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1.
Mohammed Ahmed UMAR Sho FUKUI Kodai KAWASE Takaharu ITAMI Kazuto YAMASHITA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(3):281-288
Cardiovascular effects of total intravenous anesthesia using
ketamine-medetomidine-propofol drug combination (KMP-TIVA) were determined in 5
Thoroughbred horses undergoing surgery. The horses were anesthetized with intravenous
administration (IV) of ketamine (2.5 mg/kg) and midazolam (0.04 mg/kg) following
premedication with medetomidne (5 µg/kg, IV) and artificially ventilated.
Surgical anesthesia was maintained by controlling propofol infusion rate (initially 0.20
mg/kg/min following an IV loading dose of 0.5
mg/kg) and constant rate infusions of ketamine (1 mg/kg/hr) and medetomidine
(1.25 µg/kg/hr). The horses were anesthetized for 175 ± 14 min (range
from 160 to 197 min). Propofol infusion rates ranged from 0.13 to 0.17 mg/kg/min, and
plasma concentration (Cpl) of propofol ranged from 11.4 to 13.3
µg/ml during surgery. Cardiovascular measurements
during surgery remained within clinically acceptable ranges in the horses (heart rate: 33
to 37 beats/min, mean arterial blood pressure: 111 to 119 mmHg, cardiac index: 48 to 53
ml/kg/min, stroke volume: 650 to 800 ml/beat and
systemic vascular resistance: 311 to 398 dynes/sec/cm5). The propofol Cpl
declined rapidly after the cessation of propofol infusion and was significantly lower at
10 min (4.5 ± 1.5 µg/ml), extubation (4.0 ± 1.2
µg/ml) and standing (2.4 ± 0.9
µg/ml) compared with the Cpl
at the end of propofol administration (11.4 ± 2.7
µg/ml). All the horses recovered uneventfully and stood
at 74 ± 28 min after the cessation of anesthesia. KMP-TIVA provided satisfactory quality
and control of anesthesia with minimum cardiovascular depression in horses undergoing
surgery. 相似文献
2.
Sileshi BELEW Jin-Yoon KIM Md.Akil HOSSAIN Ji-Yong PARK Seung-Jin LEE Yong-Soo PARK Joo-Won SUH Jong-Choon KIM Seung-Chun PARK 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(3):327-329
Pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of marbofloxacin (MRFX) in Korean cattle, Hanwoo, were
determined following its intravenous (i.v.) or intramuscular (i.m.) administration at a
dose of 2 mg/kg. Area under the curve (AUC0–24 hr), half-life (t1/2)
and total body clearance (CLB) of i.v. MRFX were 6.87
hr∙µg/ml, 2.44 hr and 0.29 l/kg∙hr,
respectively, and the corresponding values for i.m. administration of MRFX were 5.07
hr∙µg/ml, 2.44 hr and 0.39 l/kg∙hr.
The suggested optimal doses of MRFX in Hanwoo cattle, calculated by integration of PK data
obtained in the present study and previously reported minimum inhibitory concentration
(MIC) for MRFX against susceptible (MIC ≤1 µg/ml) and
intermediate (MIC ≤2 µg/ml) pathogenic bacteria, were
2.1 and 4.2 mg/kg/day by i.v. route and 3.9 and 7.8 mg/kg/day by i.m. route. 相似文献
3.
