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猕猴桃种间杂交的新种质 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
美味猕猴桃２６号（ＡｃｔｉｎｉｄｉａｄｅｌｉｃｉｏｓａＮｏ．２６）与软枣猕猴桃（Ａｃｔｉｎｉｄｉａａｒｇｕｔａ）种间杂交，多数杂种Ｆ１表现为中间类型偏父本，少数偏母本，由中间类型杂种雌株中选出果大、绿皮、无毛的株系。经染色体鉴定、过氧化物酶同功酶分析和杂种实生苗及其形态特征的观察，确认此种间杂种为猕猴桃属的新种质。 相似文献
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以毛百合（Lilium dauricum）为母本、有斑百合（L.concolor var.pulchellum）为父本进行常规杂交,通过胚培养成功获得了种间远缘杂交种,对种间杂交亲和性、胚培养和杂种的形态特征进行了调查研究。结果表明：毛百合×有斑百合蒴果膨大率达46.1%,种子有胚率为1.30%,胚培养萌发率为15.2%;4个杂交后代生长旺盛,株高表现出较明显的超亲现象,其他性状呈趋中趋势,杂种植株的花色更偏向橙色。4个杂交后代虽然在花色上与亲本有一定差异,但其它性状均具有双亲的特征,从形态上能证明是真杂种。 相似文献
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宽叶补血草引种栽培试验 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
１宽叶补血草的引种栽培１．１生物学特性及生态习性宽叶补血草（Ｌｉｍｏｎｉｕｍｌａｔｉｆｏｌｉｕｍ），分类地位是蓝雪科补血草属植物，又名苏联补血草，港台地区称之为星辰花。同属植物约１８０种，广泛分布于世界各地，我国分布有１９种，生于草原和碱滩地。作为切... 相似文献
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补血草组织培养快繁试验 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
１材料与方法补血草（Ｌｉｍｏｎｉｕｍｓｉｎｕａｔｕｍ）是白花丹科、补血草属的一种切花栽培种,原产地中海沿岸,我国港台地区称其为“星辰花”、“勿忘我”,在世界许多地区商业栽培,用作鲜切花和干花。但补血草具有大量的不孕枝,同时又具有同型杂交不孕的特性,种... 相似文献
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栽培茄与野生茄种间杂交研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以茄子栽培种（Solanum melongena）自交系‘E-35’、‘E-38’、‘E-8’、‘E-30’与野生种水茄（Solanum torvum）为亲本进行种间杂交,获得了E-35×Solanum torvum的种间杂种。对F1杂种进行形态学、RAPD、GISH分析以及抗病性鉴定。结果表明:种间F1多数形态性状居中,花粉具有较高的活力,具有可稔性。RAPD以及GISH分析表明,F1植株不仅包含双亲带型,而且产生新的特征带,含有栽培茄与野生茄染色体,染色体数为2n=24,表明所得的F1杂种为真正的种间杂种。杂种经过人工接种及田间发病鉴定,表现高抗青枯病,其抗青枯病性状可能由两对显性基因控制。该种质可以作为茄子抗病育种的一个新抗源。 相似文献
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栽培甜菜Ｂ．ｖｕｌ．ｇａｒｉｓ Ｌ．，ＰＴ６，２ｎ＝１９）与白花甜菜（Ｂ．ｃｏｒｏｌｌｉｆｌｏｒａＺｏｓｓ．，２ｎ＝３６）杂交获得ＶＣ８８－１杂种Ｆ１，其染色体组为ＶＶＣＣ，２ｎ－３６．ＶＣ８８－１类似于异源多倍体，减数分裂基本正常，以其为母本与栽培甜菜（２ｎ＝１８）回交，或与其它物种如Ｂ．ｍａｒｉｔｉｍａＬ．杂交，皆获大量后代（Ｂ１０，Ｂ１４等），其染色体组为ＶＭＣ，ＶＶＣ等，２ｎ＝２７．以Ｂ１ 相似文献
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种间杂交是拓宽遗传种质资源,创造新物种、新材料的重要手段;杂交亲和性及适宜的授粉方法是成功配制杂交组合的重要因素。本试验采用4种授粉方式对菜薹(菜心)和芥蓝进行种间杂交,利用苯胺蓝染色法观察花粉管生长状况,通过胚挽救幼苗获得率分析种间杂交亲和性,筛选杂交亲本,并对后代进行倍性鉴定、形态学及细胞学分析。结果表明:蕾期授粉4次有助于获得杂种幼苗,菜心材料755适宜作杂交母本;花粉管生长状况与胚挽救幼苗获得率之间的相关性达极显著水平,利用苯胺蓝染色法可以辅助预测种间杂交亲和性。田间调查结果表明,杂种后代株型偏母本,营养生长旺盛,是培育新型菜用甘蓝型油菜的中间材料。 相似文献
