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1.
在对籼稻缙恢10进行EMS(ethyl methane sulfonate)处理后的群体中,发现一个花器官突变体,主要表现为内稃扭曲并呈现外稃化特征,浆片数目增加且呈现稃状特征,雄蕊数目减少至1～4个,部分雄蕊的花丝呈现浆片化特征,暂将其命名为水稻颖壳扭曲突变体palea distortion 1(pd1)。遗传分析表明该突变性状受一个隐形单基因控制。利用群体分离分析法(bulked segregation analysis,BSA),将PD1基因定位在第2染色体的RM13693和RM13936之间,遗传距离分别为3.25cM和3.90cM。该研究结果为PD1基因的图位克隆奠定了基础。 相似文献
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水稻产量和品质受花器官发育的直接影响, 因此对水稻颖花发育机理的研究将有助于水稻产量和品质的遗传改良。在籼稻C2与2480的杂交后代中发现了一个多柱头突变体, 与野生型相比, 该突变体植株矮化、穗变小、开花延迟和育性降低。颖花解剖发现, 其浆片正常, 柱头和雌蕊数量增加, 雄蕊数目明显减少, 并伴随不同程度的雌雄蕊畸形。以突变体作母本, 构建群体进行遗传分析, 结果显示所有F1均表现正常, F2群体出现3∶1性状分离, 证实该突变性状受1对隐性基因控制。利用微卫星标记进行连锁分析, 将该基因定位于水稻第6染色体上标记RM3183和RM3827之间, 遗传距离分别为2.2 cM和12.0 cM, 且与RM11951、RM19953和RM19961共分离。ISM(t)是一个新的水稻花器官发育控制基因, 本研究为该基因的克隆和功能研究奠定了基础。 相似文献
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从水稻(Oryza sativa L.)保持系D 62B田间繁殖材料中发现一个披叶和颖花器官突变体DLR(rice with drooping leaf).该突变体叶片无中脉,颖花内稃比外稃长,内、外稃不抱合,雌蕊同源转化成雄蕊,浆片呈稃片状.利用扫描电镜和石蜡切片观察该突变体花器官形态发生过程.用该突变体作父本,明恢63为母本配制杂交组合进行性状遗传分析,根据F2代植株表型表明该突变性状是由单隐性基因控制的,利用SSR标记将突变性状相关的基因定位在第3染色体上,RM 563与RM 282之间,与RM 282相距5.56 cm. 相似文献
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研究水稻花发育基因对于水稻相关性状的分子育种具有十分重要的意义。本研究报道一个水稻颖壳和浆片异常突变体ahl (abnormal hull and lodicule),来源于优良恢复系缙恢10号的EMS诱变群体。该突变体内外稃变小并发生严重扭曲,浆片顶端伸长。内外稃异常导致灌浆后米粒变小、畸形,千粒重下降。该性状遗传稳定,受一对隐性基因控制,利用群体分离分析法(bulked segregation analysis,BSA)将AHL基因定位在第2染色体上的SSR标记RM14153与RM14167之间,遗传距离分别为1.19 cM和1.34 cM,物理距离为226 kb。研究结果为AHL基因的图位克隆和功能研究奠定了基础。 相似文献
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鉴定和克隆水稻花器官突变体新基因,对了解水稻花器官发育的分子遗传机制和分子信号调控途径有着重要的作用。本研究报道了1个水稻颖壳异常突变体,来源于EMS (ethyl methane sulfonate)处理的缙恢10号(Oryza sativa)诱变群体,暂被命名为degraded hull 2 (dh2)。表型分析发现突变体小花第一轮内稃或外稃横向细胞数目减少,导致内稃或外稃变窄而不能正常勾合,从而呈现开裂现象,其内三轮花器官均无明显变化。遗传分析表明该突变性状受1个隐性单基因控制。利用群体分离分析法(bulked segregation analysis, BSA),将DH2基因定位在第3染色体的IND-5和IND-14之间,遗传距离分别为0.99 cM和1.49 cM。该研究结果为DH2基因的图位克隆奠定了基础,对水稻花发育生物学研究具有重要的意义。 相似文献
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一个水稻披叶突变体的遗传分析和基因定位 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在杂交育种后代中,发现了一个叶片披垂的突变体,暂命名为dl(t).通过两年观察,表现稳定遗传.以该突变体为父本,Y2B和缙香2B分别为母本配制杂交组合,F2遗传分析表明,该披叶性状由一对隐性基因控制.利用突变体与Y2B杂交得到的F2代群体进行基因定位,发现dl(t)基因位于第3染色体短臂上标记RM6038和RM5347之间,遗传距离分别为3.99 cM和0.94 cM.进一步在两标记之间发展新的分子标记,将该基因定位在RM6038和RM7576之间,分别相距3.99 cM和0.47 cM,且与RM1324共分离.这一结果表明该基因可能与已报道的水稻披叶突变基因dl(drooping leaf)等位.但该披叶突变体除叶片表现披垂外,其他性状与所有已报道的dl等位基因都不同,特别是花器官性状发育正常,这显然与已有报道的dl等位基因不同. 相似文献
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水稻颖壳退化突变体degenerated hull 3 (dh3)的表型分析与基因定位 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
水稻(Oryza sativaL.)花器官的发育直接影响其产量和品质。本研究报道了一个水稻颖壳退化突变体,来源于恢复系缙恢10号的ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS)诱变群体,命名为degenerated hull 3 (dh3)。该突变体表现为内外稃退化变窄,且不能正常闭合。在一些突变严重的小花中,外稃甚至退化成芒状,内稃边缘和浆片退化变窄且融合。遗传分析表明该性状受1对隐性基因调控。利用不育系西农1A与dh3杂交构建的356株F2突变群体,将DH3基因精细定位在第12染色体的SSR标记RM27706和RM27709之间,物理距离为44.72 kb,该区段内未见已知功能基因的报道。本研究的结果为以后DH3基因的图位克隆与功能分析打下基础。 相似文献
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一个水稻开颖不育突变体ohs1(t)的遗传分析及基因定位 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
我们在明恢86的转基因后代中发现了一个水稻花器官发育突变体,暂命名为开颖不育(open hull sterile 1,ohs1(t)))突变体.ohs1(t)突变体表现颖花开裂,内外稃片变细,内稃微弯向外稃,有雌雄蕊分化,但雌雄蕊较野生犁株的小,大多数花药没有花粉,少数花药中含有不育花粉,雌雄配子均不育.突变体ohs1(t)分别与明恢86、R527、93-11和中花16号杂交后代遗传分析表明,ohs1(t)是一个隐性基因控制的突变体.以ohs1(t)和93-11杂交F2群体中突变个体作为初步定位群体,采用已报道的SSR标记将OHS1(t)初步定位在1号染色体的长臂端RM493和RM5638两个标记间.随后利用已公布的水稻基因组序列(http://rgp.dna.affrc.go.jp/E/index.html)及93-11和日本晴间SSR标记数据库(http://www.gramene.org/),新开发和筛选了SSR和InDel标记,并以ohs1(t))和中花16号杂交F2群体中突变个体作为新定位群体,将OHS1(t)基因进一步定位在NSSR0115和InDel0102之间,遗传距离分别为0.2 cM和0.3 cM,物理距离约66 kb. 相似文献