Kazuki HARADA Atsushi SASAKI Takae SHIMIZU 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2016,78(1):83-89
The study objective was to determine the effect of oral orbifloxacin (ORB) on
antimicrobial susceptibility and composition of fecal coliforms in cats. Nine cats were
randomized to two groups administered a daily oral dose of 2.5 and 5.0 mg ORB/kg for 7
days and a control group (three cats per group). Coliforms were isolated from stool
samples and were tested for susceptibilities to ORB and 5 other drugs. ORB concentration
in feces was measured using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The coliforms
were undetectable after 2 days of ORB administration, and their number increased in most
cats after termination of the administration. Furthermore, only isolates of
Escherichia coli were detected in all cats before administration, and
those of Citrobacter freundii were detected after termination of the
administration. E. coli isolates exhibited high ORB susceptibility
[Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), ≤0.125 µg/ml]
or relatively low susceptibility (MIC, 1−2 µg/ml) with a
single gyrA mutation. C. freundii isolates largely
exhibited intermediate ORB susceptibility (MIC, 4
µg/ml), in addition to resistance to ampicillin and
cefazolin, and harbored qnrB, but not a gyrA mutation.
HPLC revealed that the peaks of mean concentration were 61.3 and 141.0
µg/g in groups receiving 2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg, respectively. Our findings
suggest that oral ORB may alter the total counts and composition of fecal coliform, but is
unlikely to yield highly fluoroquinolone-resistant mutants of E. coli and
C. freundii in cats, possibly because of the high drug concentration in
feces. 相似文献
4.
Tetsuro KURAMAE Shingo ISHIKAWA Aki KONO Seiji HOBO 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2022,84(3):400
This study analyzed the pharmacokinetics of orbifloxacin (OBFX) in plasma, and its migration and retention in epithelial lining fluid (ELF) and alveolar cells within the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Four healthy calves received a single dose of OBFX (5.0 mg/kg) intramuscularly. Post-administration OBFX dynamics were in accordance with a non-compartment model, including the absorption phase. The maximum concentration (Cmax) of plasma OBFX was 2.2 ± 0.1 μg/ml at 2.3 ± 0.5 hr post administration and gradually decreased to 0.3 ± 0.2 μg/ml at 24 hr following administration. The Cmax of ELF OBFX was 9.3 ± 0.4 μg/ml at 3.0 ± 2.0 hr post administration and gradually decreased to 1.2 ± 0.1 μg/ml at 24 hr following administration. The Cmax of alveolar cells OBFX was 9.3 ± 2.9 μg/ml at 4.0 hr post administration and gradually decreased to 1.1 ± 0.2 μg/ml at 24 hr following administration. The half-life of OBFX in plasma, ELF, and alveolar cells were 6.9 ± 2.2, 7.0 ± 0.6, and 7.8 ± 1.6 hr, respectively. The Cmax and the area under the concentration-time curve for 0–24 hr with OBFX were significantly higher in ELF and alveolar cells than in plasma (P<0.05). These results suggest that OBFX is distributed and retained at high concentrations in ELF and alveolar cells at 24 hr following administration. Hence, a single intramuscular dose of OBFX (5.0 mg/kg) may be an effective therapeutic agent against pneumonia. 相似文献
5.
Kei YOSHIDA Toshio MATSUOKA Yui KOBATAKE Satoshi TAKASHIMA Naohito NISHII 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2022,84(2):275
The present study aimed to quantitatively evaluate muscle mass and gene expression in dogs with glucocorticoid-induced muscle atrophy. Five healthy beagles received oral prednisolone for 4 weeks (1 mg/kg/day), and muscle mass was then evaluated via computed tomography. Histological and gene expression analyses were performed using biopsy samples from the biceps femoris before and after prednisolone administration. The cross-sectional area of the third lumbar paraspinal and mid-femoral muscles significantly decreased after glucocorticoid administration (from 27.5 ± 1.9 to 22.6 ± 2.0 cm2 and from 55.1 ± 4.7 to 50.7 ± 4.1 cm2, respectively; P<0.01). The fast- and slow-twitch muscle fibers were both atrophied (from 2,779 ± 369 to 1,581 ± 207 μm2 and from 2,871 ± 211 to 1,971 ± 169 μm2, respectively; P<0.05). The expression of the growth factor receptor-bound protein 10 (GRB10) significantly increased after prednisolone administration (P<0.05). Because GRB10 suppresses insulin signaling and the subsequent mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 activity, increased expression of GRB10 may have resulted in a decrease in protein anabolism. Taken together, 1 mg/kg/day oral prednisolone for 4 weeks induced significant muscle atrophy in dogs, and GRB10 might participate in the pathology of glucocorticoid-induced muscle atrophy in canines. 相似文献
6.
