共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 93 毫秒
1.
华西雨屏区慈竹林凋落叶分解过程养分释放对模拟氮沉降的响应 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
通过原位试验,研究华西雨屏区慈竹林凋落叶养分释放对模拟氮沉降的响应.试验设4个施氮水平:对照(CK,0 kg·hm-2a-1)、低氮(LN,50 kg.hm-2a-1)、中氮(MN,150 kg·hm～a11)和高氮(HN,300 kg·hm-2a-1).结果表明:1)在凋落叶分解过程中,C,P和Mg元素含量总体上呈下降趋势,N元素表现为下降-上升-下降,K元素则为上升-下降-上升,ca元素先升后降.各处理C,P,Ca和Mg元素都表现为直接释放,K元素为富集-释放,而N元素CK呈现淋溶-富集-释放,LN,MN和HN却为直接释放.2)氮沉降可促进凋落叶C,N,P,K,Ca,Mg元素的释放,其中MN促进作用最强;氮沉降对N元素的影响程度最大,LN,MN和HN周转期分别比CK(2.835 a)缩短0.090,0.816和0.709 a.3)分解过程中各处理C/N变化趋势为先升高后降低;总体上,分解前2个月N沉降可降低凋落叶C/N值,而2个月后提高其C/N值. 相似文献
2.
[目的]研究氮沉降背景下凋落叶分解过程中钾(K)、钙(Ca)、镁(Mg)元素的释放动态,揭示森林生态系统在氮沉降持续增加背景下养分元素的循环过程。[方法]在华西雨屏区天然常绿阔叶林中设置对照(CK)、低氮(L)、中氮(M)和高氮沉降(H)4个处理,以NH4NO3为氮源,采用尼龙网袋法对凋落叶进行模拟氮沉降分解试验,研究了凋落叶分解过程中K、Ca、Mg元素浓度及残留率,探讨氮沉降对凋落叶分解过程中养分释放的影响。[结果]经过1年的分解,模拟氮沉降显著抑制了凋落叶分解过程中K元素浓度的下降,显著促进了Ca元素浓度的下降,对Mg元素浓度无显著影响。在各处理中,K元素呈净释放模式,Ca元素表现为释放-富集的交替模式,Mg元素呈富集-释放模式,模拟氮沉降未改变凋落叶分解中K、Ca、Mg元素的释放模式。分解1年后,L、M和H处理的K元素残留率分别比CK高3.91%、10.27%和13.91%,模拟氮沉降显著抑制了凋落叶分解过程中K元素的释放;L、M和H处理的Ca元素残留率分别比CK低6.39%、6.51%和15.93%,模拟氮沉降显著促进了凋落叶分解过程中Ca元素的释放;L、M和H处理的Mg元素残留率与CK差异不显著,模拟氮沉降对凋落叶分解过程中Mg元素的释放无显著影响。[结论]模拟氮沉降未改变凋落叶分解过程中K、Ca、Mg元素的释放模式,但对凋落叶分解过程中K、Ca、Mg元素的释放速率产生了不同的影响。 相似文献
3.
华西雨屏区巨桉中龄林土壤呼吸对模拟氮沉降的响应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2009年3月至2009年11月,对华西雨屏区巨桉中龄林进行了模拟氮沉降试验,氮沉降水平分别为对照(0kg N.hm-2.a-1)、低氮(50 kg N.hm-2.a-1)、中氮(150 kgN.hm-2.a-1)和高氮(300 kgN.hm-2.a-1)。每月下旬,采用红外CO2分析法测定土壤呼吸速率,并定量地对各处理施氮(NH4NO3)。结果表明:各处理土壤呼吸速率最大值均出现在7月份,最小值出现在5月份;巨桉林土壤呼吸速率12 h平均值均表现为对照低氮中氮高氮;各处理土壤呼吸速率与10 cm土壤温度呈极显著指数正相关关系;利用温度单因素模型可以解释土壤呼吸速率的大部分;模拟氮沉降使得巨桉中龄林土壤呼吸Q10值增大,表明氮沉降增强了巨桉中龄林土壤呼吸的温度敏感性。 相似文献
4.