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水稻单侧卷叶突变体B157遗传分析及基因初步定位 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
用60Co-γ射线诱变籼稻品种808,获得一个叶片单侧右向正面卷曲的突变体,命名为B157.以突变体B157与平展叶水稻808、日本晴(粳稻)、东洋超级稻(籼稻)杂交构建F2遗传群体.F2群体分离分析表明,该突变体的卷叶性状由一对隐性基因控制.利用东洋超级稻xB157构建的F2群体对该卷叶性状进行基因定位,初步将控制该卷叶性状的基因定位在水稻第1染色体上,并将其定位在RM272与RI02526两个分子标记之间,我们将该基因命名urll(t)(unilateral rolled leaf 1).定位分析表明,urll(t)基因与RM272与RI02526的遗传距离分别为0.6 cM和2.0 cM.进一步的in silico分析显示,urll(t)基因所在的两个标记间的物理距离为692.9 kb,包含78个预测基因,其中有14个编码未知功能的表达蛋白,17个编码未知功能的假定蛋白,47个编码功能蛋白.基于TIGR数据库的分析发现,在这些预测基因中有三个预测基因与植物细胞分裂和生长有关,我们推测这三个预测基因可能与控制urll(t)卷叶性状有关. 相似文献
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Sexual hybridization between Capsella bursa‐pastoris (L.) Medik (♀) and Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz (♂) (Brassicaceae) 
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下载免费PDF全文 Sara L. Martin Connie A. Sauder Tracey James Kyle W. Cheung Fakhria M. Razeq Paul Kron Linda Hall 《Plant Breeding》2015,134(2):212-220
The development of transgenic oilseed Camelina sativa (2n = 40) and the potential for hybridization with its weedy relative Capsella bursa‐pastoris (2n = 36) necessitates a careful evaluation of the reproductive compatibility between the species. Here, we conducted over 1800 crosses (emasculation and manual pollination) to examine the ability of 10 Canadian C. bursa‐pastoris (♀) accessions to hybridize with five accessions of C. sativa (♂). Seven hybrids were confirmed among 586 putative hybrids screened with species‐specific markers, indicating a hybridization rate of 1.5 hybrids per 10 000 ovules pollinated. All seven hybrids had intermediate DNA content compared to their parents, were morphologically distinct, had low (1.9%) pollen fertility and failed to produce selfed or backcrossed seed. Given the abundance of C. bursa‐pastoris along field margins, hybrids will likely be generated in the wild, but they will be unable to establish lineages unless fertility is restored. The large number of crosses and the diversity captured by the use of multiple accessions resulted in strong statistical power and a high degree of confidence in the estimated hybridization rate. 相似文献
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氮磷钾与茶叶品质关系的研究综述 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8
茶叶是中国重要的经济作物,茶多酚、儿茶素、氨基酸、咖啡碱和水浸出物为国际上公认的茶叶品质成份。氮、磷、钾是茶树正常生长所必需的营养元素,它们与茶叶品质成分的形成与含量有着密切关系。适量的施氮对茶叶品质有较好的促进作用,施氮不足或过量则会对茶叶品质产生极大的不良影响;此外,茶树有喜铵耐铵的特性,施用NH4+—N肥有利于改善茶叶品质。磷能促进类黄酮物质的形成以及增加茶多酚、氨基酸和咖啡碱的含量。钾能显著提高茶叶中的游离氨基酸、茶多酚等内含物的含量,对水浸出物、儿茶素等含量也有影响;不同钾肥品种对茶叶品质影响不同,就提高茶叶氨基酸的效果而言,以硫酸钾最好。氮、磷、钾三种元素配合施用对提高茶叶品质起到良好的效果,单施其中一种不仅无助于茶叶品质的提高,反而会使茶叶品质降低。 相似文献
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Summary To introduce resistance to fungal and viral diseases into urdbean (Vigna mungo), it was crossed with adzukibean (Vigna angularis) to achieve an interspecific hybrid between the two species by using different non-conventional breeding methods. Partial success was obtained with the use of UV irradiated pollen, intraspecific hybrids as parents and spray of immuno-suppressants on the female parent under glass house conditions and to the extent of callusing in aseptic culture. 相似文献
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N. Arumugam A. Mukhopadhyay V. Gupta Y. S. Sodhi J. K. Verma D. Pental A. K. Pradhan 《Plant Breeding》2002,121(2):168-170
