共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
After administration of glycine-2-(14)C to a patient with thalassemia, the specific activities of heme and globin of F hemoglobin were consistently higher than those of hemoglobin A. After reaching a maximum, the ratio of the specific activity of heme to that of globin remained constant within each hemoglobin. Explanations considered include dilution by preformed subunits, differential turnover of hemoglobins, and possibly more than one heme-synthesizing pool. 相似文献
2.
对葡萄血红蛋白基因的结构、进化关系、序列特征及蛋白结构进行剖析。基因结构和蛋白序列特征分析表明:尽管葡萄3个血红蛋白基因外显子个数和保守基序组织结构变异较大,但功能结构域具有高度保守性。结构模拟显示,葡萄VvHb1以单体形式存在,而VvHb2和VvHb3则以二聚体形式存在,尽管它们三维构象以螺旋结构为主,但结合血红素分子活性不同。进化分析揭示,植物血红蛋白具有4个类群,其中葡萄的血红蛋白落入主要类群外,并且单独形成了一个进化分支,说明葡萄血红蛋白基因在物种形成后发生了快速进化和基因扩增现象。 相似文献
3.
Simultaneous expression of globin genes for embryonic and adult hemoglobins during mammalian ontogeny 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The dominant hemoglobin of the adult hamster was detected in yolk-sac erythroid cells, and its identity was confirmed by peptide mapping and by analysis of relevant peptides. Both the presence and active synthesis of two embryonic hemoglobins presumed to exist only in yolk-sac erythroid cells were detected in neonatal liver and spleen. Thus the time span of expression of both embryonic and adult globin genes during mammalian ontogeny may be considerably broader than presently believed. 相似文献
4.
Structure and in vitro transcription of human globin genes 总被引：44，自引：0，他引：44
N J Proudfoot M H Shander J L Manley M L Gefter T Maniatis 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1980,209(4463):1329-1336
5.
T Papayannopoulou T Enver S Takegawa N P Anagnou G Stamatoyannopoulos 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1988,242(4881):1056-1058
Human fetal globin genes are not expressed in hybrid cells produced by the fusion of normal human lymphocytes with mouse erythroleukemia cells. In contrast, when lymphocytes from persons with globin gene developmental mutations (hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin) are used for these fusions, fetal globin is expressed in the hybrid cells. Thus, mutations of developmental origin can be reconstituted in vitro by fusing mutant lymphoid cells with differentiated cell lines of the proper lineage. This system can readily be used for analyses, such as globin gene methylation, that normally require large numbers of pure nucleated erythroid cells, which are difficult to obtain. 相似文献
6.
Autonomous developmental control of human embryonic globin gene switching in transgenic mice 总被引：25，自引：0，他引：25
N Raich T Enver B Nakamoto B Josephson T Papayannopoulou G Stamatoyannopoulos 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1990,250(4984):1147-1149
The mechanisms by which expression of the beta-like globin genes are developmentally regulated are under intense investigation. The temporal control of human embryonic (epsilon) globin expression was analyzed. A 3.7-kilobase (kb) fragment that contained the entire human epsilon-globin gene was linked to a 2.5-kb cassette of the locus control region (LCR), and the developmental time of expression of this construct was studied in transgenic mice. The human epsilon-globin transgene was expressed in yolk sac-derived primitive erythroid cells, but not in fetal liver or bone marrow-derived definitive erythroid cells. The absence of epsilon gene expression in definitive erythroid cells suggests that the developmental regulation of the epsilon-globin gene depends only on the presence of the LCR and the epsilon-globin gene itself (that is, an autonomous negative control mechanism). The autonomy of epsilon-globin gene developmental control distinguishes it from the competitive mechanism of regulation of gamma and beta-globin genes, and therefore, suggests that at least two distinct mechanisms function in human hemoglobin switching. 相似文献
7.