[目的]毛竹(Phyllostachys edulis)叶片分解与竹林碳循环和养分周转关系密切,通过室内模拟氮沉降和温度升高试验,为预测未来气候变暖和氮沉降条件对凋落竹叶分解的调控提供参考,为科学管理毛竹林提供科学依据。[方法]以毛竹原状叶片及粉状叶片(粉碎过2 mm)为研究对象,布设3因素2水平试验,即施氮(添加氮5 mg·g-1)和不加氮对照,12℃和28℃培养温度,原状和粉状叶片,恒温箱中培养78 d,采用密闭碱液吸收法定期测定CO2释放量,并计算分解速率。[结果]表明:施氮处理、培养温度和叶片形态及其交互作用对凋落竹叶分解速率的影响因培养阶段不同而存在差异,总体上表现为培养前期(0—23 d)和培养中期(24—48 d)的分解速率高于培养后期(49—78 d)。从均值来看,施氮处理抑制原状叶片在12℃培养下的分解速率,而对两种形态叶片在28℃培养条件的分解速率影响不显著;施氮处理可增加原状凋落竹叶分解速率的温度敏感性(Q10),但对粉状凋落竹叶分解速率的Q10值影响不显著,且原状凋落竹叶分解速率的Q10值高于粉状凋落叶。凋落竹叶C/N在培养后期显著升高,且氮添加显著促进粉状竹叶C/N增加。[结论]氮沉降对毛竹凋落叶分解的影响效应与培养温度和叶片形态有关。凋落物分解的影响因素众多,凋落物分解对全球环境变化的响应不仅应该深入研究其化学和生物学机制,还要关注物理过程及其调控潜能。 相似文献
5.
《中南林业科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2019,(12)
为了阐明氮添加对亚热带森林凋落物分解的影响,运用凋落物网袋分解法,在湖南省森林植物园内以马尾松人工林为研究对象进行氮添加实验,研究CK (0 g N·m-2·yr-1)、LN (5 g N·m-2·yr-1)、MN (15 g N·m-2·yr-1)和HN (30 g N·m-2·yr-1)4个氮添加水平对马尾松林凋落物分解过程的影响。结果表明:1)一年的分解时间内,凋落物干质量的损失率在29%～52%之间,并且凋落枝比凋落叶分解更快;2)分解12个月后,CK、LN、MN、HN处理马尾松凋落枝的残留率均在60%以下,并且LN、MN和HN处理的干质量残留率分别是对照处理(CK)的1.07、1.10和1.13倍;3)分解12个月后,CK、LN、MN、HN处理马尾松凋落叶的残留率均在60%以上,并且对照处理(CK)的凋落叶干质量残留率是LN、MN和HN处理的1.02倍;4)氮添加促进了凋落枝中的C元素和凋落叶中N元素的释放,并且随着氮浓度的增加促进作用有所增强,而对K、Ca、Mg元素含量的影响不显著。氮添加对凋落枝的分解有一定的抑制作用,随着氮浓度的升高,抑制作用也随之增强,而对凋落物叶的分解有一定的促进作用。总体而言,氮添加对马尾松凋落物枝和叶的分解有不同的影响且与凋落物的初始元素含量有关。 相似文献
6.
[目的]探讨南亚热带西南桦和尾巨桉人工纯林的凋落叶分解动态及其与土壤化学性质之间的相关关系.[方法]采用原位分解袋法研究凋落叶的分解过程.[结果]表明:西南桦、尾巨桉人工林凋落叶分解系数分别为0.96 a-1和0.88 a-1.在为期12个月的分解试验中,2种凋落叶有机C含量在整个分解过程中呈逐渐下降趋势;全K含量和C/N比在分解前期迅速下降,之后趋于平缓;全N含量和全P含量在整个分解过程中呈逐渐上升趋势;2种凋落叶N/P比则呈先升高后下降的趋势.无论是分解前期还是分解后期,凋落叶质量损失与N含量均呈显著正相关(前期R=0.877;后期R=0.855),与C/N均呈显著负相关(前期R=-0.735;后期R=-0.697).与尾巨桉林地土壤性质相比,西南桦凋落叶分解提高了林地0~10、10~20 cm土壤的有机C、全N、全P、全K、N/P,对2030 cm土壤有机C、全K、pH值、C/N、N/P则未产生显著影响.相关分析表明:凋落叶初始有机C含量与土壤有机C、全N、全P、全K、N/P显著相关;凋落叶初始全N含量与土壤全N、pH值、C/N显著相关.[结论]凋落叶的养分含量与土壤养分的关系紧密;与尾巨桉相比,西南桦凋落叶的养分含量明显较高,分解速率更快,释放到土壤中的养分也更多. 相似文献
7.