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野鸢尾和射干属间杂交亲和性及杂种鉴定 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以鸢尾科鸢尾属的野鸢尾（Iris dichotoma）和射干属的射干（Belamcanda chinensis）为试材,对其常规授粉后的结实性、花粉管行为及胚胎发育过程进行了观察,并对其杂种进行了形态学和根尖细胞染色体鉴定。结果表明：野鸢尾和射干属间杂交存在一定程度障碍,但仍具有良好的亲和性,且正、反交存在差异。以野鸢尾为母本与射干杂交时,部分花粉不萌发,或者花粉管在柱头或花粉粒上缠绕;不亲和障碍主要发生在受精前,结实率和有胚率分别为48.1%和69.3%。以射干为母本与野鸢尾杂交时,在珠孔端出现胚的解体现象,不亲和障碍主要发生在受精后,结实率和有胚率分别为87.9%和54.3%。所得杂种F1的株高、花冠幅、分蘖能力都介于野鸢尾和射干之间;杂种的花期和果期较亲本有所延长,叶宽大于亲本;根状茎、花形与野鸢尾相似;花色、雄蕊、花柱、果实和种子与亲本迥异。杂种根尖细胞染色体数与亲本相同,2n = 2x = 32,均为1B型,杂交后代的染色体数相对保守,变异较小,且核型具有较高的对称性。 相似文献
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柑桔同源及异源四倍体花粉育性研究 总被引：15，自引：3，他引：12
对８个柑桔同源四倍体及通过原生质体融合得到的２个异源四倍体的花粉育性和花粉粒大小进行了测定。结果显示，同源四倍体柑桔花粉育性平均为３６％，约为二倍体（６２％）的６０％。‘伏今夏’甜橙由于是异质结合的染色体易位突变体，其同源四倍体花粉育性比二倍体（２３％）高出５０％。权（Ｐｏｎｃｉｒｕｓｔｒｉｆｏｌｉａｔａ）与甜橙（Ｃｉｔｒｕｓｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ）属间以及来檬（Ｃ．ａｕｒａｎｔｉｆｏｌｉａ）与甜橙种间四倍体体细胞杂种花粉育性介于其双亲之间，花粉育性分别为各自高值亲本的９９％和７５％。同源及异源四倍体花粉粒体积平均为二倍体的２倍或双亲之和。本结果说明，柑桔体细胞杂种可作为杂交亲本进一步被利用。 相似文献
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甘菊与栽培菊‘金陵黄玉’种间杂交失败的原因 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
二倍体野菊与栽培菊种间杂交常不能结实, 从而严重影响了野菊优异基因的利用, 为了揭示其原因, 以栽培菊(Dendranthema grandiflorum) ‘金陵黄玉’为母本, 二倍体野生菊甘菊(D. lavandulifolium ) 为父本, 开展了种间杂交, 测定了父本花粉活力, 研究了授粉后花粉在柱头萌发行为及胚胎发育情况等。结果发现, 父本甘菊的花粉活力在授粉时为11.2% , 人工授粉4 h内未观察到柱头上有花粉萌发;授粉后8 h时平均每个柱头上只有7.5粒花粉萌发; 到授粉后12 h时数量达到最多, 为16.1粒; 随后数量急剧下降, 到24和48 h时柱头萌发花粉数量分别只有3.2粒和2.4粒, 且大部分花粉管生长异常并停留在柱头表面。此外, 在授粉8 d后观察到12.0%子房中含有正常的球形胚, 但之后就未观察到正常胚胎, 最终未获得杂交种子, 而母本自然开放结实率高达42.3%。以上结果表明, 受精前、后的生殖障碍, 即母本柱头上花粉萌发数量少且萌发异常和受精后胚胎大量败育, 是引起种间杂交不结实的主要原因。 相似文献
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芥蓝与甘蓝其他变种分类关系的研究 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
为了探讨芥蓝与甘蓝其他变种的分类关系,以2个芥蓝品种、2个青花菜品种、2个球茎甘蓝品种和2个结球甘蓝品种为试材,通过芥蓝与其他3个变种的正反交以及杂交后代自交,测定杂交或自交亲和指数,并以8个亲本和24个杂交组合为材料,对其主要植物学性状进行聚类分析。结果发现：芥蓝与上述具有代表性的甘蓝其他3个变种能正常杂交,平均杂交亲和指数为13.4;杂交后代均正常可育,其植物学形态介于双亲之间,并分别偏向于结球甘蓝、青花菜和球茎甘蓝;各杂交后代自交亲和,平均自交亲和指数为14.1,F2代能正常发芽;聚类分析显示,在欧氏距离为2.78时,2个芥蓝品种单独聚为一类,2个结球甘蓝品种及其与2个芥蓝品种杂交的8个F1可以聚为一类,2个青花菜品种及其与2个芥蓝品种杂交的8个F1可以聚为一类,2个球茎甘蓝品种及其与2个芥蓝品种杂交的8个F1可以聚为一类,芥蓝与结球甘蓝的亲缘关系相对较近。根据试验结果,认为芥蓝与甘蓝其他变种属于同一物种,将其确立为甘蓝的另一个变种是合适的。 相似文献
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L. E. Watts 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(3):221-226