山核桃APETALA1同源基因的克隆与序列分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据植物花分生组织及花器官形成过程中起重要作用的APETALA1（AP1）基因的高度保守区序列,设计合成一对长度为23bp的聚合酶链式反应（PCR）引物,以山核桃Carya cathayensis因组DNA为模板,采用PCR方法扩增出长为486bp的DNA片段,克隆到pMD18-T载体。测序和序列分析结果表明,获得了山核桃AP1同源基因中的1个片段,该片段序列包含2个内含子,长度分别为86bp和291bp,编码区共编码36个氨基酸。其序列已在Gen荷Bank中注册（注册号为EU155118）,在Gen Bank中进行同源性检索结果表明,其氨基酸序列与其他植物AP1同源基因的氨基酸序列同源性高达69％～88％,推测它们在功能上也是相似的。 相似文献
8.
植物同源异型枢基因(Homeobox gene,HBG)广泛存在,是一类重要的转录因子编码基因,在生物进化中具有很强的保守性。利用GenBank登录的拟南芥、苜蓿、豌豆、烟草、番茄等同源异型枢基因保守区序列设计简并引物,通过RT-PCR技术,从马铃薯萌动的幼芽中获得了一个homeobox的cDNA基因,命名为StKN1,GenBank登录号为DQ494855.1。该基因片段长971 bp,经序列分析比对,与其他植物的HBG具有很高的序列相似性。系统进化分析将StKN1基因归入homeobox KNOX基因家族。 相似文献
9.
黄瓜CSHSP70基因内含子结构分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
【目的】探明黄瓜CSHSP70基因的内含子数目及其结构特点。【方法】根据黄瓜CSHSP70基因cDNA序列设计引物，应用PCR技术从gDNA中克隆CSHSP70基因，采用RT-PCR技术验证内含子的存在。【结果】经测序与拼接，得到长度为4 056 bp的黄瓜CSHSP70基因，它包含7个内含子。经分析发现这些内含子富含A•T，具有类似启动子和HSE核心结构的序列存在。对黄瓜、甜瓜和丝瓜CSHSP70基因部分序列的比较分析表明，该基因在这3个葫芦科作物中具有很强的保守性。【结论】内含子存在的特殊结构表明其可能对该基因表达具有调控作用。 相似文献
10.
Protein synthesis: its control in erythropoiesis 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
Erythropoiesis in the fetal mouse provides a model to study several important aspects of the regulation of cell differentiation and differentiated protein synthesis. Changes in the patterns of hemoglobins formed during fetal and postfetal development are shown to be associated with the substitution of the liver erythroid cell line. In the course of differentiation of yolk sac erythroid cells there are at least two classes of proteins distinguishable with respect to dependence on continued RNA formatoin. The bulk of nuclear proteins, "nondifferentiated" proteins, appear to be dependent on relatively short-lived messenger RNA while synthesis of differentiated proteins, the hemoglobins, proceeds on relatively stable molecules of messenger RNA. Hemoglobin formation occurs in those cells which are actively synthesizing DNA and dividing. On the average, two to three cell divisions may occur after the formation and stabilization of the messenger RNA for globin. Yolk sac erythropoiesis, at least from day 10 of gestation, is unresponsive to erythropoietin. By comparison, in fetal liver erythropoiesis, the hormone, erythropoietin, acts selectively on the most immature erythroid cell precursor to induce differentiation, cell replication, and hemoglobin formation. The erythropoietin responsive cell in the liver is apparently differentiated from the progenitor, pluripotential stem cell and committed to erythroblast formation and hemoglobin synthesis on exposure to the hormone. The initial effects of erythropoietin on macromolecular synthesis are to stimulate RNA synthesis, which temporally is followed by cell replication and the increase in hemoglobin formation. During liver erythropoiesis, there appears to be a transition from hemoglobin synthesis dependent on RNA formation to hemoglobin synthesis directed by relatively stable messenger RNA. 相似文献
11.