巨桉人工林凋落物数量、养分归还量及分解动态 总被引：24，自引：3，他引：24
研究四川洪雅县4种不同密度下巨桉人工林的凋落物量、养分归还量及分解动态.结果表明:巨桉人工林凋落物产量随密度增大而递增;4个巨桉人工林年凋落规律相似,5月是全年凋落物产量的高峰期,1月凋落量最低;4个巨桉人工林凋落物大量元素年归还总量分别为95.32、86.90、67.72和66.37 kg·hm-2,且N＞K＞Ca＞Mg＞P,叶是养分归还的主要组分,春夏两季叶养分归还量最大;枝、叶的平均年失重分别为18.2%和36.1%,分解系数分别为0.176～0.214和0.383～0.445,半衰期分别为3～4年和1～2年,周转期分别为14～17年和6～8年.5种元素释放率大小顺序为Mg＞Ca＞K＞N＞P,养分归还1年后,P出现富集,N先富集后释放,大部分K、Ca、Mg被释放. 相似文献
8.
为了解桢楠(Phoebe zhennan)幼苗的生长对模拟氮沉降的响应,以1年生桢楠幼苗为材料,设置5个氮水平CK(0)、N1(5.7 g·m-2·a-1)、N2(11.4 g·m-2·a-1)、N3(19.0 g·m-2·a-1)和N4(38.0 g·m-2·a-1),对不同施氮水平下幼苗的株高、地径、生物量和根系指标进行研究。结果表明,不同施氮处理均促进了株高、地径和叶面积的增长,株高增长率、地径增长率和叶面积均以N3处理最高,分别为CK的3.93、1.51和1.33倍;不同施氮处理均提高了幼苗的生物量,各施氮处理下整株鲜重分别较CK提高了22.15%、31.53%、96.45%和45.82%,以N3处理最高;随着施氮量的增加,幼苗的总根长、根直径、根表面积、根体积和根尖数均先升高后降低;隶属函数分析结果显示N3处理的桢楠幼苗质量最佳,说明适度氮沉降能促进幼苗生长,但更高水平的氮沉降可能会产生一定抑制作用。 相似文献
9.
[目的]探索亚热带常绿阔叶凋落叶分解过程中木质素降解对氮、硫沉降的响应。[方法]采用氮、硫双因素3水平试验设计方法,设置对照(CK)、低氮(LN, 50 kg·hm~(-2)·a~(-1))、高氮(HN, 150 kg·hm~(-2)·a~(-1))、低硫(LS, 200 kg·hm~(-2)·a~(-1))、高硫(HS, 400 kg·hm~(-2)·a~(-1))、低氮低硫(LNLS)、高氮低硫(HNLS)、低氮高硫(LNHS)和高氮高硫(HNHS)9个处理,分析氮、硫沉降对华西雨屏区常绿阔叶林凋落叶分解过程中木质素降解的影响。[结果]模拟氮、硫沉降1年时间,LN、LNLS和HNLS对木质素残留率、多酚氧化酶和过氧化氢酶活性的影响不显著;LS显著降低了木质素残留率,显著增加了凋落叶C/N、纤维素损失率、多酚氧化酶和过氧化物酶活性;HN、HS、LNHS和HNHS显著增加了木质素残留率,显著降低了凋落叶C/N、纤维素损失率、多酚氧化酶和过氧化物酶活性;氮沉降和硫沉降对木质素降解的交互作用显著。[结论]不同氮、硫沉降水平对华西雨屏区常绿阔叶林凋落叶分解过程中木质素降解及相关酶的影响不同,在氮、硫沉降量持续增加的背景下,氮、硫沉降相互作用,共同影响凋落叶分解过程中木质素的降解,进而影响凋落叶分解过程。 相似文献
10.
[目的]探讨竹林与其林下植被凋落物叶之间相互影响的潜在机制,为合理经营管理毛竹林林下植被提供理论参考。[方法]采用原位分解袋法研究了四川长宁毛竹与林下植被芒箕凋落物叶分解和养分释放过程。[结果](1)芒箕凋落物叶初始C、N、P含量和羟基碳高于毛竹(P 0. 05),而C∶N、C∶P、烷基碳、氧烷基碳和芳香碳低于毛竹(P 0. 05)。(2)凋落物叶分解和养分释放速率芒箕整体高于毛竹,芒箕和毛竹分解常数(k)分别为0. 58±0. 03和0. 73±0. 02,C、N、P养分释放均表现为净释放。(3)凋落物叶混合对分解速率没有显著影响,但抑制了N、P元素整个分解周期和C元素中后期的释放。(4)凋落物叶分解过程中元素含量变化格局表现为C含量和C∶N比整体呈下降趋势,N含量和N∶P比有小幅上升,P含量有微弱的下降趋势,C∶P比呈波动性变化。(5)凋落物叶分解速率与土壤温度、初始凋落物叶N和P含量呈显著正相关(P 0. 01),与初始凋落物叶的C∶N和C∶P呈极显著负相关(P 0. 01),与土壤含水量相关不显著。[结论]单独分解过程中,毛竹凋落物叶分解速率低于林下植被芒箕,养分释放特征均表现为直接释放;混合分解过程中,毛竹和芒箕凋落物叶分解速率无显著混和效应,但养分释放的混合效应表现出一定负效应和不同阶段性。 相似文献
11.