SummaryField and laboratory experiments were conducted to study if rain could wash-off pollen grains from the surface of the stigma and consequently affect the efficiency of fertilisation in loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.). Flowers of the loquat cultivar, ‘Dawuxing’, growing in the field, were emasculated, pollinated by hand with pollen of the cultivar ‘Longquan No.5’, then sprayed with water to simulate the effect of rain at –8, –4, –2 h before, –0 h (immediately before hand-pollination) , +0 h (immediately after hand-pollination), and 2, 4, 8, or 12 h after pollination. A control to which no water treatment was applied was also included in the assay. Meanwhile, additional assays were performed in the laboratory to improve the resolution of the field study by using earlier treatments. Here, treatments were performed by pollinating, immersing, and shaking a branch with flowers in a container of water in the laboratory –120, –60, –30, –0, +0, 30, 60, or 120 min before or after hand-pollination. One additional sample was immersed, shaken, then hand-pollinated, and immersed and shaken (ISPIS) again. The results showed that the numbers of pollen grains that germinated, and the percentages of fruit set, differed significantly between the –4, –2, –0, or +0 h treatments and the non-water-treated control in the field assays, especially in the case of the –0 h and +0 h treatments in which the stigmas were washed immediately before or after hand-pollination. However, the –8, 2, 4, 8, and 12 h treatments did not show significant differences from the non-treated control. On the other hand, the laboratory experiments showed that all washing treatments reduced the number of germinated pollen grains retained on the stigma, and the immersion treatments at –30, –0, +0, or 30 min as well as the additional ISPIS treatment, showed significant differences from the non-treated controls in the numbers of pollen grains retained on the stigmas. In conclusion, the results showed that adhesion of pollen grains to the stigmas in loquat was rapid and strong, and that the simulated rain treatment was not able to wash-off pollen grains completely from the stigma surface, except in the –0 h and +0 h treatments. 相似文献
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以夏蜡梅属夏蜡梅（Sinocalycanthus chinensis）和美国蜡梅属美国蜡梅变种光叶红蜡梅（Calycanthus floridus var. oblongifolius）为试验材料进行属间杂交,通过荧光镜检观察花粉在柱头上的附着和萌发以及利用石蜡切片观察杂种胚发育情况,探讨其杂交障碍机制。结果表明：不论正反交,花粉均能在柱头上粘附36 h到达胚囊,表明花粉萌发和花粉管生长阶段不存在杂交障碍。杂种胚发育观察结果表明,无论正反交均可以实现双受精,但结实率极低,说明属间杂交存在受精后障碍,且正反交杂交障碍机制有所不同：当以夏蜡梅为母本时,杂交障碍主要由受精后杂种胚早期的不正常解体造成;而当以光叶红蜡梅为母本时,杂交障碍主要由母本雌蕊较高比例的发育异常和杂种胚的早期败育共同引起。 、萌发并生长到达胚囊;以夏蜡梅为母本时父本花粉管生长进程较以光叶红蜡梅为母本时更加一致,大部分花粉管在授粉后 相似文献