【目的】禾谷孢囊线虫(Heterodera avenae)是一种严重危害麦类作物的重要植物病原线虫,对农业生产造成巨大的经济损失,然而其致病机制和有效防控方法还有待进一步研究。通过克隆禾谷孢囊线虫的果胶酸裂解酶新基因Ha-pel-1,并对其表达特性进行分析,为后续探究Ha-pel-1的基因功能及其与寄主的互作提供理论依据,并为探讨禾谷孢囊线虫防控途径提供新思路。【方法】采用同源克隆结合RACE技术从禾谷孢囊线虫中克隆出一个新的果胶酸裂解酶基因;采用DNAMAN、Clustal、Signal P 4.0 Server和GSDS等相关生物信息学软件和在线工具分析该基因的核苷酸和氨基酸序列,并使用MEGA 5.0构建系统进化树;采用原位杂交和半定量PCR方法确定该基因的在禾谷孢囊线虫中的表达部位及其在线虫不同龄期中的表达情况。【结果】从禾谷孢囊线虫中成功克隆出一个果胶酸裂解酶基因Ha-pel-1(Gen Bank登录号GQ998895),该基因c DNA全长1 717 bp,包含一个长度为1 563 bp的开放阅读框,编码一个长度为521个氨基酸残基的蛋白,其理论分子量为57.5 k D,理论等电点为8.52。从线虫基因组DNA中扩增获得长度为7 199 bp的Ha-pel-1基因组全长,基因结构显示分析发现,Ha-pel-1基因组包含14个外显子和13个内含子,除第3个内含子剪接位点是GC-AG外,其余12个内含子都符合真核生物基因剪接位点GT-AG规则。同源比对结果表明,预测蛋白Ha-PEL-1的C端与大豆孢囊线虫果胶酸裂解酶HG-PEL-1、甜菜孢囊线虫果胶酸裂解酶HS-PEL-1均有67%的一致性和83%的相似性;此外,其N端信号肽后比报道的其他植物寄生线虫果胶酸裂解酶多出一段长度为254个氨基酸残基的序列,这段序列中,靠近N端的184个氨基酸残基与数据库中的蛋白均无相似性,而靠近C端有70个氨基酸残基(Lys205—Glu274)与韦塞尔斯布朗病毒NS5蛋白(注册号3ELD)的甲基转移酶区域有32%的一致性和47%的相似性。氨基酸序列分析发现,预测蛋白Ha-PEL-1包含一个长度为20个氨基酸残基的信号肽和4个果胶酸裂解酶第3家族(PL3)的高度保守区域以及多个保守的半胱氨酸残基;系统进化分析发现,Ha-pel-1及其他已报道的线虫果胶酸裂解酶基因与细菌和真菌来源的PEL聚在一个大的分支中;原位杂交结果显示Ha-pel-1主要在禾谷孢囊线虫亚腹食道腺中表达;半定量RT-PCR确定Ha-pel-1在寄生前和寄生后的2龄幼虫中大量表达。【结论】通过对禾谷孢囊线虫中一个新果胶酸裂解酶基因Ha-pel-1的克隆和表达特征分析,揭示该基因与禾谷孢囊线虫的侵染和寄生过程密切相关。 相似文献
12.