Brassica carinata (BBCC), a potential oilseed crop for dry land agriculture, is sensitive to high temperatures during germination and early stages of growth, which thereby restricts the possibility of using the residual soil moisture available after the rainy season for its cultivation. To overcome this problem, a three‐genome hybrid, RCBB, was synthesized using Raphanus sativus (RR) and Brassica oleracea (CC) as donor sources for the desired heat tolerance. Protoplasts of RC hybrids obtained through sexual crosses between R. sativus (female) and B. oleracea (male) were fused with protoplasts of Brassica nigra (BB) to produce RCBB somatic hybrids. The hybrid colonies regenerated with an average frequency of 7.6%. Twelve out of 36 hybrids grown to maturity were characterized for their nuclear and organelle genomes. While all the hybrids showed the presence of B. nigra chloroplasts, 10 of the hybrids showed B. nigra‐specific mitochondria and two had Raphanus‐spedfic mitochondria. The somatic hybrids could be backcrossed to B. carinata. 相似文献
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锌、锰对棉花吸收氮、磷养分的影响及机理研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
较高或较低浓度的土壤锌、锰影响棉花对氮、磷养分的吸收、而合适的土壤锌、锰浓度能促进棉花根系和地上部对氮、磷的吸收和积累。提高植株及茎、叶、蕾、铃中氮、磷的含量,对棉花的生产发育,产量及产量构成因素都表现出明显的促进作用,通过水培试验研究发明,锌、锰在一定浓度条件下所表现的促进作用,主要是提高了棉花植株的根系活力,增加棉株叶片的叶绿素含量,调节棉株体内的酶活性,从而增加了棉花对营养物质的吸收、运输和代谢、提高了氮、磷的利用率、增加棉花的产量。 相似文献
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Summary Five strains of mungbeans were grown at 8-, 12-, 13-, 14-, 15-, and 16-hour photoperiods in plant environmental chambers. The strains did not differ in days to flower at the 8- and 12-hour photoperiods, but flowering was delayed and plant height increased differentially when the photoperiod was increased beyond 12 hours. Two strains exhibited only slight sensitivity over the range of photoperiods studied. Two strains failed to flower within a 180-day period at the 16-hour photoperiod. The results corroborate observations in the First International Mungbean Nursery in which 28 strains grown at low latitudes (short photoperiods) had a narrow range in days to flowering, with the range becoming wider at the higher latitudes (longer photoperiods). The results provide evidence that response to photoperiod is important in the adaptation of mungbean strains in different latitudes.Contribution No. 6890 from the Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station. 相似文献
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Summary The effect of different storage conditions on cocoyam pollen viability was investigated. Two levels of temperature (0° and 5°C) and four levels of relative humidity (0, 10, 20 and 30 percent) represented the storage environments.Viable cocoyam pollen could be obtained after 28 days in storage. The best storage condition was 5°C and 30% relative humidity. 相似文献
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Lemongrass ( Cymbopogon flexuosus (Steud.) Wats) is a perennial, multicut aromatic grass, which yields an essential oil used in perfumery and pharmaceutical industries and Vitamin A, has a long initial lag phase. To utilize the crop growth resources more efficiently during this phase, studies were made to explore the possibility of intercropping food legumes with lemongrass. An experiment conducted during 1992–93 revealed that the food legumes like blackgram ( Vigna mungo (L) Hepper), cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp) or soybean ( Glycine max (L) Merr.) could be intercropped in the initial stages of lemongrass to get extra yields over and above that of lemongrass, without affecting the yield of lemongrass. 相似文献