Supannika HANTRAKUL Narumol KLANGKAEW Sunee KUNAKORNSAWAT Tawewan TANSATIT Ammart POAPOLATHEP Susumu KUMAGAI Saranya POAPOLATHEP 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2014,76(12):1549-1553
This study was conducted to evaluate the pharmacokinetic characteristics of vincristine
and their correlation with its clinical effects in dogs with transmissible venereal tumor
(TVT). Dogs with TVT were intravenously administered vincristine sulfate at a dose of 0.7
mg/m2 of body surface area. Blood samples were collected starting from 5 min
to 48 hr after drug administration. The plasma concentration of vincristine was determined
using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The pharmacokinetic
parameters of vincristine were characterized using a two-compartmental pharmacokinetic
model. The volume of distribution, distribution half-life, elimination half-life and
plasma clearance were 0.660 ± 0.210 l/kg, 21.5 ± 6.90 min, 47.6 ± 14.2
min and 0.010 ± 0.001 l/min/kg, respectively. Tumor regression was
determined at weekly interval by a physical examination and histopathological analysis. In
our study, three to eight administrations of vincristine at a dose of 0.7 mg/m2
were able to induce a complete tumor regression without any evidence of gross lesion of
disease. Therefore, this investigation provides the pharmacokinetic characteristics of
vincristine in dogs with TVT, which may be used as an integration tool to gain a better
understanding of the disposition properties of the drug and the correlation of these
properties with the drug’s clinical effects. In addition, we validated the LC-MS/MS method
and found that it is suitable for the pharmacokinetic study of vincristine in dog
plasma. 相似文献
7.
Jay S Johnson Jacob M Maskal Alan W Duttlinger Kouassi R Kpodo Betty R McConn Christopher J Byrd Brian T Richert Jeremy N Marchant-Forde Donald C Lay Jr Shelbi D Perry Matthew C Lucy Tim J Safranski 《Journal of animal science》2020,98(12)
The effects of in utero heat stress (IUHS) range from decreased growth performance to altered behavior, but the long-term impact of IUHS on postnatal innate immune function in pigs is unknown. Therefore, the study objective was to determine the effects of early gestation IUHS on the immune, metabolic, and stress response of pigs subjected to an 8 hr lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge during postnatal life. Twenty-four pregnant gilts were exposed to thermoneutral (TN; n = 12; 17.5 ± 2.1 °C) or heat stress (HS; n = 12; cyclic 26 to 36 °C) conditions from days 6 to 59 of gestation, and then TN conditions (20.9 ± 2.3 °C) from day 60 of gestation to farrowing. At 12 wk of age, 16 IUHS and 16 in utero thermoneutral (IUTN) pigs were selected, balanced by sex and given an intravenous injection of LPS (2 µg/kg BW mixed with sterile saline [SAL] and injected at 2 µL/kg BW) or SAL (2 µL/kg BW). Body temperature was monitored every 30 min, and blood was obtained at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8 hr following the LPS challenge. Blood samples were analyzed for glucose, insulin, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), cortisol, and cytokine concentrations. In addition, white blood cell counts were determined at 0 and 4 hr. Hour 0 data were used as covariates. Body temperature was increased (P < 0.01) in LPS (40.88 ± 0.08 °C) vs. SAL (39.83 ± 0.08 °C) pigs. Eosinophils tended to be decreased overall (P = 0.09; 43.9%) in IUHS vs. IUTN pigs. Glucose concentrations were reduced overall (P = 0.05; 5.9%) in IUHS vs. IUTN pigs. The NEFA concentrations tended to be greater (P = 0.07; 143.4%) in IUHS-LPS pigs compared with all other treatments, and IUTN-LPS pigs tended to have greater (127.4%) circulating NEFA concentrations compared with IUTN-SAL and IUHS-SAL pigs. Cortisol was increased (P = 0.04) in IUHS-LPS compared with IUTN-LPS pigs at 3 hr (21.5%) and 4 hr (64.3%). At 1 hr, tumor necrosis factor α was increased (P = 0.01; 115.1%) in IUHS-LPS compared with IUTN-LPS pigs. Overall, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were greater (P < 0.04; 281.3% and 297.8%, respectively) in IUHS-LPS pigs compared with all other treatments, and IUTN-LPS pigs had increased IL-1β and IL-6 concentrations compared with IUTN-SAL and IUHS-SAL pigs. In summary, IUHS altered the postnatal cytokine, metabolic, and physiological stress response of pigs during postnatal life, which may have negative implications toward the innate immune response of IUHS pigs to pathogens. 相似文献
8.
