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3种棕榈藤藤材变色的研究 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：7
棕榈藤(rattan)是热带和亚热带森林中多用途植物,是仅次于木材和竹材的林产品,具有很高的经济价值(许煌灿等,1993;1999)。自古以来,藤主要用来制作家具,在我国藤家具制造业已有100多年的发展历史。藤家具美观、轻便、耐用,深受人们喜爱,产品畅销国内外。但是,藤材的变色影响了藤条的质量和等级,进而影响商品的外观,左右商品的价值。变色原因有多种,生物的(如微生物繁殖)、化学的(如金属离子、酸碱作用)及物理的(如光和热)等(村神哉等,1979;陆文达,1993;村神哉,2002)。藤材变色有霉菌引起的霉变色,还有因藤材及其制品长时间暴露而导致颜… 相似文献
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实心瓜多竹(Guadua amplexifolia)隶属于瓜多竹属(Guadua),丛生,是南美洲主要栽培竹种之一,广泛分布于哥伦比亚、厄瓜多尔、巴西、阿根廷等国,竹材基部实心,高25m,径15cm左右,是较好的建筑用原料,耐短期零度低温,适应我国热带、南亚热带或中亚热带与南亚热带过渡区的气候条件(邹跃 相似文献
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西双版纳是我国大陆仅有的一块面积较大的热带资源宝地,保护和合理开发利用这块宝地的资源是当务之急,刻不容缓。现提出一些看法供商榷。一、保护西双版纳的热带森林是一项战略措施我国热带、南亚热带的面积约48万平方公里,西双版纳的面积为1.9万平方公里,占 相似文献
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白藤(Calamus tetradactylus Burret),棕榈科丛生攀援藤本植物,它是我国热带、南亚热带森林中主要伴生藤本、林业生产的主要付产品。白藤品质优良、经济价值高,是我国主要商品藤之一;它具有速生、萌蘖强和适生性较强的特性,为目前推广人工栽培的 相似文献
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3种华南商用藤材的解剖特性 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
藤材的解剖结构与藤材性能及其加工利用密切相关.研究藤材的基本解剖特性,对于藤材的归类、开发利用和加工改性等具有重要的指导作用.藤材的商业化取决于以下因素:可及性、直径、节间长度、颜色以及加工特性,这些都基于藤材的基本特性,主要是解剖构造(Walter,1996).商业藤材一般具有以下特征(Walter,1996):1)藤茎的维管束分布均衡,在横截面上,纤维占20%～25%,输导细胞占15%,基本薄壁细胞占30%～35%;2)纤维帽尺寸相等,纤维长度一致,多层结构细胞壁;3)基本薄壁组织细胞小而且壁厚多层.维管束分布密度及纤维成分与输导成分的比例,纹孔、导管孔径的大小,对藤茎的坚韧程度影响都很大,纤维含量可作为藤茎坚硬度的指标,至于韧性还得考虑到纤维细胞的数量与输导组织成分的比例状况,特别是大型导管孔径的大小等,这些都是选择优良品种的主要依据(腰希申等,1998). 相似文献
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Shrinkage of green cane (Arundo donax L.) was measured during air-drying at room temperature. The cane began to shrink at 150% moisture content due to a remarkable collapse of parenchyma cells. The collapse recovered after boiling in water, but more serious collapse (recollapse) was induced by the following drying. On the other hand, the collapse recovered almost completely after steaming with saturated water vapor at 92°–96°C without recollapse. By comparing the thickness of cane specimens before and after steaming, the degree of cell collapse remaining in dry cane was evaluated. When the green cane was frozen prior to drying, the degree of collapse was reduced whereas the drying rate remained unchanged. The effect of prefreezing was interpreted as the generation of air bubbles in the cell lumen which hinder the effective loading of liquid tension on the cell wall. Even when the cane was carefully dried using a conventional method used by reed manufacturers, the degree of collapse was very large and it increased with elevating internode position. 相似文献
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为构建棕榈藤材材性数据库,提升棕榈藤材高附加值加工利用水平,文章以高地钩叶藤为研究对象,对其主要化学成分含量进行测定和分析。结果表明,高地钩叶藤材综纤维素、酸不溶木质素、α-纤维素、半纤维素、苯-醇抽提物、热水抽提物、冷水抽提物、1%NaOH抽提物及灰分含量的均值分别为67.98%、16.72%、43.91%、24.38%、9.78%、18.85%、15.02%、38.60%和1.46%。径向上,综纤维素、α-纤维素、酸不溶木质素及灰分含量均为藤皮>藤中>藤芯;而半纤维素、冷水抽提物、热水抽提物、苯-醇抽提物及1%NaOH抽提物含量均为藤芯>藤中>藤皮。轴向上,综纤维素、α-纤维素、酸不溶木质素及灰分含量最大值均在中部,而半纤维素及4种抽提物含量最大值均在梢部。酸不溶木质素和α-纤维素含量最小值在梢部,综纤维素、半纤维素及灰分含量最小值在基部,冷水抽提物、苯-醇抽提物及1%NaOH抽提物含量最小值均出现在基部以上2 m处,而热水抽提物含量最小值在中部。 相似文献
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木、竹、藤材的变色防治 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
对木材变色的机理、类型、成分和影响因素, 木材变色的预防和消除以及生物防治等研究的最新成果进行了概括总结, 综合论述了木材、竹材和藤材的变色防治研究现状, 得出以下几点结论:(1)低毒或无毒、高效、多功能的防变色剂的研制开发仍是木材工业变色防治研究的重要研究方向。(2)开展色变脱除, 恢复已变色材原有颜色和价值方面的研究很有必要。(3)以菌治菌的生物防治, 污染小, 成本低, 应加强其理论研究和实践应用。(4)通过热处理或光辐射等手段, 诱导木、竹、藤材变色, 进行调色处理, 将成为新的研究方向。(5)与木材相比, 竹材、藤材变色的研究落后, 尤其是藤材变色, 应得到进一步加强。 相似文献