Kebin Zhang Rui Li Yunfang Liu Baitian Wang Xiaohui Yang Ruiping Hou 《Frontiers of Forestry in China》2008,3(3):326-333
The spatial distribution characteristics of plant communities in a wetland-dry grassland ecosystem in arid and semi-arid regions
in northwestern China and the main factors affecting the distribution pattern were studied. The Siertan wetland in the Haba
Lake Nature Reserve was the study area. Four transect lines, each about 1 km long, were set up in the growing season along
the biotope gradient in four directions: east, northeast, west and northwest. Attributes measured include frequency of occurrence,
height, density, coverage, biomass and environmental soil factors. The data were analyzed using a two-way indicative species
analysis (TWINSPAN), detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) and Spearman correlation coefficients. On this basis, the vegetation
in the Siertan wetland was classified into three types and 14 associations. The first vegetation type was halophytic marsh
vegetation, mainly distributed in the wetland zone. This type largely contains halophyte and hygric plants and its representative
association is Phragmites communis + Kalidium foliatum. The second type was meadow vegetation, distributed in the ecotone. The meadow vegetation species are mainly mesophytic and
their representative association is Nitraria tangutorum + Pennisetum flaccidum. The third vegetation type is grassland vegetation, which mainly consists of mesophytic and xerophytes, distributed in the
arid grassland zone. The representative association of the third vegetation type is the association of Anaeurolepidium secalium + Saussurea runcinata. Correlation analysis between the axes of DCA and environmental soil factors shows that soil moisture content, organic matter,
soil salt content and total nitrogen are the main environmental factors affecting the pattern of vegetation distribution along
the biotope gradients from wetland to arid grassland. Other factors affecting the vegetation are microtopography and grazing
pressure. Additionally, we have reported modifications and improvements to the importance value methodology.
__________
Translated from Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2008, 30(1): 6–13 [译自: 北京林业大学学报] 相似文献
12.
The risk of forest fires has been a subject of study from different disciplines, but its economic evaluation has received relatively little attention. This paper discusses the main issues involved from an economic perspective, and presents the results of a referendum application to evaluate a 50% reduction of the risk of forest fires in Catalonia, Spain. Results and specific risk valuation problems are discussed with some detail. 相似文献
13.
Emil Sandulescu John E. Wagner Sharon Pailler Donald W. Floyd Craig J. Davis 《Forest Policy and Economics》2007,10(1-2):14-24
Forest management in Romania is based on sustained yield. However, the current sustained-yield policy may be outdated and may not be the best way of achieving Romania's intended objectives of biological sustainability and community stability. The existing policy also does not incorporate objectives consistent with Romania's new economic and social systems. We examine the potential economic net benefits from timber harvests that could result from changes to the existing sustained-yield policy by comparing the state-approved management plan of a community forest with three alternative forest management plans. We find that the three alternatives appreciably increase the potential economic net benefits. Certain aspects of these alternative plans deviate from Romania's current sustained-yield criteria; however, the costs associated with changes to the current regime could be balanced by the economic net benefits of implementing an alternative management plan. To employ the same static forest management policy throughout time without adapting to a dynamic socio-economic environment will likely lead to inefficient, ineffective, and unproductive utilization of Romania's forest resources. 相似文献
14.
《Wood material science & engineering》2013,8(2):87-92
Abstract The aim of the present work was to examine an advanced image-processing algorithm for moisture content (mc) calculation and also to use this algorithm to analyse moisture loss data for low temperature drying. Since wood starts to shrink below the fibre saturation point during drying, the geometrical shape of the wood piece will change. The dry wood image was thoroughly transformed to the shape of the wet wood image prior to calculating the dry weight mc. The results show that the algorithm for the dry weight mc on density data from the CT-scanning during low-temperature drying in the climate chamber is a powerful tool for analysing the moisture loss inside the wood piece. This method can make it possible to get a higher quality on the product. 相似文献
15.