Kaoru SATO Eiichi OHASHI Kenji TSUKANO Keiko IKEDA Tadaharu AJITO Kazuyuki SUZUKI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(5):814
The aims of studies were to estimate the withdrawal period of antibiotic from milk after the intramammary infusion of cefazolin sodium (CEZ) in cows with difficulties in frequent milk discharge due to disease such as teat injury. The period was compared among cows milked twice a day after 150 or 450 mg of CEZ were administered to all quarters (Study 1, 2) and the cows in which milking of front-right quarter was ceased for five days after administration of these infusions to only that quarter (Study 3). In Studies 1 and 2, the median of 17.66 µg/ml and 83.18 µg/ml of CEZ were detected in the samples of first milking after intramammary administration, respectively; however, there was no residual antibiotic by 72 hr in all cows. In Study 3, the median of 1.96 µg/ml of CEZ was detected in the sample after the resumption of milking at 120 hr, and the residual was eliminated by 174 hr. The withdrawal period may be prolonged by the cessation of milking after administration, and the period is the total time from cessation to 72 hr after the resumption of milking. 相似文献
9.
10.
Ehab A. Abu-Basha Nasir M. Idkaidek Tareq M. Hantash 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2006,7(4):327-332
A bioavailability and pharmacokinetics study of doxycycline was carried out on 30 healthy ostriches after a single intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM) and oral dose of 15 mg/kg body weight. The plasma doxycycline concentration was determined by HPLC/UV at 0 (pretreatment), 0.08, 0.25, 0.5 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 and 48 h after administration. The plasma concentration-time curves were examined using non-compartmental methods based on the statistical moment theory for only the higher dose. After IV administration, the elimination half-life (t1/2β), mean residence time (MRT), volume of distribution at the steady-state (Vss), volume of distribution (Vdarea) and total body clearance (ClB) were 7.67 ± 0.62 h, 6.68 ± 0.86 h, 0.86 ± 0.16 l/kg, 1.67 ± 0.52 l/kg and 2.51 ± 0.63 ml/min/kg, respectively. After IM and oral dosing, the mean peak plasma concentrations (Cmax) were 1.34 ± 0.33 and 0.30 ± 0.04 µg/ml, respectively, which were achieved at a post-administration time (tmax) of 0.75 ± 0.18, 3.03 ± 0.48 h, respectively. The t1/2β, Vdarea and ClB after IM administration were 25.02 ± 3.98 h, 23.99 ± 3.4 l/kg and 12.14 ± 1.71 ml/min/kg, respectively and 19.25 ± 2.53 h, 61.49 ± 7 l/kg and 40.19 ± 3.79 ml/min/kg after oral administration, respectively. The absolute bioavailability (F) of doxycycline was 5.03 and 17.52% after oral and IM administration, respectively. These results show that the dose data from other animals particularly mammals cannot be extrapolated to ostriches. Therefore, based on these results along with those reported in the literature, further studies on the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic, in vitro minimum inhibitory concentration values and clinical applications of doxycycline in ostriches are required. 相似文献
11.