【目的】鉴定谷子NADP-ME家族成员,研究不同成员对非生物逆境胁迫的响应,为揭示SiNADP-ME在谷子逆境应答信号途径中的作用奠定基础。【方法】 利用生物信息学方法鉴定谷子基因组中的NADP-ME家族成员。采用GSDS2.0、plantCARE、Clustalx、MEGA6.0等软件及网站ExPASy对鉴定成员蛋白和基因序列进行生物信息学分析。采用qRT-PCR方法检测SiNADP-ME在苗期不同逆境、不同生育期干旱胁迫及不同光照强度下的表达情况。【结果】 谷子NADP-ME家族由7个成员组成,它们在谷子的第2、3、5、7染色体上呈不均匀分布。保守功能域分析显示7个基因都含有NADP-ME特征保守功能域。序列比对发现谷子NADP-ME成员之间序列非常保守,相似性较高,7个谷子成员序列一致性为77.30%,而不同物种NADP-ME序列之间相似性为56.52%。序列分析显示SiNADP-ME1、SiNADP-ME4、SiNADP-ME5、SiNADP-ME6序列较长,分别编码576、639、652和636个氨基酸,而SiNADP-ME2、SiNADP-ME3、SiNADP-ME7序列较短,分别编码213、265和149个氨基酸。基因结构分析显示SiNADP-ME1有2个可变剪切,SiNADP-ME5有3个可变剪切,其他基因无可变剪切。SiNADP-ME1、SiNADP-ME2、SiNADP-ME3、SiNADP-ME7含内含子较少,而SiNADP-ME4、SiNADP-ME5、SiNADP-ME6含内含子较多。蛋白参数预测显示谷子NADP-ME成员间分子量跨度较大,在161.94—725.43 kD,等电点为5.32—8.05,不稳定指数为23.01—45.01,脂肪系数介于89.19—107.77,平均疏水指数介于-0.218—0.004。亚细胞定位预测显示SiNADP-ME成员主要被定位在叶绿体、线粒体和细胞质中。顺式元件分析显示SiNADP-ME成员启动子区域主要包括激素类应答、逆境应答、光应答以及其他类生长调控相关的顺式元件。聚类分析发现谷子SiNADP-ME基因在单、双子叶植物分离之前就已存在。不同物种同源基因对在进化树中广泛存在揭示它们在进化上可能存在共同祖先,也暗示它们在某些信号通路中可能具有相似的功能。苗期逆境表达分析表明所有谷子SiNADP-ME家族基因表达量在本文应用的4种逆境胁迫下都被明显诱导。SiNADP-ME1在ABA、低温、NaCl处理后被诱导的最高相对表达量分别为对照的460.53、411.50和15.24倍;SiNADP-ME6在ABA、低温、PEG、NaCl处理后被诱导的最高相对表达量分别为对照的211.13、15.21、772.41和643.99倍。进一步分析表明SiNADP-ME1和SiNADP-ME6在拔节期、抽穗期和灌浆期干旱胁迫下表达量上调。【结论】 从谷子基因组中鉴定了7个NADP-ME基因家族成员;7个成员间序列非常保守并且都含有NADP-ME基因典型特征结构域;7个谷子NADP-ME家族基因参与了植物非生物逆境应答,特别是SiNADP-ME1和SiNADP-ME6可能在ABA、盐、干旱、低温等逆境应答信号途径中起重要作用。 相似文献
13.
Gene selection in hemoglobin and in antibody-synthesizing cells 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
D Kabat 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1972,175(18):134-140
Close linkage of mutually exclusive genes occurs in the non-alpha chain hemoglobin genes and in the immunoglobulin genes of man and other mammals. The expression of one gene in the cluster precludes the expression of any other linked gene. A simple, testable theory of gene selection called "looping-out excision"which was designed only to explain this mutual exclusivity in the hemoglobin system is described. The theory is closely concordant with a wide range of previously unexplained findings concerning hematopoiesis- including the developmental changes of hemoglobins, the increases in immature or fetal forms of hemoglobin that accompany anemia, and with the distribution of adult and fetal hemoglobins among erythrocytes during normal embryogenesis and in various pathological conditions. One corollary of this theory is that erythroid tissue in the normal adult bone marrow is constantly recapitulating the developmental stages of its embryogenesis. Another corollary is that the selection from among the linked globin genes occurs independently on the two chromosomes of the diploid organism. Both of these corollaries are supported by the available data. The same theory of gene selection is also remarkably consistent with known data for immunoglobulin synthesis; it could explain not only the mutually exclusive activation of linked variable genes but also the splicing which occurs between genetically linked variable and constant region genes for the immunoglobulin polypeptide chains. The agreement between these two different tissues is considered to be strong evidence that the proposed mechanism is correct at least in broad outline. Evidence from the genetics of maize and of drosophila also supports this theory of somatic tissue variegation. On the basis of these comparisons, I suggest that looping-out excision probably occurs also in other tissues and may be one means of gene selection and activation in differentiating cells. 相似文献
14.
K Moffat 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1974,185(147):274-277
The altered gelation behavior found in mixtures of sickle cell hemoglobin with other hemoglobins is due to the formation of hybrid hemoglobin tetramers from unlike dimers. The hemoglobins need not possess the deoxy quaternary structure for gelation to occur; liganded forms are also capable of participation in gelation. 相似文献
15.