Stéphane Nitcheu Tchiadje Denis J. Sonwa Bernard-Aloys Nkongmeneck Laurent Cerbonney 《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2013,32(5):355-368
ABSTRACTLogging operations in Cameroon are based on the extraction of wood from natural forests. In this article, we assessed the carbon stock in a forest management unit (FMU) located in East Cameroon from field inventory to postfelling operations up to sawmill and export terminals. Tree basal area and aboveground biomass were calculated based on trees inventoried in the annual allowable cut. We observed that from an exploitable tree potential of 0.696 trees ha?1 inventoried within a diameter range of 50–110 cm, 0.141 tree ha?1 (i.e., 20% of the inventoried trees) were logged. In other words, out of 6.78 tC ha?1 inventoried, 1.84 tC ha?1 (i.e., 27% was logged), 1.62 tC ha?1 arrived in the log yard and 1.3 tC ha?1 arrived in sawmill, while 0.32 tC ha?1 reached the export terminal. In terms of damages caused on vegetation, 4.45% of all the annual allowance cut (AAC) were affected during logging activities, this represents almost 33,188.07 tons of carbon. These findings show that the implementation of reduced-impact logging (RIL) could reduce these losses throughout the logging steps and help propose a process for the valuation of wood waste in the forest and sawmill. In this context, reducing emissions from deforestation and degradation will be engaged with the right approach. 相似文献
16.
Photosynthesis of a tropical canopy tree, Ceiba pentandra, in a lowland forest in Panama 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Diel (24 h) courses of CO(2) and water-vapor exchange of Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. (Bombacaceae) were studied under natural tropical conditions in the semi-evergreen moist forest of Barro Colorado Island, Panama. Measurements were conducted from early February 1991 (dry season), shortly after new leaves emerged, until mid-October 1991 (wet season), when leaves were shed. Rates of net CO(2) uptake were significantly higher in the dry season than in the wet season, and showed a linear decrease with leaf age. Leaf nitrogen concentrations and contents also decreased with age. Our estimate of annual carbon gain (2640 g CO(2) m(-2) year(-1) or 21 g CO(2) g(DW) (-1) year(-1)) is considerably higher than estimates available for temperate forest trees. 相似文献
17.
Satoshi Saito 《Journal of Forest Research》2002,7(3):137-143
The effects of a typhoon on forest dynamics and the response of major tree species were studied in a warm-temperate evergreen
broad-leaved forest in southwestern Japan. The strongest typhoon on record (T9313) passed through this region in 1993. Return
periods of typhoons over 30 ms−1 in instantaneous wind velocity and T9313 were estimated to be 2.2 and 104.5 years, respectively. Approximately 10% of all
stems suffered some damage from T9313 and annual stem mortality rose from 1.3 to 2.7%. The estimated period that the number
of stems would fall below 10% of the initial was four years shorter with T9313-class typhoons than without them. Thus, the
disturbance by T9313 was not catastrophic at the site although T9313 was an episodic typhoon. The short-term responses of
major tree species to T9313 were classified into four types: 1) blunt-response type with little decrease and recruitment of
stems in the DBH ≥ 5 cm class (Distylium racemosum), 2) retreat type with larger decrease than recruitment (e.g. Quercus acuta), 3) sharp-response type with a large decrease and much recruitment (e.g. Cinnamomum japonicum), and 4) advance type with less decrease than recruitment (Eurya japonica). Among the four regeneration types classified by previous studies (climax, light-demanding, subcanopy, and few-sapling),
the climax and few-sapling types each showed a specific short-term response, the blunt-response and retreat types, respectively,
that explains one aspect of the regeneration strategies of each type. On the other hand, the light-demanding or sub-canopy
type showed multiple short-term responses, indicating that each regeneration type contains species with various regeneration
strategies.
In this paper, I analyzed data from the database that was compiled by the Aya Research Team. 相似文献
18.
2020年11月18日,我国南京地区出现了罕见的增温异常,利用常规气象资料和11月16日至20日ERA5逐小时1000 hPa至300 hPa的散度、位势高度、气温、水平风和垂直速度等再分析资料,根据高低空的天气系统的配置和槽脊移动的过程,结合散度、暖平流等天气学原理的相关知识分析冷锋过境前的基本环流形势,并主要结合热力学一级能量方程(温度倾向方程)对影响本次增温天气过程的因子进行了评估分析。结果表明:在这次增温中,温度平流和非绝热加热的贡献占主导作用,前者由于西南暖湿气流带来,后者与冷空气把原来占主导地位的暖气团迅速挤压到狭窄区域聚集增温有关;而垂直运动不是最显著的影响因子。 相似文献
19.