Hsin-Yu HUANG Kai-Yueh LIAO Wei-Yau SHIA Chao-Chin CHANG Hsien-Chi WANG 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(12):1869
We aimed to determine whether dexmedetomidine administration with or without atropine increases cardiac troponin I (cTnI) level in healthy dogs. We hypothesized that 10 µg/kg dexmedetomidine + atropine increases the cTnI level, whereas 5 µg/kg dexmedetomidine + atropine does not. Eighteen healthy, pet dogs that underwent an orthopedic surgery or ovariohysterectomy were included in this study. The dogs were randomly assigned to atropine (0.02 mg/kg)–dexmedetomidine (10 µg/kg), saline–dexmedetomidine (10 µg/kg), and atropine (0.02 mg/kg)–dexmedetomidine (5 µg/kg) groups. Each dog was premedicated with atropine or saline intramuscularly (IM). After 10 min, they were IM injected with dexmedetomidine (10 or 5 µg/kg)–morphine (0.5 mg/kg)–midazolam (0.2 mg/kg). Following this, anesthesia was induced after 10 min with propofol and maintained with isoflurane in 100% oxygen. The median plasma cTnI level at 6, 12 and 24 hr after premedication was significantly higher than that at baseline. The cTnI level in the atropine–dexmedetomidine (10 µg/kg) group was significantly higher than that in the saline–dexmedetomidine (10 µg/kg) and atropine–dexmedetomidine (5 µg/kg) groups at 6 and 12 hr after premedication. The cTnI level returned to normal within 72 hr after premedication in all groups. The administration of atropine in combination with 10 µg/kg dexmedetomidine increased the cTnI level, indicating subclinical myocardial damage. 相似文献
12.
Chao Wen Zhixian Leng Yueping Chen Liren Ding Tian Wang Yanmin Zhou 《The Journal of Poultry Science》2021,58(2):103
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary betaine (BET) on growth performance, redox state, and related gene expression in broilers under heat stress (HS). A total of 144 21-day-old male broiler chickens with similar body weights were assigned randomly to three treatments with six replicates (eight chickens per replicate cage). Broilers in the control (CON) group were kept at thermoneutral (TN, 22±1°C) conditions and fed a basal diet until they were 42 days of age. Broilers in the other two groups (defined as HS and HS + BET) were exposed to HS (34±1°C, 8 h/day) and fed the basal diet without or with 1000 mg/kg BET, respectively. Rectal and cockscomb temperature of broilers was increased (P<0.05) in HS and HS + BET groups compared with the CON group, whereas there was no difference between HS and HS + BET groups. Dietary BET supplementation restored (P<0.05) average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) of broilers and reversed (P<0.05) the increase in serum alanine transaminase (ALT) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the liver tissue of broilers under HS. The HS + BET group had higher (P<0.05) activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in the liver tissue and mitochondria than the HS group, and the same pattern was observed for glutathione (GSH) and GSH/glutathione disulphide (GSSG) in the liver tissue. The decreased mRNA levels of GPX1 and uncoupling protein (UCP) in the liver induced by HS were restored by BET supplementation. In conclusion, dietary BET supplementation can alleviate HS-induced hepatic and mitochondrial oxidative damage of broilers by regulating mRNA expressions of GPX1 and UCP. 相似文献
13.