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对反义MLPK基因在甘蓝柱头特异启动子SLR的驱动下,通过农杆菌介导转化法将其导入高度自交不亲和甘蓝材料‘TF’。转基因甘蓝T0代植株定量PCR分析结果显示,不同的转MLPK反义基因单株内源MLPK mRNA积累量具有明显差异,其中转基因植株花期柱头内源MLPK mRNA积累量明显低于野生型对照。花粉原位萌发的荧光显微镜观察结果显示,转基因甘蓝植株花期自交后,吸附在柱头上的花粉粒大量萌发,且穿过柱头的花粉管明显增加,并导致花期自交结籽数上升,转基因植株花期和蕾期自交亲和指数均明显高于野生型对照植株。结果表明,下调MLPK基因表达能部分打破甘蓝自交不亲和,提高其花期自交结籽能力。 相似文献
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《International Journal of Fruit Science》2013,13(3):35-52
Abstract The potential of six products to act as pollenicides on apple pollen both in vivo and in vitro was evaluated. The six candidate pollenicides used were lime sulphur (LS) (1.15% solution), ammonium thiosulphate (ATS) (0.75% solution), Surround? WP (S) (59.2 g/L), biodiesel (BD) (5% emulsion), sodium chloride (NaCl) (8 g/L) and Horticultural-Vinegar (HV) (2% solution). It was found that ‘Golden Delicious’ blossoms that were treated with ATS, LS, S or NaCl had significantly fewer pollen grains that germinated in vivo than the treatment receiving no spray. The effect of the six candidate pollenicides was also investigated in vitro by spraying ‘McIntosh’ pollen with the candidate pollenicides and examining pollen germination, pollen tube growth length and the proportion of unviable pollen grains. All of the treatment sprays significantly reduced pollen germination compared with the control, with ATS and LS resulting in considerable reduction in pollen tube germination and HV completely hindering germination. Among those treatments that allowed some germination, only LS, ATS and BD effectively reduced the mean length that the pollen tubes grew in vitro. These laboratory results are compared with those generated in a parallel field trial to assess what stage of pollination the candidate pollenicides are targeting. Taken together these results indicate that ATS reduces pollen viability and germination on pollinated stigmas and on germination medium and is an effective blossom thinner in the field. Lime sulphur has a greater effect on pollen tube germination and growth on germination medium and is a good thinner in the field and that NaCl reduces pollen germination on pollinated stigmas and is an effective mild thinner in the field. Finally, this research suggests that while BD was an effective thinner in the field, it has less pollenicidal and greater phytotoxic effects than the Other products tested. 相似文献