The genomes of the barley, Arabidopsis and pea powdery mildew are significantly larger than those of related fungi. This is due to an extraordinary expansion of retro-trasposons that are evident as repetitive elements in the sequence. The protein coding genes are fewer than expected due to an overall reduction in the size of gene families, a reduction in the number of paralogs and because of the loss of certain metabolic pathways. Many of these changes have also been observed in the genomes of other taxonomically unrelated obligate biotrophic pathogens. The only group of genes that bucks the trend of gene loss, are those encoding small secreted proteins that bear the hall marks of effectors. 相似文献
16.
Cat hemoglobin has a lower cooperativity and oxygen affinity than most mammalian hemoglobins. In contrast to the usual invariance of cooperativity with pH, a rise in cooperativity with pH is predicted by the allosteric model for low-affinity hemoglobins. Such a pH-dependent cooperativity for cat hemoglobin has been found. 相似文献
17.
以角毛壳菌cDNA文库中获得的几丁质酶基因片段(GenBank Accn:DV546055)为基础,用反向PCR技术克隆出该基因的全长cDNA序列,命名为chi58。其开放阅读框(ORF)1602bp,编码533个氨基酸组成的多肽,蛋白分子量为58kD,理论等电点为4.47。序列分析表明,该基因由2个内含子和3个外显子组成。经BlastP分析,chi58基因的氨基酸序列的保守性不高,与其相似性最高的是球毛壳菌(Chaetomium globosum XM001230073),相似性为75%。表明该基因是一条新发现的几丁质酶家族基因。该序列已收录于GenBank,登录号为EF026977,DQ886936。 相似文献
18.
19.
[目的]为开展唐鱼转自源基因研究提供基本构架。[方法]采用RT-PCR和RACE技术分离唐鱼生长激素基因(GH)全长cD-NA序列,同时利用PCR克隆了唐鱼生长激素基因的基因组(gDNA)序列。[结果]序列分析表明:唐鱼GH cDNA的5非编码区为64bp,3非编码区为448 bp,开放阅读框(ORF)633 bp,共编码210个氨基酸,包括22个氨基酸的信号肽和188个氨基酸的成熟肽。应用MEGA 3.1软件进行序列同源性比较分析的结果显示,唐鱼GH cDNA所编码的氨基酸序列与近缘鱼种(草鱼、青鱼、鳙鱼、鲤鱼、斑马鱼等)的生长激素氨基酸序列有很高的同源性,其中与草鱼和鳙鱼的同源性高达98%。该研究获得的唐鱼生长激素基因的gDNA序列共有1403 bp,包括4个外显子和3个内含子,外显子大小分别150、117、162、204 bp;3个内含子都以GT开头、AG结尾,符合GT-AG法则。[结论]该研究为下一步构建自源GH基因构件,进行唐鱼的转自源GH基因研究,培育出生长快、体型大的唐鱼新品系奠定了基础。 相似文献
20.
用RT-PCR的方法克隆了鲁西黄牛BMP3基因1 555 bp的eDNA序列,该序列包含1个1 428 bp的完整开放阅读框,编码476个氨基酸残基;通过对推导的牛BMP3蛋白进行生物信息学分析发现,牛BMP3蛋白的分子量为53 506.27 D,等电点为9.42,该蛋白前22个氨基酸残基为信号肽序列,而亚细胞定位分析发现,该成熟蛋白可能位于细胞外.通过与最新公布的牛基因组比对,发现牛BMP3基因位于牛基因组第6号染色体上,由3个外显子和2个内含子组成,牛BMP3基因cDNA序列与人、小鼠、大鼠和鸡BMP3基因cDNA序列的相似性分别达到84%,81%,81%,79%,是进化上保守的基因.在牛卵巢、肝、肌肉、小肠、脂肪、子宫、肾脏、心肌、肺、胰腺等组织中都检测到BMP3基因表达,表明牛BMP3基因是一个功能重要、进化保守的基因,具有广泛的组织表达谱. 相似文献