Tomohito ISHIZUKA Jun TAMURA Tsukasa NAGARO Kanako SUDO Takaharu ITAMI Mohammed Ahamed UMAR Kenjirou MIYOSHI Tadashi SANO Kazuto YAMASHITA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2014,76(12):1577-1582
Effects of intermittent
positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) on cardiopulmonary function were evaluated in horses
anesthetized with total intravenous anesthesia using constant rate infusions of
medetomidine (3.5 µg/kg/hr), lidocaine (3 mg/kg/hr), butorphanol (24
µg/kg/hr) and propofol (0.1 mg/kg/min) (MLBP-TIVA). Five horses were
anesthetized twice using MLBP-TIVA with or without IPPV at 4-week interval (crossover
study). In each occasion, the horses breathed 100% oxygen with spontaneous ventilation
(SB-group, n=5) or with IPPV (CV-group, n=5), and changes in cardiopulmonary parameters
were observed for 120 min. In the SB-group, cardiovascular parameters were maintained
within acceptable ranges (heart rate: 33–35 beats/min, cardiac output: 27–30
l/min, mean arterial blood pressure [MABP]: 114–123 mmHg, mean
pulmonary arterial pressure [MPAP]: 28–29 mmHg and mean right atrial pressure [MRAP]:
19–21 mmHg), but severe hypercapnea and insufficient oxygenation were observed (arterial
CO2 pressure [PaCO2]: 84–103 mmHg and arterial O2
pressure [PaO2]: 155–172 mmHg). In the CV-group, normocapnea (PaCO2:
42–50 mmHg) and good oxygenation (PaO2: 395–419 mmHg) were achieved by the IPPV
without apparent cardiovascular depression (heart rate: 29–31 beats/min, cardiac output:
17–21 l /min, MABP: 111–123 mmHg, MPAP: 27–30 mmHg and MRAP: 15–16 mmHg).
MLBP-TIVA preserved cardiovascular function even in horses artificially ventilated. 相似文献
14.
Katja Mustonen Anneli Niemi Marja Raekallio Mari Heinonen Olli AT Peltoniemi Mari Palviainen Mia Siven Marikki Peltoniemi Outi Vainio 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2012,54(1):55
Background
Ketoprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug which has been widely used for domestic animals. Orally administered racemic ketoprofen has been reported to be absorbed well in pigs, and bioavailability was almost complete. The objectives of this study were to analyze R- and S-ketoprofen concentrations in plasma after oral (PO) and intra muscular (IM) routes of administration, and to assess the relative bioavailability of racemic ketoprofen for both enantiomers between those routes of administration in growing pigs.Methods
Eleven pigs received racemic ketoprofen at dose rates of 4 mg/kg PO and 3 mg/kg IM in a randomized, crossover design with a 6-day washout period. Enantiomers were separated on a chiral column and their concentrations were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated and relative bioavailability (Frel) was determined for S and R –ketoprofen.Results
S-ketoprofen was the predominant enantiomer in pig plasma after administration of the racemic mixture via both routes. The mean (± SD) maximum S-ketoprofen concentration in plasma (7.42 mg/L ± 2.35 in PO and 7.32 mg/L ± 0.75 in IM) was more than twice as high as that of R-ketoprofen (2.55 mg/L ± 0.99 in PO and 3.23 mg/L ± 0.70 in IM), and the terminal half-life was three times longer for S-ketoprofen (3.40 h ± 0.91 in PO and 2.89 h ± 0.85 in IM) than R-ketoprofen (1.1 h ± 0.90 in PO and 0.75 h ± 0.48 in IM). The mean (± SD) relative bioavailability (PO compared to IM) was 83 ± 20% and 63 ± 23% for S-ketoprofen and R-ketoprofen, respectively.Conclusions
Although some minor differences were detected in the ketoprofen enantiomer concentrations in plasma after PO and IM administration, they are probably not relevant in clinical use. Thus, the pharmacological effects of racemic ketoprofen should be comparable after intramuscular and oral routes of administration in growing pigs. 相似文献15.