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The development of biological control measures to reduce the impact of invasive species is a desired goal. Rhabdias species have recently been advocated as biological control agents for invasive anurans. This study describes a field-based approach to support laboratory results on the potential impact of the lung nematode Rhabdias pseudosphaerocephala on the prey consumption of its host, the invasive cane toad (Rhinella marina, Bufonidae). Toads were sampled from various populations in the Wet Tropics of Australia during the wet seasons of 2010 and 2012. Consumed prey items were counted in 212 cane toads and identified to class and order levels and the number of lung nematodes was counted for each toad. The number of R. pseudosphaerocephala in free-ranging cane toads affected negatively the diversity of prey items consumed, but was not related to the number of prey items or the number of ants consumed. The results suggest that infection of free-ranging cane toads by the lung nematode reduces their range of prey items. Possible reasons could be a reduced locomotor activity resulting in changes of foraging modes of infected toads which was reported from some laboratory trials. Infection of cane toads by R. pseudosphaerocephala may therefore have the potential to alter the impact of cane toads on invertebrate communities and their competition for food resources with native Australian anurans. 相似文献
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木本切花植物极美泰洛泊的组织培养研究 总被引：3，自引：5，他引：3
以木本切花植物极美泰洛泊在无菌条件下发芽所得的幼芽为外植体,采用正交设计试验,研究了不同水平的6-BA、NAA外源激素,蔗糖、抗坏血酸对极美泰洛泊幼芽丛芽的增殖效果。试验结果表明为在1/2 MS基本培养基上 6-BA0.5 mg/L NAA0.1 mg/L 蔗糖30 g/L 抗坏血酸15 mg/L,其极美泰洛泊的丛芽增殖数达6.7个。而经极差分析,得出用于该木本切花植物幼芽最佳丛芽增殖培养基的配方为1/2 MS 6-BA0.5 mg/L NAA0.01 mg/L 蔗糖30 g/L 抗坏血酸15 mg/L。 相似文献
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Nutrient Attenuation in Agricultural Surface Runoff by Riparian Buffer Zones in Southern Illinois,USA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Nutrients in overland flow from agricultural areas are a common cause of stream and lake water quality impairment. One method
of reducing excess nutrient runoff from non-point sources is to restore or enhance existing riparian areas as vegetative buffers.
A field scale study was conducted to assess the ability of remnant giant cane (Arundinaria gigantea (Walt.) Muhl.) and forest
riparian buffer zones to attenuate nutrients in agricultural surface runoff from natural precipitation events. Two adjacent,
10.0 m wide riparian buffers were instrumented with 16 overland flow collectors to monitor surface runoff for nitrate, ammonium,
and orthophosphate. Measurements were taken at 3.3 m increments within each buffer. The forest buffer significantly reduced
incoming dissolved nitrate-N, dissolved ammonium-N, total ammonium-N, and total orthophosphate masses in surface runoff by
97, 74, 68, and 78 , respectively within the 10.0 m riparian buffer. Nutrient reductions within the cane buffer were 100 for
all three nutrients due to relatively high infiltration rates. Significant reductions of total ammonium- N and total orthophosphate
were detected by 3.3 m in the cane buffer and at 6.6 m in the forest buffer. Results suggest that both giant cane and forest
vegetation are good candidates to incorporate into riparian buffer restoration designs for southern Illinois as well as in
other regions within their native range with similar climatic and physiographic conditions. 相似文献