups (0.2%) had significant lowest growth but had the best feed conversion ratio (FCR), using 0.5 g of feed of dry feed per gram of sea urchin wet weight body growth. The FCR increased with increasing feed ration and the 2.4% group had the poorest FCR, using 1.3 g of feed per gram weight gain. Results from Experiments I and II illustrate that juvenile green sea urchin can grow at a restricted feed ration that is under maximum feed intake, without reduction in growth. 相似文献
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四种海胆杂交的可行性及子代的早期发育 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
报道了中国北部沿海马粪海胆、海刺猬、光棘球海胆三种主要海胆与引自日本的中间球海胆四种海胆之间的不同组合的杂交试验及其子代浮游幼体及幼海胆的早期生长发育.结果表明,采用生殖调控可使不同海胆达到同步繁殖,在8～24℃下各种海胆杂交组合的受精率与亲本亲缘关系有关,同时受到双亲繁殖适宜温度的影响,受精率介于0～69.6%之间,均低于自交组.以马粪海胆和海刺猬为亲本的正反交、以马粪海胆和中间球海胆为亲本的正反交以及马粪海胆()×光棘球海胆()各组杂交胚胎均可发育至四腕幼虫,但畸形率较高,浮游时间比自交组延长3～10d,在其中的3个杂交组得到了幼海胆,经过14个月的室内培育,杂交组成活率低于自交组,壳直径达2.59～2.88cin. 相似文献