Pan Sun Tingting Zhao Hongzhi Xiao Jie Wang Suxia Zhang Xingyuan Cao 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2021,44(1):126-130
The pharmacokinetic behaviours of amoxicillin (AMX) and clavulanic acid (CA) in swine were studied after either an intravenous or oral administration of AMX (10 mg/kg) and CA (2.5 mg/kg). The concentrations of these two medicines in swine plasma were determined using high‐performance liquid chromatographic‐tandem mass spectrometry, and the data were analysed using a noncompartmental model with the WinNonlin software. After intravenous administration, both substances were absorbed rapidly and reached their effective therapeutic concentration quickly. CA was eliminated more slowly compared with AMX. Moreover, the distribution volume of AMX was larger than that of CA, suggesting that AMX could penetrate tissues better. After oral administration of the granular formulation, no significant difference was observed in the mean elimination half‐life value between AMX and CA. The mean maximal plasma concentrations of AMX and CA, reached after 1.14 and 1.32 hr, were 2.58 and 1.91 μg/m, respectively. The mean oral bioavailability of AMX and CA was 23.6% and 26.4%, respectively. After oral administration, the T>MIC50 for three common respiratory pathogens was over 6.12 hr. Therefore, oral administration could be more effective in the clinical therapy of pigs, especially when administered twice daily. 相似文献
16.
Toshiho NISHITA Ryou ANEZAKI Kazunori MATSUNAGA Kensuke ORITO Tamae KASUYA Hideyo SAKANOUE Akiko MATSUNAGA Kazuyoshi ARISHIMA 《Journal of Equine Science》2013,24(4):57-62
Although endoscopy is the definitive diagnostic method for the detection of colonic
ulcers, the equipment required for performing the test is costly and difficult to use.
Therefore, a simple cost-effective and reliable screening test for intestinal tract
bleeding is needed. To this end, we measured carbonic anhydrase isozymes (CA-I and CA-II)
originating from erythrocytes by ELISA in order to determine if they could be used as
markers of occult blood in feces. For fecal extract preparation, 2 g of feces were mixed
with 4 ml of 0.01 M Tris-HCl (pH 8.0) containing 0.01% thimerosal. The concentrations of
CA-I and CA-II in the fecal samples of 13 clinically normal racehorses were found to be
30.0 ± 10.0 and 34.0 ± 13.0 ng/ml, respectively. Increased concentrations of CA-I were
detected in the fecal samples of 5 horses after blood administration; however, no increase
was observed in CA-II. The concentrations of CA-I and CA-II in the fecal samples of 88
racehorses with clinical signs of equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS) were 115.3 ± 79.0
and 41.0 ± 42.0 ng/ml, respectively. Thus, our results indicate that CA isozymes can be
useful as markers of occult blood in the fecal samples of horses with intestinal tract
bleeding. 相似文献
17.
N.L. Parente N. Bari Olivier K.R. Refsal C.A. Johnson 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(5):1465-1470
Background
The duration of antacid‐induced hypergastrinemia after cessation of administration of omeprazole and famotidine apparently has not been determined in dogs.Hypothesis
That serum gastrin will return to basal concentrations by 7 days after cessation of famotidine or omeprazole administration.Animals
Nine healthy, adult, male, research colony dogs.Methods
Randomized, cross‐over design. Serum gastrin was determined daily for 7 days to establish baseline concentrations. Famotidine (1.0 mg/kg q24h) or omeprazole (1.0 mg/kg q24h) was administered PO for 7 days followed by a 14‐day washout. Serum concentrations of gastrin were determined daily during 7 days of administration and daily for 7 days after cessation of administration. Each drug was evaluated in 8 of the 9 dogs.Results
Omeprazole caused a significant increase in serum gastrin concentration (37.2 ± 7.3 to 71.3 ± 19.0 ng/L; P = .006). Famotidine induced a transient increase in serum gastrin (37.2 ± 7.3 to 65.5 ± 38.5 ng/L; P = .02) that peaked at administration day 3 and declined thereafter. By day 7 after cessation of both drugs, there was no difference in serum gastrin concentrations compared to those before administration (famotidine P = .99; omeprazole P = .99). During or after administration, gastrin concentrations above 3 times the upper reference range were rare (12 of 224 samples).Conclusions and Clinical Importance
A 7‐day withdrawal from short‐term administration of famotidine or omeprazole is sufficient for serum gastrin to return to baseline concentrations. Withholding famotidine or omeprazole for longer before investigating pathologic causes of hypergastrinemia is unnecessary. 相似文献18.
Larissa C. Hermeto Rafael DeRossi Beatriz C. Marques Paulo H.A. Jardim 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2015,79(3):214-220
This study investigated the analgesic and systemic effects of intramuscular (IM) versus epidural (EP) administration of tramadol as an adjunct to EP injection of lidocaine in cats. Six healthy, domestic, shorthair female cats underwent general anesthesia. A prospective, randomized, crossover trial was then conducted with each cat receiving the following 3 treatments: EP injection of 2% lidocaine [LEP; 3.0 mg/kg body weight (BW)]; EP injection of a combination of lidocaine and 5% tramadol (LTEP; 3.0 and 2.0 mg/kg BW, respectively); or EP injection of lidocaine and IM injection of tramadol (LEPTIM; 3.0 and 2.0 mg/kg BW, respectively). Systemic effects, spread and duration of analgesia, behavior, and motor blockade were determined before treatment and at predetermined intervals afterwards. The duration of analgesia was 120 ± 31 min for LTEP, 71 ± 17 min for LEPTIM, and 53 ± 6 min for LEP (P < 0.05; mean ± SD). The cranial spread of analgesia obtained with LTEP was similar to that with LEP or LEPTIM, extending to dermatomic region T13–L1. Complete motor blockade was similar for the 3 treatments. It was concluded that tramadol produces similar side effects in cats after either EP or IM administration. Our findings indicate that EP and IM tramadol (2 mg/kg BW) with EP lidocaine produce satisfactory analgesia in cats. As an adjunct to lidocaine, EP tramadol provides a longer duration of analgesia than IM administration. The adverse effects produced by EP and IM administration of tramadol were not different. Further studies are needed to determine whether EP administration of tramadol could play a role in managing postoperative pain in cats when co-administered with lidocaine after painful surgical procedures. 相似文献
19.
Hiroto MAEDA Kazuyuki SOGAWA Kazuko SAKAGUCHI Saori ABE Wataru SAGIZAKA Shunsuke MOCHIZUKI Waka HORIE Toshifumi WATANABE Yui SHIBATA Mamoru SATOH Akihiro SANDA Fumio NOMURA Jun SUZUKI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(8):937-943
Feline renal diseases are increasingly noted in veterinary practice. It is important to diagnose and identify the pathological basis of renal dysfunction accurately at an early stage, but there are only a few reports on this area in clinical veterinary medicine. We investigated the efficacy of measurement of urinary albumin (u-Alb) and urinary transferrin (u-Tf) for early diagnosis using 5-µl urine samples collected noninvasively by catheterization from normal (IRIS stage I) cats and cats with stage I chronic kidney disease (CKD). The u-Alb levels in normal and stage I CKD cats were 6.0 ± 4.5 and 11.2 ± 8.4 mg/dl, respectively, and the u-Tf levels were 0.09 ± 0.42 and 0.52 ± 0.79 mg/dl, respectively. Based on ROC curve analysis, the sensitivity and specificity of u-Alb and u-Tf were higher than those of the currently used biomarker, the plasma creatinine level. The sensitivity of u-Alb was higher than that of u-Tf, whereas
the specificity of u-Tf was higher than that of u-Alb. The validity of the threshold albumin level (20 mg/dl) was confirmed by measurements using SDS-PAGE. Since leakage of u-Tf in urine precedes leakage of u-Alb, inclusion of u-Tf in biochemistry tests may be appropriate for IRIS staging as a diagnostic marker of early diagnosis of renal disorder in cats. 相似文献
20.
Antti Oksanen Kjetil ?sbakk Marja Raekallio Mauri Nieminen 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2014,56(1)